Terrain-following radar (original) (raw)
Terrainfolgeradar (englisch terrain-following radar, TFR), auch Geländefolgeradar oder seltener Bodenfolgeradar, ist eine Technik, die es einem tieffliegenden Luftfahrzeug ermöglicht, automatisch eine relativ konstante Flughöhe über Grund einzuhalten.
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| dbo:abstract | Terrainfolgeradar (englisch terrain-following radar, TFR), auch Geländefolgeradar oder seltener Bodenfolgeradar, ist eine Technik, die es einem tieffliegenden Luftfahrzeug ermöglicht, automatisch eine relativ konstante Flughöhe über Grund einzuhalten. (de) El radar de seguimiento del terreno, o TFR por sus siglas en inglés (Terrain-Following Radar), es una tecnología aeroespacial basada en radar que permite a una aeronave volar a muy bajo nivel manteniendo automáticamente una altitud relativamente constante sobre el nivel del terreno. A veces se llama volar abrazando la tierra o abrazando el terreno. También se puede aplicar el término «vuelo adaptado al perfil del terreno», pero este es más común usarlo en relación con vuelos a baja cota de helicópteros militares, que normalmente no utilizan radares de seguimiento el terreno. (es) Un radar de suivi de terrain est un radar hyperfréquence qui permet à l'avion l'embarquant de suivre le relief au plus près ou de reconnaître le terrain pour une mission de bombardement. Lorsque le terrain coupe le faisceau du radar, l'avion adapte son altitude pour éviter le relief. Ce type de radar peut être installé à demeure sur l'appareil (Mirage 2000 dans ses variantes N et D, Sukhoï Su-24…), ou dans un pod amovible (F-15E). (fr) Terrain-following radar (TFR) adalah sebuah teknologi kedirgantaraan yang memungkinkan pesawat-terbang dengan sangat rendah dan secara otomatis menjaga ketinggian relatif konstan di atas permukaan tanah. Hal ini kadang-kadang disebut sebagai ground hugging (memeluk tanah) atau terrain hugging flight (penerbangan memeluk medan). Istilah penerbangan 'tidur siang di atas bumi' juga dapat diterapkan tetapi lebih umum digunakan dalam kaitannya dengan helikopter terbang rendah militer, yang biasanya tidak menggunakan Terrain-following radar. Teknologi ini awalnya dikembangkan oleh Ferranti untuk digunakan dengan pesawat TSR-2. (in) Terrain-following radar (TFR) is a military aerospace technology that allows a very-low-flying aircraft to automatically maintain a relatively constant altitude above ground level and therefore make detection by enemy radar more difficult. It is sometimes referred to as ground hugging or terrain hugging flight. The term nap-of-the-earth flight may also apply but is more commonly used in relation to low-flying military helicopters, which typically do not use terrain-following radar. TFR systems work by scanning a radar beam vertically in front of the aircraft and comparing the range and angle of the radar reflections to a pre-computed ideal manoeuvring curve. By comparing the distance between the terrain and the ideal curve, the system calculates a manoeuvre that will make the aircraft clear the terrain by a pre-selected distance, often on the order of 100 metres (330 ft). Using TFR allows an aircraft to automatically follow terrain at very low levels and high speeds. Terrain-following radars differ from the similar-sounding terrain avoidance radars; terrain avoidance systems scan horizontally to produce a map-like display that the navigator then uses to plot a route that avoids higher terrain features. The two techniques are often combined in a single radar system, the navigator uses the terrain avoidance mode to choose an ideal route through lower-altitude terrain features like valleys, and then switches to TFR mode which then flies over that route at a minimum altitude. The concept was initially developed at the Cornell Aeronautical Laboratory in the 1950s. It was first built in production form starting in 1959 by Ferranti for use with the TSR-2 aircraft, flying for the first time in an English Electric Canberra testbed in 1962. While the TSR-2 project was ultimately abandoned, the concept was widely deployed in 1960s and 70s strike aircraft and interdictors, including the General Dynamics F-111, Panavia Tornado and Sukhoi Su-24 "Fencer". The wider introduction of stealth aircraft technologies through the 1990s has led to a reduction in low-altitude flight as a solution to the problem of avoiding anti-aircraft weapons and the technique is no longer common. Most aircraft of this class have since retired although the Su-24 and Tornado remain in use in some numbers. (en) Radar TFR (ang. terrain following radar) – dosłownieradar śledzenia [ukształtowania] terenu, zwany również radarem śledzenia rzeźby terenu – najczęściej spotykana polska nazwa, dobrze oddająca zastosowanie, to radar omijania przeszkód terenowych. Umożliwia nisko lecącemu (zwykle w zakresie ok. 30–300 m nad ziemią) statkowi powietrznemu na automatyczne utrzymywanie względnie stałej wysokości lotu ponad terenem. Stosowany zasadniczo w odrzutowych samolotach wojskowych, czasem – w śmigłowcach bojowych, rzadko – w samolotach cywilnych. (pl) |
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| dbo:wikiPageExternalLink | http://www.stevebroadbent.net/582b.pdf http://pdf.aiaa.org/jaPreview/JA/1968/PVJAPRE43925.pdf http://www.rfcafe.com/references/electronics-mag/terrain-following-radar-electronics-mag-feb-21-1964.htm https://books.google.com/books%3Fid=f07gCQAAQBAJ&pg=PA223 https://web.archive.org/web/20090226214651/http:/pdf.aiaa.org/jaPreview/JA/1968/PVJAPRE43925.pdf https://web.archive.org/web/20110724082945/http:/www.stevebroadbent.net/582b.pdf https://www.youtube.com/watch%3Fv=8Jaq1KvkYTA https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/eb034756/full/html |
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| rdfs:comment | Terrainfolgeradar (englisch terrain-following radar, TFR), auch Geländefolgeradar oder seltener Bodenfolgeradar, ist eine Technik, die es einem tieffliegenden Luftfahrzeug ermöglicht, automatisch eine relativ konstante Flughöhe über Grund einzuhalten. (de) El radar de seguimiento del terreno, o TFR por sus siglas en inglés (Terrain-Following Radar), es una tecnología aeroespacial basada en radar que permite a una aeronave volar a muy bajo nivel manteniendo automáticamente una altitud relativamente constante sobre el nivel del terreno. A veces se llama volar abrazando la tierra o abrazando el terreno. También se puede aplicar el término «vuelo adaptado al perfil del terreno», pero este es más común usarlo en relación con vuelos a baja cota de helicópteros militares, que normalmente no utilizan radares de seguimiento el terreno. (es) Un radar de suivi de terrain est un radar hyperfréquence qui permet à l'avion l'embarquant de suivre le relief au plus près ou de reconnaître le terrain pour une mission de bombardement. Lorsque le terrain coupe le faisceau du radar, l'avion adapte son altitude pour éviter le relief. Ce type de radar peut être installé à demeure sur l'appareil (Mirage 2000 dans ses variantes N et D, Sukhoï Su-24…), ou dans un pod amovible (F-15E). (fr) Radar TFR (ang. terrain following radar) – dosłownieradar śledzenia [ukształtowania] terenu, zwany również radarem śledzenia rzeźby terenu – najczęściej spotykana polska nazwa, dobrze oddająca zastosowanie, to radar omijania przeszkód terenowych. Umożliwia nisko lecącemu (zwykle w zakresie ok. 30–300 m nad ziemią) statkowi powietrznemu na automatyczne utrzymywanie względnie stałej wysokości lotu ponad terenem. Stosowany zasadniczo w odrzutowych samolotach wojskowych, czasem – w śmigłowcach bojowych, rzadko – w samolotach cywilnych. (pl) Terrain-following radar (TFR) adalah sebuah teknologi kedirgantaraan yang memungkinkan pesawat-terbang dengan sangat rendah dan secara otomatis menjaga ketinggian relatif konstan di atas permukaan tanah. Hal ini kadang-kadang disebut sebagai ground hugging (memeluk tanah) atau terrain hugging flight (penerbangan memeluk medan). (in) Terrain-following radar (TFR) is a military aerospace technology that allows a very-low-flying aircraft to automatically maintain a relatively constant altitude above ground level and therefore make detection by enemy radar more difficult. It is sometimes referred to as ground hugging or terrain hugging flight. The term nap-of-the-earth flight may also apply but is more commonly used in relation to low-flying military helicopters, which typically do not use terrain-following radar. (en) |
| rdfs:label | Terrainfolgeradar (de) Radar de seguimiento del terreno (es) Terrain-following radar (in) Radar de suivi de terrain (fr) Radar TFR (pl) Terrain-following radar (en) |
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