| dbo:abstract |
مصطلح فوق التشبع أو فائق التشبع يشير إلى محلول يحتوي على المواد الذائبة أكثر مما يمكن حله عن طريق مذيب في كمية الذوبان. يمكن أن تشير أيضا إلى بخار مركب لديها ضغط جزئي أعلى من ضغط بخار هذا المركب. (ar) Übersättigung ist die Bezeichnung für einen metastabilen Zustand einer Lösung oder von Dampf. Unter gewöhnlichen Bedingungen würde eine solche Überschreitung des Gleichgewichtszustands durch eine Phasenumwandlung verhindert. Bei übersättigten Systemen tritt diese jedoch nicht am erwarteten Gleichgewichtspunkt des Phasendiagramms auf. Der Temperaturbereich, in dem eine Übersättigung auftreten kann, wird auch Ostwald-Miers-Bereich (nach Wilhelm Ostwald und Henry Alexander Miers) genannt. (de) El término sobresaturación se refiere a una solución que ha pasado el límite de soluto que el solvente puede admitir, por lo que este exceso de soluto aparece como un precipitado. También se puede referir a un vapor de un compuesto que tiene mayor presión parcial que la presión de vapor de ese compuesto. (es) La sursaturation est la condition chimique où une solution contient plus de soluté qu'elle ne peut en dissoudre normalement. Elle réfère également à la condition physique où la pression partielle d'un gaz dans un mélange gazeux dépasse la pression de vapeur saturante, en particulier dans l'air. En général la solubilité augmente avec la température et pour produire ces solutions, c'est un changement de la température d'une solution saturée qui causera la sursaturation. C'est un état métastable et le soluté en sursaturation précipite à la moindre perturbation donnant des cristaux dans un liquide ou des gouttelettes dans un gaz. (fr) Supersaturasi adalah larutan yang mengandung lebih banyak bahan terlarut daripada yang bisa dilarutkan oleh pelarut dalam keadaan normal. Ini juga bisa merujuk pada uap suatu senyawa yang memiliki tekanan (parsial) yang lebih tinggi daripada tekanan uap senyawa itu. (in) In physical chemistry, supersaturation occurs with a solution when the concentration of a solute exceeds the concentration specified by the value of solubility at equilibrium. Most commonly the term is applied to a solution of a solid in a liquid. A supersaturated solution is in a metastable state; it may be brought to equilibrium by forcing the excess of solute to separate from the solution. The term can also be applied to a mixture of gases. (en) La sovrasaturazione è lo stato di una soluzione che contiene più del materiale disciolto di quello che potrebbe essere sciolto dal solvente in circostanze normali. Può riferirsi pure al vapore di un composto che ha una pressione (parziale) più alta della pressione di vapore di quel composto. sovrasaturazione nella camera a nebbia. La sovrasaturazione viene utilizzata nelle camere a nebbia. Questi dispositivi rivelano particelle di radiazione creando uno strato sovrasaturo di vapore che condensa in tracce di nuvole quando le particelle vi passano attraverso. (it) 過飽和（かほうわ）とは、 1. * 溶液が、溶解度以上の物質を含んでいる状態。 2. * 蒸気が、ある温度で本来気体として存在しうる量以上に存在している状態。過飽和蒸気を参照。 (ja) 과포화(過飽和, supersaturation)는 일정한 온도에서 용질이 용해도 이상으로 녹아 있는 상태이다. 이러한 형태의 액체는 과포화용액이라고 한다. 구조가 불안정해 작은 충격에도 용질이 고체로 석출된다. (ko) Пересыщение — избыточная концентрация содержащегося в растворе или паре вещества сверх растворимости, то есть сверх концентрации, соответствующей насыщенному раствору или насыщенному пару при данных условиях. Неустойчивое состояние раствора. Зачастую пересыщение обозначается и задаётся формулой: здесь — объёмная плотность числа молекул пара или раствора, — объёмная плотность числа молекул насыщенного раствора или насыщенного пара. Таким образом заданное пересыщение изменяется в пределах .В случае — пар называется пересыщенным, — недосыщенный пар. (ru) O termo Supersaturação (português brasileiro) ou Sobressaturação (português europeu) refere-se a uma solução que contém mais material dissolvido do que poderia ser dissolvido pelo solvente em circunstâncias normais. Também pode referir-se ao vapor de um composto que tem uma pressão maior (parcial) do que pressão de vapor daquele composto. (pt) 過飽和是指溶液中的溶质含量超过当前温度和压力下该物质饱和溶液中的溶质含量，而仍能存在的现象(不穩定)。该溶液称为过饱和溶液。过饱和也可以指蒸汽中某物质蒸汽压超过该温度和压力下该物质的饱和蒸汽压而不发生相变的现象。该蒸汽称为過飽和蒸汽。高温下的饱和溶液降温或高压下的气体溶液降低压力时有可能形成过饱和溶液，形成的难易程度与溶质与溶剂的性质有关。 过饱和体系处于热力学介稳态，外界条件变化时或长时间静置后会发生相变，转变成该物质的饱和溶液和游离溶质。不同物质的过饱和溶液稳定性不同。搅拌，震荡，加入或杂质等操作会加速此过程。 (zh) |
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مصطلح فوق التشبع أو فائق التشبع يشير إلى محلول يحتوي على المواد الذائبة أكثر مما يمكن حله عن طريق مذيب في كمية الذوبان. يمكن أن تشير أيضا إلى بخار مركب لديها ضغط جزئي أعلى من ضغط بخار هذا المركب. (ar) Übersättigung ist die Bezeichnung für einen metastabilen Zustand einer Lösung oder von Dampf. Unter gewöhnlichen Bedingungen würde eine solche Überschreitung des Gleichgewichtszustands durch eine Phasenumwandlung verhindert. Bei übersättigten Systemen tritt diese jedoch nicht am erwarteten Gleichgewichtspunkt des Phasendiagramms auf. Der Temperaturbereich, in dem eine Übersättigung auftreten kann, wird auch Ostwald-Miers-Bereich (nach Wilhelm Ostwald und Henry Alexander Miers) genannt. (de) El término sobresaturación se refiere a una solución que ha pasado el límite de soluto que el solvente puede admitir, por lo que este exceso de soluto aparece como un precipitado. También se puede referir a un vapor de un compuesto que tiene mayor presión parcial que la presión de vapor de ese compuesto. (es) Supersaturasi adalah larutan yang mengandung lebih banyak bahan terlarut daripada yang bisa dilarutkan oleh pelarut dalam keadaan normal. Ini juga bisa merujuk pada uap suatu senyawa yang memiliki tekanan (parsial) yang lebih tinggi daripada tekanan uap senyawa itu. (in) In physical chemistry, supersaturation occurs with a solution when the concentration of a solute exceeds the concentration specified by the value of solubility at equilibrium. Most commonly the term is applied to a solution of a solid in a liquid. A supersaturated solution is in a metastable state; it may be brought to equilibrium by forcing the excess of solute to separate from the solution. The term can also be applied to a mixture of gases. (en) La sovrasaturazione è lo stato di una soluzione che contiene più del materiale disciolto di quello che potrebbe essere sciolto dal solvente in circostanze normali. Può riferirsi pure al vapore di un composto che ha una pressione (parziale) più alta della pressione di vapore di quel composto. sovrasaturazione nella camera a nebbia. La sovrasaturazione viene utilizzata nelle camere a nebbia. Questi dispositivi rivelano particelle di radiazione creando uno strato sovrasaturo di vapore che condensa in tracce di nuvole quando le particelle vi passano attraverso. (it) 過飽和（かほうわ）とは、 1. * 溶液が、溶解度以上の物質を含んでいる状態。 2. * 蒸気が、ある温度で本来気体として存在しうる量以上に存在している状態。過飽和蒸気を参照。 (ja) 과포화(過飽和, supersaturation)는 일정한 온도에서 용질이 용해도 이상으로 녹아 있는 상태이다. 이러한 형태의 액체는 과포화용액이라고 한다. 구조가 불안정해 작은 충격에도 용질이 고체로 석출된다. (ko) Пересыщение — избыточная концентрация содержащегося в растворе или паре вещества сверх растворимости, то есть сверх концентрации, соответствующей насыщенному раствору или насыщенному пару при данных условиях. Неустойчивое состояние раствора. Зачастую пересыщение обозначается и задаётся формулой: здесь — объёмная плотность числа молекул пара или раствора, — объёмная плотность числа молекул насыщенного раствора или насыщенного пара. Таким образом заданное пересыщение изменяется в пределах .В случае — пар называется пересыщенным, — недосыщенный пар. (ru) O termo Supersaturação (português brasileiro) ou Sobressaturação (português europeu) refere-se a uma solução que contém mais material dissolvido do que poderia ser dissolvido pelo solvente em circunstâncias normais. Também pode referir-se ao vapor de um composto que tem uma pressão maior (parcial) do que pressão de vapor daquele composto. (pt) 過飽和是指溶液中的溶质含量超过当前温度和压力下该物质饱和溶液中的溶质含量，而仍能存在的现象(不穩定)。该溶液称为过饱和溶液。过饱和也可以指蒸汽中某物质蒸汽压超过该温度和压力下该物质的饱和蒸汽压而不发生相变的现象。该蒸汽称为過飽和蒸汽。高温下的饱和溶液降温或高压下的气体溶液降低压力时有可能形成过饱和溶液，形成的难易程度与溶质与溶剂的性质有关。 过饱和体系处于热力学介稳态，外界条件变化时或长时间静置后会发生相变，转变成该物质的饱和溶液和游离溶质。不同物质的过饱和溶液稳定性不同。搅拌，震荡，加入或杂质等操作会加速此过程。 (zh) La sursaturation est la condition chimique où une solution contient plus de soluté qu'elle ne peut en dissoudre normalement. Elle réfère également à la condition physique où la pression partielle d'un gaz dans un mélange gazeux dépasse la pression de vapeur saturante, en particulier dans l'air. (fr) |
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