Survivalism (original) (raw)

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Survivalismus je hnutí jednotlivců nebo skupin tzv. survivalistů (z angl. survive [səˈvaɪv] – přežít) nebo prepperů (z angl. prepare [prɪˈpeə] – připravit), kteří se aktivně a systematicky připravují na stav nouze či mimořádné události zahrnující možný rozklad dosavadního sociálního a politického pořádku, ale i živelné pohromy; survivalisté se tedy často zaměřují na trénink technik přežití, první pomoci a sebeobrany, zásobením se potravinami a vodou, příprava na to, stát se a budováním krytů (např. podzemních bunkrů), které by jim umožnily katastrofu.

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dbo:abstract El survivalisme (adaptació de l'anglès survivalism) és un moviment de persones o grups (anomenats preppers) que es preparen activament per a una possible alteració de l'ordre polític o social, a escala local, regional, nacional o internacional. Els survivalistes sovint es preparen amb anticipació per a aquests esdeveniments, rebent entrenament mèdic, emmagatzemant aigua i aliments, preparant-se per a defensar-se, i construint edificis que els ajudaran a sobreviure i refugiar-se. El survivalisme és abordat pels seus adherents de diferents maneres, depenent de les circumstàncies i de les seves particulars preocupacions, o bé dels riscos que poden arribar a passar en el futur. Els següents són només alguns exemples, encara que molts survivalistes encaixen en més d'una sola d'aquestes categories. Pel que fa a la preparació survivalista individual, hi ha grups de survivalistes i alguns fòrums a la xarxa, molt populars arreu del Món: Austràlia, Bèlgica, Canadà, França, Alemanya, Nova Zelanda, Noruega, Rússia, Suècia, Regne Unit o Estats Units. (ca) Survivalismus je hnutí jednotlivců nebo skupin tzv. survivalistů (z angl. survive [səˈvaɪv] – přežít) nebo prepperů (z angl. prepare [prɪˈpeə] – připravit), kteří se aktivně a systematicky připravují na stav nouze či mimořádné události zahrnující možný rozklad dosavadního sociálního a politického pořádku, ale i živelné pohromy; survivalisté se tedy často zaměřují na trénink technik přežití, první pomoci a sebeobrany, zásobením se potravinami a vodou, příprava na to, stát se a budováním krytů (např. podzemních bunkrů), které by jim umožnily katastrofu. (cs) البقائية هي حركة أمريكية بالدرجة الأولى من أفراد أو مجموعات (يطلق عليهم اسم البقائيين أو المعدين) الذين ينشطون في الإعداد للحالات الطارئة، يتضمن ذلك الاضطرابات التي تحدث اختلال في النظام الاجتماعي أو السياسي تدريجيا من المحلية إلى العالمية. البقائيين غالبا يتدربون على اكتساب مهارات التداوي الطبي في الحالات الطارئة وتمارين الدفاع عن النفس وتخزين الأكل والماء والإعداد ليكونوا مكتفين ذاتيا وبناء منشآت (معزل البقاء أو ملاجئ تحت الأرض) التي يمكن أن تساعدهم في النجاة من الكوارث. تاريخ استعمال مصطلح بقائي بدأ من عام 1976م، أما مصطلح معد مشتق من كلمة إعداد وتنامت شعبيا في فترة التسعينيات مع ردة الفعل من الإرهابيون. (ar) Prepper (abgeleitet von englisch to be prepared für bereit sein bzw. dem englischen Pfadfindergruß Be prepared für „Sei bereit!“ oder „Allzeit bereit“) bezeichnet Personen, die sich mittels individueller Maßnahmen auf verschiedene Arten von Katastrophen vorbereiten. Dies geschieht beispielsweise durch Einlagerung bzw. eigenen Anbau von Lebensmittelvorräten, die Errichtung von Schutzbauten oder Schutzvorrichtungen an bestehenden Gebäuden, das Vorhalten von Schutzkleidung, Werkzeug, Funkgeräten, Wertgegenständen und Edelmetallen, Waffen und anderem. Außerdem werden Fähigkeiten in den Bereichen Erste Hilfe, Survival und Bushcrafting, körperliche Fitness und Selbstverteidigung trainiert. (de) El preparacionismo (del inglés prepper) o survivalismo (del inglés survivalism)​ es un movimiento social de individuos o grupos, llamados preparacionistas o survivalistas (preppers o survivalists en inglés),​​ que se preparan activamente para las emergencias, incluidas las posibles perturbaciones del orden social o político, en escalas que van desde la local hasta la internacional. El preparacionismo también abarca la preparación para emergencias personales, como la pérdida del empleo o el perderse en la naturaleza o bajo condiciones climáticas adversas. Se hace hincapié en la autosuficiencia, el almacenamiento de suministros y la adquisición de conocimientos y técnicas de supervivencia. Los preparacionistas suelen adquirir formación médica de emergencia y de autodefensa, almacenan alimentos y agua, se preparan para ser autosuficientes y construyen estructuras como refugios de supervivencia o subterráneos que pueden ayudarles a sobrevivir a una catástrofe. (es) Survivalism is a social movement of individuals or groups (called survivalists or preppers) who proactively prepare for emergencies, such as natural disasters, as well as other disasters causing disruption to social order (that is, civil disorder) caused by political or economic crises. Preparations may anticipate short-term scenarios or long-term, on scales ranging from personal adversity, to local disruption of services, to international or global catastrophe. There is no bright line dividing general emergency preparedness from prepping in the form of survivalism (these concepts are a spectrum), but a qualitative distinction is often recognized whereby preppers/survivalists prepare especially extensively because they have higher estimations of the risk (odds) of catastrophes happening. Nonetheless, prepping can be as limited as preparing for a personal emergency (such as a job loss, storm damage to one's home, or getting lost in wooded terrain), or it can be as extensive as a personal identity or collective identity with a devoted lifestyle. Survivalism emphasises self-reliance, stockpiling supplies, and gaining survival knowledge and skills. The stockpiling of supplies is itself a wide spectrum, from survival kits (ready bags, bug-out bags) that anyone should have, to entire bunkers in extreme cases. Survivalists often acquire first aid and emergency medical/paramedic training, self-defense training (martial arts, firearm safety), and self-sufficiency training, and they often build structures such as survival retreats or underground shelters that may help them survive a catastrophic failure of society. Use of the term survivalist dates from the early 1980s. (en) Il survivalismo è un movimento di persone o gruppi (chiamati survivalisti o prepper) che si preparano attivamente per le emergenze, future o eventuali, comprese possibili interruzioni o profondi mutamenti dell'ordine sociale o politico, su scale che vanno dal locale a quella internazionale. I survivalisti hanno spesso una formazione che riguarda le emergenze mediche, l'auto-difesa, l'approvvigionamento di scorte alimentari e acqua, l'autosufficienza logistica tramite la costruzione di strutture per sopravvivere o nascondersi (ad esempio, un rifugio sotterraneo) e la preparazione di equipaggiamenti da sopravvivenza. (it) Le survivalisme est un terme qui désigne les activités de certains individus ou groupes d'individus qui se préparent à une catastrophe éventuelle (catastrophe naturelle, crise économique, crise sanitaire, etc.) à l'échelle locale ou globale, voire à un événement potentiellement cataclysmique (effondrement écologique, guerre nucléaire, invasion extraterrestre, etc.), ou plus généralement à un effondrement de la civilisation industrielle. Les survivalistes se préparent en modifiant leurs habitations, en apprenant des techniques de survie et des rudiments de notions médicales, en stockant de la nourriture et des armes, en construisant des abris antiatomiques, ou en apprenant certaines techniques de bushcraft afin de s'abriter, se réchauffer, avoir de l'eau potable et se nourrir en milieu sauvage ou hostile (chasse, cueillette, production de feu). Le mouvement émerge aux États-Unis dans les années 1960, sur fond de guerre froide. Il a plus récemment évolué en néosurvivalisme, qui est davantage un mouvement porté sur l'autonomie et l'indépendance par rapport au système économique global, et sur une plus grande proximité avec la nature. (fr) ( 서바이벌리스트는 여기로 연결됩니다. 영화에 대해서는 서바이벌리스트 (영화) 문서를 참고하십시오.) 생존주의(영어: survivalism)는 어떤 개인 또는 집단이 미래의 긴급상황에 적극적 능동적으로 대비하는 운동행위이다. 여기서 긴급상황이란 자연재해, 사회정치적 혼란 등 다양한 종류를 포괄하며, 개인의 조난에서 국제적 대재난까지 그 규모도 다양하다. 생존주의자(영어: survivalist; prepper)들은 응급치료와 자기방어 기술을 훈련하고, 식품과 식수를 비축하여 유사시 자급자족할 수 있는 조건을 조성한다. (ko) Een prepper (van het Engelse werkwoord to prepare; ook wel een survivalist of eerder neosurvivalist genoemd) is iemand die zich voorbereidt op een noodsituatie als gevolg van een ramp of sociale, politieke en/of economische opschudding en ongeregeldheden, of deze zich nu op lokaal niveau of internationale schaal afspelen. Preppers hebben zich vaak medische kennis en zelfverdedigingstechnieken eigen gemaakt en zorgen voor allerhande voorzieningen die ze helpen te overleven. Deze kunnen aangebracht zijn in hun eigen huis of op een andere locatie (zoals in een schuilplaats of bunker). Bovendien slaan ze grote voorraden in van (langdurig houdbaar, geconserveerd) voedsel, water en andere noodzakelijke goederen. Dit doen ze zodat ze hier geen gebrek aan hebben wanneer deze niet of nauwelijks meer verkrijgbaar zijn, omdat de winkels die deze verkopen niet meer bevoorraad kunnen worden als gevolg van een noodsituatie of de beschikbare voorraden gehamsterd of geplunderd worden. In dit soort situaties doet dat zich dikwijls voor. Veel preppers streven in zijn algemeenheid naar een zelfvoorzienende levensstijl, ook als er zich geen noodsituatie voordoet. (nl) プレッパー(Prepper)とは、自然災害や経済恐慌などで発生するカタストロフィに対処するため、生存術や物資の備蓄、避難訓練などに日常的に取り組んでいる人のこと。中央政府や地方自治体の公的支援を当てにせず、自力で生き延びることを信条としている。「prepare(準備する、備える)」に由来し、即ち「備える人」を意味する。 (ja) Сурвивали́зм (сервайвали́зм, сурвайвали́зм, выживализм, от англ. survivalism, от survival — выживание), или выживальничество, или просто выживальщики — движение (субкультура), объединяющее людей, которые активно готовятся к таким ожидаемым ими чрезвычайным ситуациям, как: * стихийные бедствия; * техногенные катастрофы; * кризисы, связанные с отключением электричества, дефицитом продуктов питания, воды и т. п.; * эпидемии; * или к ещё более катастрофическим событиям: таким, как война (в том числе ядерная), столкновение крупного небесного тела с Землей, извержение супервулкана и последующая многолетняя вулканическая зима, глобальное потепление, зомби-апокалипсис — которые, по мнению выживальщиков, могут положить конец существованию человеческой цивилизации и к которым нужно готовиться заранее. В английском языке участники этого движения называются словом «survivalist» (сурвивалист) или «prepper» (преппер), в России же более распространено слово «выживальщик». (ru) Sobrevivencialismo é um movimento de grupos ou indivíduos (chamados sobrevivencialistas ou preparadores) que estão ativamente preparando-se para emergências, até em caso de possíveis rupturas na ordem política e social local, regional, nacional ou internacional. Os sobrevivencialistas normalmente preparam-se para se antecipar a esses acontecimentos por meio de treinamentos, armazenamento de água e comida, preparação para autodefesa e autossuficiência, e/ ou construindo estruturas que os ajudarão a sobreviver ou desaparecer (ex.: refúgios de sobrevivência ou abrigos). É um movimento predominante nos Estados Unidos e por isso sua nomenclatura é fundamentada no inglês, assim como suas principais preocupações são relacionadas com riscos existentes naquele país. As rupturas frequentemente citadas pelos sobrevivencialistas são: catástrofes naturais, catástrofes provocadas pela humanidade, ruptura na ordem social e política, colapso geral da sociedade, colapso da economia e emergências sanitárias. (pt) Survivalism är en rörelse av individer eller grupper som kallas survivalister, preppare eller preppers. De förbereder sig aktivt för möjliga framtida avbrott i lokal, regional, nationell eller internationell social eller politisk ordning. (sv) 生存主义(又称:活命主义;英語:survivalism,也称为 preppers,准备者)是一个单人或团体的运动,他们积极地为区域性或国际性的社会崩溃,自然灾难做准备。生存主义者也为个人的意外困境做准备,如失业或被困于野外。生存主义者主要是通过储备生活物资自用或与他人物物交换,学习在灾难中的生存技能,接受急救医疗及自卫训练,建造生存堡垒或地下避难所之类安全住所,来渡过可能面临的灾难。生存主义者一词的使用可以追溯到1960年代初。 (zh) Вижива́льники — неформальна субкультура суть якої полягає в підготуванні до стихійних лих чи надзвичайних ситуацій. Виживальники готуються виживати у разі як локальних (аварія на електростанції, землетрус, масові заворушення тощо) так і глобальних (світова війна, ядерна війна тощо) лих. Підготовка може полягати у: * проходженні курсів виживання, * вивченні цивільної оборони (ЦО), * підготовці продовольчих та господарських запасів (так званих «схронів»), * об'єднання з однодумцями, * екстремальний туризм (виживання на підніжному кормі), * перехід на максимально повну автономію від цивілізації.[джерело?] Зародження даної субкультури відбулося у США, де представника її називають «survivalist». У США (на відміну від СНД) виживальники воліють облаштування позаміських притулків — будівництво бункера у дворі. У СНД — рух виживальників, спочатку, розвивався на базі збройових, туристичних ресурсів, поступово створюючи свої портали. (uk)
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rdfs:comment Survivalismus je hnutí jednotlivců nebo skupin tzv. survivalistů (z angl. survive [səˈvaɪv] – přežít) nebo prepperů (z angl. prepare [prɪˈpeə] – připravit), kteří se aktivně a systematicky připravují na stav nouze či mimořádné události zahrnující možný rozklad dosavadního sociálního a politického pořádku, ale i živelné pohromy; survivalisté se tedy často zaměřují na trénink technik přežití, první pomoci a sebeobrany, zásobením se potravinami a vodou, příprava na to, stát se a budováním krytů (např. podzemních bunkrů), které by jim umožnily katastrofu. (cs) Prepper (abgeleitet von englisch to be prepared für bereit sein bzw. dem englischen Pfadfindergruß Be prepared für „Sei bereit!“ oder „Allzeit bereit“) bezeichnet Personen, die sich mittels individueller Maßnahmen auf verschiedene Arten von Katastrophen vorbereiten. Dies geschieht beispielsweise durch Einlagerung bzw. eigenen Anbau von Lebensmittelvorräten, die Errichtung von Schutzbauten oder Schutzvorrichtungen an bestehenden Gebäuden, das Vorhalten von Schutzkleidung, Werkzeug, Funkgeräten, Wertgegenständen und Edelmetallen, Waffen und anderem. Außerdem werden Fähigkeiten in den Bereichen Erste Hilfe, Survival und Bushcrafting, körperliche Fitness und Selbstverteidigung trainiert. (de) Il survivalismo è un movimento di persone o gruppi (chiamati survivalisti o prepper) che si preparano attivamente per le emergenze, future o eventuali, comprese possibili interruzioni o profondi mutamenti dell'ordine sociale o politico, su scale che vanno dal locale a quella internazionale. I survivalisti hanno spesso una formazione che riguarda le emergenze mediche, l'auto-difesa, l'approvvigionamento di scorte alimentari e acqua, l'autosufficienza logistica tramite la costruzione di strutture per sopravvivere o nascondersi (ad esempio, un rifugio sotterraneo) e la preparazione di equipaggiamenti da sopravvivenza. (it) ( 서바이벌리스트는 여기로 연결됩니다. 영화에 대해서는 서바이벌리스트 (영화) 문서를 참고하십시오.) 생존주의(영어: survivalism)는 어떤 개인 또는 집단이 미래의 긴급상황에 적극적 능동적으로 대비하는 운동행위이다. 여기서 긴급상황이란 자연재해, 사회정치적 혼란 등 다양한 종류를 포괄하며, 개인의 조난에서 국제적 대재난까지 그 규모도 다양하다. 생존주의자(영어: survivalist; prepper)들은 응급치료와 자기방어 기술을 훈련하고, 식품과 식수를 비축하여 유사시 자급자족할 수 있는 조건을 조성한다. (ko) プレッパー(Prepper)とは、自然災害や経済恐慌などで発生するカタストロフィに対処するため、生存術や物資の備蓄、避難訓練などに日常的に取り組んでいる人のこと。中央政府や地方自治体の公的支援を当てにせず、自力で生き延びることを信条としている。「prepare(準備する、備える)」に由来し、即ち「備える人」を意味する。 (ja) Survivalism är en rörelse av individer eller grupper som kallas survivalister, preppare eller preppers. De förbereder sig aktivt för möjliga framtida avbrott i lokal, regional, nationell eller internationell social eller politisk ordning. (sv) 生存主义(又称:活命主义;英語:survivalism,也称为 preppers,准备者)是一个单人或团体的运动,他们积极地为区域性或国际性的社会崩溃,自然灾难做准备。生存主义者也为个人的意外困境做准备,如失业或被困于野外。生存主义者主要是通过储备生活物资自用或与他人物物交换,学习在灾难中的生存技能,接受急救医疗及自卫训练,建造生存堡垒或地下避难所之类安全住所,来渡过可能面临的灾难。生存主义者一词的使用可以追溯到1960年代初。 (zh) البقائية هي حركة أمريكية بالدرجة الأولى من أفراد أو مجموعات (يطلق عليهم اسم البقائيين أو المعدين) الذين ينشطون في الإعداد للحالات الطارئة، يتضمن ذلك الاضطرابات التي تحدث اختلال في النظام الاجتماعي أو السياسي تدريجيا من المحلية إلى العالمية. البقائيين غالبا يتدربون على اكتساب مهارات التداوي الطبي في الحالات الطارئة وتمارين الدفاع عن النفس وتخزين الأكل والماء والإعداد ليكونوا مكتفين ذاتيا وبناء منشآت (معزل البقاء أو ملاجئ تحت الأرض) التي يمكن أن تساعدهم في النجاة من الكوارث. (ar) El survivalisme (adaptació de l'anglès survivalism) és un moviment de persones o grups (anomenats preppers) que es preparen activament per a una possible alteració de l'ordre polític o social, a escala local, regional, nacional o internacional. Els survivalistes sovint es preparen amb anticipació per a aquests esdeveniments, rebent entrenament mèdic, emmagatzemant aigua i aliments, preparant-se per a defensar-se, i construint edificis que els ajudaran a sobreviure i refugiar-se. El survivalisme és abordat pels seus adherents de diferents maneres, depenent de les circumstàncies i de les seves particulars preocupacions, o bé dels riscos que poden arribar a passar en el futur. Els següents són només alguns exemples, encara que molts survivalistes encaixen en més d'una sola d'aquestes categori (ca) El preparacionismo (del inglés prepper) o survivalismo (del inglés survivalism)​ es un movimiento social de individuos o grupos, llamados preparacionistas o survivalistas (preppers o survivalists en inglés),​​ que se preparan activamente para las emergencias, incluidas las posibles perturbaciones del orden social o político, en escalas que van desde la local hasta la internacional. El preparacionismo también abarca la preparación para emergencias personales, como la pérdida del empleo o el perderse en la naturaleza o bajo condiciones climáticas adversas. Se hace hincapié en la autosuficiencia, el almacenamiento de suministros y la adquisición de conocimientos y técnicas de supervivencia. Los preparacionistas suelen adquirir formación médica de emergencia y de autodefensa, almacenan aliment (es) Le survivalisme est un terme qui désigne les activités de certains individus ou groupes d'individus qui se préparent à une catastrophe éventuelle (catastrophe naturelle, crise économique, crise sanitaire, etc.) à l'échelle locale ou globale, voire à un événement potentiellement cataclysmique (effondrement écologique, guerre nucléaire, invasion extraterrestre, etc.), ou plus généralement à un effondrement de la civilisation industrielle. (fr) Survivalism is a social movement of individuals or groups (called survivalists or preppers) who proactively prepare for emergencies, such as natural disasters, as well as other disasters causing disruption to social order (that is, civil disorder) caused by political or economic crises. Preparations may anticipate short-term scenarios or long-term, on scales ranging from personal adversity, to local disruption of services, to international or global catastrophe. There is no bright line dividing general emergency preparedness from prepping in the form of survivalism (these concepts are a spectrum), but a qualitative distinction is often recognized whereby preppers/survivalists prepare especially extensively because they have higher estimations of the risk (odds) of catastrophes happening. N (en) Een prepper (van het Engelse werkwoord to prepare; ook wel een survivalist of eerder neosurvivalist genoemd) is iemand die zich voorbereidt op een noodsituatie als gevolg van een ramp of sociale, politieke en/of economische opschudding en ongeregeldheden, of deze zich nu op lokaal niveau of internationale schaal afspelen. Preppers hebben zich vaak medische kennis en zelfverdedigingstechnieken eigen gemaakt en zorgen voor allerhande voorzieningen die ze helpen te overleven. Deze kunnen aangebracht zijn in hun eigen huis of op een andere locatie (zoals in een schuilplaats of bunker). Bovendien slaan ze grote voorraden in van (langdurig houdbaar, geconserveerd) voedsel, water en andere noodzakelijke goederen. Dit doen ze zodat ze hier geen gebrek aan hebben wanneer deze niet of nauwelijks mee (nl) Sobrevivencialismo é um movimento de grupos ou indivíduos (chamados sobrevivencialistas ou preparadores) que estão ativamente preparando-se para emergências, até em caso de possíveis rupturas na ordem política e social local, regional, nacional ou internacional. Os sobrevivencialistas normalmente preparam-se para se antecipar a esses acontecimentos por meio de treinamentos, armazenamento de água e comida, preparação para autodefesa e autossuficiência, e/ ou construindo estruturas que os ajudarão a sobreviver ou desaparecer (ex.: refúgios de sobrevivência ou abrigos). É um movimento predominante nos Estados Unidos e por isso sua nomenclatura é fundamentada no inglês, assim como suas principais preocupações são relacionadas com riscos existentes naquele país. (pt) Сурвивали́зм (сервайвали́зм, сурвайвали́зм, выживализм, от англ. survivalism, от survival — выживание), или выживальничество, или просто выживальщики — движение (субкультура), объединяющее людей, которые активно готовятся к таким ожидаемым ими чрезвычайным ситуациям, как: В английском языке участники этого движения называются словом «survivalist» (сурвивалист) или «prepper» (преппер), в России же более распространено слово «выживальщик». (ru) Вижива́льники — неформальна субкультура суть якої полягає в підготуванні до стихійних лих чи надзвичайних ситуацій. Виживальники готуються виживати у разі як локальних (аварія на електростанції, землетрус, масові заворушення тощо) так і глобальних (світова війна, ядерна війна тощо) лих. Підготовка може полягати у: Зародження даної субкультури відбулося у США, де представника її називають «survivalist». У США (на відміну від СНД) виживальники воліють облаштування позаміських притулків — будівництво бункера у дворі. (uk)
rdfs:label Survivalism (en) بقائية (ar) Survivalisme (ca) Survivalismus (cs) Prepper (de) Preparacionismo (es) Survivalismo (it) Survivalisme (fr) 생존주의 (ko) プレッパー (ja) Prepper (nl) Сурвивализм (ru) Sobrevivencialismo (pt) Survivalism (sv) Виживальники (uk) 生存主义 (zh)
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