BAC TSR-2 (original) (raw)
Die BAC TSR.2 (British Aircraft Corporation – Tactical Strike and Reconnaissance 2) war ein britisches Projekt für einen Überschallaufklärer und -bomber als Ersatz für die English Electric Canberra in den 1960er-Jahren.
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| dbo:abstract | BAC TSR.2 byl dvoumístný dvoumotorový prototyp britského taktického bombardovacího, útočného a průzkumného letounu, vyvinutý firmou British Aircraft Corporation (BAC) v 60. letech 20. století pro britské letectvo Royal Air Force. TSR-2 byl navržen jako stroj určený k průniku silně bráněnou oblastí fronty v malé výšce a velmi vysokou rychlostí. Měl napadat cíle velké důležitosti v blízkém zázemí protivníka přesně svrhovanými pumami, konvenčními nebo jadernými. Projekt TSR.2 zahrnoval celé spektrum nejmodernějších technologií, které by ho po dokončení učinily v příslušné kategorii nejvýkonnějším letounem na světě. Program vývoje TSR.2 byl kontroverzním rozhodnutím zrušen a prostředky určené k jeho dokončení přesunuty ve prospěch (posléze také neuskutečněného) nákupu amerických General Dynamics F-111K. (cs) The British Aircraft Corporation TSR-2 is a cancelled Cold War strike and reconnaissance aircraft developed by the British Aircraft Corporation (BAC), for the Royal Air Force (RAF) in the late 1950s and early 1960s. The TSR-2 was designed around both conventional and nuclear weapons delivery: it was to penetrate well-defended frontline areas at low altitudes and very high speeds, and then attack high-value targets in rear areas. Another intended combat role was to provide high-altitude, high-speed stand-off, side-looking radar and photographic imagery and signals intelligence, aerial reconnaissance. Only one airframe flew and test flights and weight-rise during design indicated that the aircraft would be unable to meet its original stringent design specifications. The design specifications were reduced as the result of flight testing. The TSR-2 was the victim of ever-rising costs and inter-service squabbling over Britain's future defence needs, which together led to the controversial decision in 1965 to scrap the programme. It was decided to order an adapted version of the General Dynamics F-111 instead, but that decision was later rescinded as costs and development times increased. The replacements included the Blackburn Buccaneer and McDonnell Douglas F-4 Phantom II, both of which had previously been considered and rejected early in the TSR-2 procurement process. Eventually, the smaller swing-wing Panavia Tornado was developed and adopted by a European consortium to fulfil broadly similar requirements to the TSR-2. (en) Die BAC TSR.2 (British Aircraft Corporation – Tactical Strike and Reconnaissance 2) war ein britisches Projekt für einen Überschallaufklärer und -bomber als Ersatz für die English Electric Canberra in den 1960er-Jahren. (de) El British Aircraft Corporation TSR-2 (en inglés: Tactical Strike and Reconnaisance, Mach 2; traducido al español: Bombardero Táctico y de Reconocimiento, Mach 2) fue un proyecto desarrollado por la British Aircraft Corporation (BAC) para un bombardero táctico y avión de reconocimiento que estaba previsto que entrase en servicio con la Royal Air Force, pero que fue cancelado a mediados de los años 1960. El TSR-2 estaba diseñado para poder penetrar en el campo de batalla, a baja altitud y alta velocidad, para posteriormente atacar objetivos primarios con armamento nuclear o convencional. El TSR-2 también estaba concebido para realizar reconocimiento fotográfico a gran altitud y altas velocidades. Estos requisitos de diseño hacían del TSR-2 un avión de alta tecnología para la época en que se estaba desarrollando, que además se consideraba uno de los más avanzados para desempeñar estos papeles. A pesar de que solo uno de los prototipos llegó a volar, las pruebas de vuelo demostraron que la aeronave estaba preparada para alcanzar estas estrictas especificaciones en su diseño. El TSR-2 fue víctima de decisiones políticas que, junto con las disputas entre las distintas ramas de las Fuerzas Armadas del Reino Unido sobre las futuras necesidades de defensa del país, llevaron a la controvertida decisión de abandonar el programa en 1965. Tras la elección del nuevo gobierno laborista, presidido por Harold Wilson, se procedió a la cancelación del TSR-2 debido al aumento de los costes de desarrollo, favoreciendo en su lugar la adquisición del General Dynamics F-111K Aardvark, una decisión que posteriormente fue también descartada debido a que los costes y el tiempo de desarrollo se dispararon. El programa TSR-2 se acabaría reemplazando con la adquisición de más aviones Blackburn Buccaneer y McDonnell Douglas F-4 Phantom II. (es) Le BAC TSR-2 (Tactical Strike and Reconnaissance 2) était un projet de bombardier lancé par le Royaume-Uni à la fin des années 1950. Ce projet fut abandonné en 1965 alors qu'un seul prototype avait volé. (fr) British Aircraft Corporation TSR-2 adalah pesawat serang dan intai taktis yang dirancang oleh perusahaan British Aircraft Corporation (BAC) sebagai pengganti pesawat pembom ringan English Electric Canberra. Dirancang untuk melakukan misi penyerangan jauh ke dalam wilayah musuh dengan kecepatan tinggi pada ketinggian rendah, prototype pesawat ini berhasil melakukan first flight pada tanggal 27 September 1964. BAC TSR-2 bisa dikatakan merupakan salah satu puncak pencapaian teknologi pesawat tempur Inggris. Pesawat ini dirancang untuk mampu membawa persenjataan sampai seberat 4,5 ton dan mampu membawa persenjataan nuklir seperti bom WE.177 yang memiliki kekuatan ledak sampai 450 kiloton. Sayangnya Amerika Serikat tidak suka dengan kemajuan teknologi Inggris ini dan mereka melakukan pendekatan kepada para politikus Inggris agar membatalkan proyek TSR-2 ini dan mengajukan tawaran penjualan 50 uni pesawat F-111. Faktor politis dan perubahan kebijakan pertahanan Inggris akhirnya mengakibatkan proyek TSR-2 ini dibatalkan pada tahun 1968. Banyak pihak yang kecewa terhadap keputusan ini, termasuk Sir Sydney Camm yang merupakan salah satu perancang pesawat kenamaan Inggris (Camm antara lain ikut merancang Hawker Hurricane, Hawker Typhoon, dan Hawker Hunter). Sir Sydney Camm sampai mengeluarkan pernyataan “All modern aircraft have four dimensions: span, length, height and politics. TSR-2 simply got the first three right.” (in) De British Aircraft Corporation TSR-2 was een bommenwerper uit de tijd van de Koude Oorlog. Het toestel werd in het begin van de jaren zestig van de 20e eeuw speciaal ontworpen en ontwikkeld voor de Royal Air Force. De aanduiding TSR-2 die aan het toestel was gegeven, betekende Tactical Strike-Reconnaissance model 2. De firma British Aircraft Corporation was ontstaan uit een samenwerking van de firma’s en English Electric. Het toestel was ontworpen om zeer laag en zeer snel door een goed verdedigd luchtruim heen te dringen. Daarna zou het met grote precisie vitale objecten in het achterland kunnen verkennen en uitschakelen. De TSR-2 beschikte hiervoor over een aantal geavanceerde mogelijkheden die van het toestel een formidabel wapen maakten voor de uitvoering van deze taken. Toch werd het TSR-2 programma op een controversiële manier afgewezen ten gunste van de Amerikaanse General Dynamics F-111. De ironie wilde echter dat de aanschaf van F-111’s voor de RAF later ook werd afgezegd. (nl) Il BAC TSR-2 era un velivolo multiruolo (bombardiere tattico e ricognitore) bimotore a getto, sviluppato dall'azienda britannica British Aircraft Corporation (BAC) negli anni sessanta e rimasto allo stadio di prototipo. Si trattava di una delle più grandi realizzazioni nel campo della tecnologia aeronautica, ma il suo progetto venne abbandonato a causa di discusse scelte politiche operate dal governo britannico. (it) BAC TSR-2（British Aircraft Corporation TSR-2 , TSR.2とも）は、1960年代にイギリスで試作された爆撃機である。性能は良好であったが、開発は中止され、量産はされなかった。 (ja) BAC TSR.2 (Tactical Strike and Reconnaissance Mach 2) – projekt dwusilnikowego brytyjskiego naddźwiękowego samolotu rozpoznawczego i bombowego z wczesnych lat 60. XX w. produkcji British Aircraft Corporation, mającego zastąpić samolot English Electric Canberra. Maszynę oblatano po raz pierwszy 27 września 1964 roku. (pl) O British Aircraft Corporation TSR-2 (em inglês: Tactical Strike and Reconnaisance, Mach 2; traduzido em português: Bombardeiro Tático e de Reconhecimento, Mach 2) foi um projeto desenvolvido pela British Aircraft Corporation, de bombardeiro tático e avião de reconhecimento para a Força Aérea Real Britânica, cancelado em meados da década de 1960. O TSR-2 estava desenhado para poder entrar no campo de batalha, a baixa altitude e alta velocidade, para posteriormente atacar objetivos primários como armamento nuclear ou convencional. Ele também foi criado para realizar reconhecimento fotográfico a grande altitude e altas velocidades. Estes requerimentos de desenho faziam do TSR-2 um avião de alta tecnologia para a época em que se estava desenvolvendo, sendo considerado um dos mais avançados para desempenhar estes papéis. Apesar de só um dos dois protótipos chegou a voar, as provas do voo demostraram que a aeronave estava preparada para alcançar estas estritas especificações em seu desenho. O TSR-2 foi vítima de decisões políticas que, junto com as disputas entre os distintos ramos das Forças Armadas do Reino Unido sobre as futuras necessidades de defesa do país, levaram a controvérsia decisão de abandonar o programa em 1965. Depois da eleição do novo governo, o TSR-2 foi cancelado devido ao aumento dos custos de desenvolvimento, favorecendo em seu lugar a aquisição do General Dynamics F-111K, uma decisão que posteriormente foi também descartada devido ao fato de custos e tempo de desenvolvimento dispararem. O programa TSR-2 foi substituído com a aquisição de mais aviões Blackburn Buccaneer e McDonnell Douglas F-4 Phantom II. (pt) 英國航太TSR-2是一個由英國航太於1960年代初期發起的不幸開發計畫。在計畫當時，是世界上最先進的作戰機種，擁有兩倍音速的最大速度與西方第五代戰鬥機方才普及的超音速巡航能力。其原型機之推力與SR-71大致相同，然因其重量遠較後者為輕，故其能量補充較後者更為快速。但是该项目最终被取消，以为F-111系列进入市场让路。 (zh) |
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| dbp:armament | Total weapons load of 10,000 lb ; 6,000 lb internal and 4,000 lb external * Internal weapons bay, 20 ft long, with 1 Red Beard 15 kt nuclear weapon or as intended 2 × OR.1177 300 kt nuclear weapons or 6 × 1,000 lb HE bombs. Final designed normal load in nuclear role of up to 4 × WE.177 nuclear weapons, two side-by-side or in tandem in weapons bay, two on external underwing stores pylons. (en) |
| dbp:avionics | * Autonetics Verdan autopilot modified by Elliot Automation * Ferranti * EMI * Marconi * Cossor * Plessey (en) |
| dbp:ceilingFt | 40000 (xsd:integer) |
| dbp:climbRateFtmin | 15000 (xsd:integer) |
| dbp:combatRangeNmi | 750 (xsd:integer) |
| dbp:crew | 2 (xsd:integer) |
| dbp:emptyWeightLb | 54750 (xsd:integer) |
| dbp:eng1Lbf | 22000 (xsd:integer) |
| dbp:eng1LbfAb | 30610 (xsd:integer) |
| dbp:eng1Name | dbr:Bristol_Siddeley_B.Ol.22R_Olympus_Mk.320 |
| dbp:eng1Number | 2 (xsd:integer) |
| dbp:eng1Type | afterburning turbojet engines (en) |
| dbp:firstFlight | 1964-09-27 (xsd:date) |
| dbp:grossWeightLb | 79573 (xsd:integer) |
| dbp:heightFt | 23 (xsd:integer) |
| dbp:heightIn | 9 (xsd:integer) |
| dbp:lengthFt | 89 (xsd:integer) |
| dbp:lists | * List of bomber aircraft (en) |
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| dbp:maxSpeedMach | 2.150000 (xsd:double) |
| dbp:maxTakeoffWeightLb | 103500 (xsd:integer) |
| dbp:nationalOrigin | United Kingdom (en) |
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| dbp:primeUnits?_ | kts (en) |
| dbp:quote | "The practical solution of appointing one prime contractor to manage the whole programme with sub-contractors operating under strictly controlled and disciplined conditions was, if considered at all, waived aside." (en) "The trouble with the TSR-2 was that it tried to combine the most advanced state of every art in every field. The aircraft firms and the RAF were trying to get the Government on the hook and understated the cost. But TSR-2 cost far more than even their private estimates, and so I have no doubt about the decision to cancel." (en) "There are jobs that missiles cannot do, they cannot reconnoitre enemy positions, they cannot be moved rapidly from one theatre to another, nor can they be switched from one target to another, only a manned vehicle can produce such flexibility." (en) |
| dbp:rangeNmi | 2500 (xsd:integer) |
| dbp:ref | TSR2: Britain's Lost Bomber (en) |
| dbp:similarAircraft | * Convair B-58 Hustler * Dassault Mirage IV * General Dynamics F-111 Aardvark * North American A-5 Vigilante * Sukhoi Su-24 (en) |
| dbp:source | Denis Healey, then Minister of Defence. (en) Members of Parliament Julian Amery writing in Sunday Telegraph 1965 (en) Wing Commander R.P. Beamont, the first TSR-2 pilot. (en) |
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| dbp:status | Cancelled (en) |
| dbp:thrust/weight | 0.590000 (xsd:double) |
| dbp:type | Strike/reconnaissance (en) |
| dbp:width | 25.0 (dbd:perCent) 26.0 (dbd:perCent) |
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| rdfs:comment | Die BAC TSR.2 (British Aircraft Corporation – Tactical Strike and Reconnaissance 2) war ein britisches Projekt für einen Überschallaufklärer und -bomber als Ersatz für die English Electric Canberra in den 1960er-Jahren. (de) Le BAC TSR-2 (Tactical Strike and Reconnaissance 2) était un projet de bombardier lancé par le Royaume-Uni à la fin des années 1950. Ce projet fut abandonné en 1965 alors qu'un seul prototype avait volé. (fr) Il BAC TSR-2 era un velivolo multiruolo (bombardiere tattico e ricognitore) bimotore a getto, sviluppato dall'azienda britannica British Aircraft Corporation (BAC) negli anni sessanta e rimasto allo stadio di prototipo. Si trattava di una delle più grandi realizzazioni nel campo della tecnologia aeronautica, ma il suo progetto venne abbandonato a causa di discusse scelte politiche operate dal governo britannico. (it) BAC TSR-2（British Aircraft Corporation TSR-2 , TSR.2とも）は、1960年代にイギリスで試作された爆撃機である。性能は良好であったが、開発は中止され、量産はされなかった。 (ja) BAC TSR.2 (Tactical Strike and Reconnaissance Mach 2) – projekt dwusilnikowego brytyjskiego naddźwiękowego samolotu rozpoznawczego i bombowego z wczesnych lat 60. XX w. produkcji British Aircraft Corporation, mającego zastąpić samolot English Electric Canberra. Maszynę oblatano po raz pierwszy 27 września 1964 roku. (pl) 英國航太TSR-2是一個由英國航太於1960年代初期發起的不幸開發計畫。在計畫當時，是世界上最先進的作戰機種，擁有兩倍音速的最大速度與西方第五代戰鬥機方才普及的超音速巡航能力。其原型機之推力與SR-71大致相同，然因其重量遠較後者為輕，故其能量補充較後者更為快速。但是该项目最终被取消，以为F-111系列进入市场让路。 (zh) BAC TSR.2 byl dvoumístný dvoumotorový prototyp britského taktického bombardovacího, útočného a průzkumného letounu, vyvinutý firmou British Aircraft Corporation (BAC) v 60. letech 20. století pro britské letectvo Royal Air Force. TSR-2 byl navržen jako stroj určený k průniku silně bráněnou oblastí fronty v malé výšce a velmi vysokou rychlostí. Měl napadat cíle velké důležitosti v blízkém zázemí protivníka přesně svrhovanými pumami, konvenčními nebo jadernými. Projekt TSR.2 zahrnoval celé spektrum nejmodernějších technologií, které by ho po dokončení učinily v příslušné kategorii nejvýkonnějším letounem na světě. Program vývoje TSR.2 byl kontroverzním rozhodnutím zrušen a prostředky určené k jeho dokončení přesunuty ve prospěch (posléze také neuskutečněného) nákupu amerických General Dynami (cs) The British Aircraft Corporation TSR-2 is a cancelled Cold War strike and reconnaissance aircraft developed by the British Aircraft Corporation (BAC), for the Royal Air Force (RAF) in the late 1950s and early 1960s. The TSR-2 was designed around both conventional and nuclear weapons delivery: it was to penetrate well-defended frontline areas at low altitudes and very high speeds, and then attack high-value targets in rear areas. Another intended combat role was to provide high-altitude, high-speed stand-off, side-looking radar and photographic imagery and signals intelligence, aerial reconnaissance. Only one airframe flew and test flights and weight-rise during design indicated that the aircraft would be unable to meet its original stringent design specifications. The design specifications (en) El British Aircraft Corporation TSR-2 (en inglés: Tactical Strike and Reconnaisance, Mach 2; traducido al español: Bombardero Táctico y de Reconocimiento, Mach 2) fue un proyecto desarrollado por la British Aircraft Corporation (BAC) para un bombardero táctico y avión de reconocimiento que estaba previsto que entrase en servicio con la Royal Air Force, pero que fue cancelado a mediados de los años 1960. (es) British Aircraft Corporation TSR-2 adalah pesawat serang dan intai taktis yang dirancang oleh perusahaan British Aircraft Corporation (BAC) sebagai pengganti pesawat pembom ringan English Electric Canberra. Dirancang untuk melakukan misi penyerangan jauh ke dalam wilayah musuh dengan kecepatan tinggi pada ketinggian rendah, prototype pesawat ini berhasil melakukan first flight pada tanggal 27 September 1964. (in) De British Aircraft Corporation TSR-2 was een bommenwerper uit de tijd van de Koude Oorlog. Het toestel werd in het begin van de jaren zestig van de 20e eeuw speciaal ontworpen en ontwikkeld voor de Royal Air Force. De aanduiding TSR-2 die aan het toestel was gegeven, betekende Tactical Strike-Reconnaissance model 2. De firma British Aircraft Corporation was ontstaan uit een samenwerking van de firma’s en English Electric. (nl) O British Aircraft Corporation TSR-2 (em inglês: Tactical Strike and Reconnaisance, Mach 2; traduzido em português: Bombardeiro Tático e de Reconhecimento, Mach 2) foi um projeto desenvolvido pela British Aircraft Corporation, de bombardeiro tático e avião de reconhecimento para a Força Aérea Real Britânica, cancelado em meados da década de 1960. (pt) |
| rdfs:label | BAC TSR.2 (cs) BAC TSR.2 (de) BAC TSR-2 (en) British Aircraft Corporation TSR-2 (es) BAC TSR-2 (in) BAC TSR-2 (it) BAC TSR-2 (fr) BAC TSR-2 (ja) BAC TSR-2 (nl) BAC TSR-2 (pl) BAC TSR-2 (pt) TSR-2轟炸機 (zh) |
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