Thiokol (original) (raw)
Thiokol (també anomenada Thiokol Chemical Company, Morton Thiokol o diversos noms heretats de la seva història) és una empresa estatunidenca que es dedicà inicialment al sector del cautxú i productes químics relacionats, i més tard a l'astronàutica (programa Apollo) i sistemes de propulsió de míssils (míssil Trident). L'empresa entrà a formar part d' l'any 2001. És notablement l'empresa que manufacturà la junta tòrica responsable de l'accident del transbordador espacial Challenger el 28 de gener del 1986.
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| dbo:abstract | Thiokol (també anomenada Thiokol Chemical Company, Morton Thiokol o diversos noms heretats de la seva història) és una empresa estatunidenca que es dedicà inicialment al sector del cautxú i productes químics relacionats, i més tard a l'astronàutica (programa Apollo) i sistemes de propulsió de míssils (míssil Trident). L'empresa entrà a formar part d' l'any 2001. És notablement l'empresa que manufacturà la junta tòrica responsable de l'accident del transbordador espacial Challenger el 28 de gener del 1986. (ca) Thiokol (dříve: Thiokol Chemical Company, Morton-Thiokol Inc., Cordant Technologies Inc., Thiokol Propulsion, AIC Group, ATK Thiokol; dnešní název: ATK Launch Systems Group) je americká korporace, která zpočátku podnikala v chemickém a a později výrobou raketových motorů na tuhé pohonné látky. Název Thiokol je odvozen z řeckých slov pro síru (θεῖον "theion") a lepidlo (κόλλα "kolla"), což je narážka na jejich původní produkt. Thiokol Chemical Company byla založena v roce 1929 a jejími hlavními produkty byla a polymerová těsnění. V době druhé světové války se stala hlavním dodavatelem těsnění z kapalných polymerů. Produkce syntetické gumy a polymerů byla po mnoho let hlavní oblastí zájmu společnosti. Když v roce 1945 vědci v JPL (Jet Propulsion Laboratory) objevili potenciál polymerů společnosti Thiokol jako stabilizačního činidla tuhého raketového paliva, otevřelo to nové pole působnosti a vyústilo ve více než 50 let trvající působnost Thiokol v . Téměř každý velký kosmický projekt využíval produkty Thiokol. (cs) Thiokol (également appelée Thiokol Chemical Company, Morton Thiokol ou de divers noms hérités de son histoire) était une entreprise américaine travaillant initialement dans le secteur du caoutchouc et des produits chimiques connexes, et plus tard dans l'astronautique (programme Apollo, propulseurs à propergol solide de lanceurs et de la navette spatiale américaine) et dans les systèmes de propulsion de missile (missile Trident). C'est notamment l'entreprise qui a produit le joint torique mis en cause lors de l'explosion au décollage de la navette spatiale Challenger, le 28 janvier 1986. (fr) Thiokol (variously Thiokol Chemical Corporation(/Company), Morton Thiokol Inc., Cordant Technologies Inc., Thiokol Propulsion, AIC Group, ATK Thiokol, ATK Launch Systems Group; finally Orbital ATK before becoming part of Northrop Grumman) was an American corporation concerned initially with rubber and related chemicals, and later with rocket and missile propulsion systems. Its name is a portmanteau of the Greek words for sulfur (θεῖον "theion") and glue (κόλλα "kolla"), an allusion to the company's initial product, Thiokol polymer. The Thiokol Chemical Company was founded in 1929. Its initial business was a range of synthetic rubber and polymer sealants. Thiokol was a major supplier of liquid polymer sealants during World War II. When scientists at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory discovered that Thiokol's polymers made ideal binders for solid rocket fuels, Thiokol moved into the new field, opening laboratories at Elkton, Maryland, and later production facilities at Elkton and at Redstone Arsenal in Huntsville, Alabama. Huntsville produced the XM33 Pollux, TX-18 Falcon, and TX-135 Nike-Zeus systems. It closed in 1996. In the mid-1950s the company bought extensive lands in Utah for its rocket test range. During its existence, Thiokol was responsible for two of the worst industrial disasters in American history. On February 3, 1971, at a Thiokol chemical plant southeast of Woodbine, Georgia, a fire entered a storage facility holding nearly five tons of ignition pellets, flares, and other highly flammable materials. The facility exploded, killing 29 people and severely wounding more than 50 others, including many with severed limbs. Windows were shattered 11 miles (18 km) from the site and the explosion was heard for 50 miles (80 km) around. Georgia law prevented employees from suing their employer because they were covered by workers' compensation insurance. On January 28, 1986, the Space Shuttle Challenger exploded 73 seconds into its flight, killing all seven crew members aboard. An investigation found the cause was two O-ring seals in the Space Shuttle's right solid rocket booster, which had been manufactured by Morton Thiokol. Test data from as early as 1977 had revealed a potentially catastrophic flaw in the O-rings in low-temperature situations, but neither Morton-Thiokol nor NASA addressed or corrected the issue. Shortly before takeoff, several Morton Thiokol engineers recommended calling off the launch until temperatures at Cape Canaveral increased, but they were overruled by company management. (en) ATKランチ・システムズ・グループ（英: ATK Launch Systems Group）は、初期にはゴム及び関連した化学製品に携わり、後にロケットとミサイルの推進システムに携わるアメリカ合衆国の企業である。ATKとは親会社のアライアント・テックシステムズ（Alliant Techsystems Inc.）の略（NYSEコード）である。 2006年に現在の社名になるまで、社名は一定ではなかったものの常にThiokolの名が入っていた。Thiokolは、同社の最初の製品のポリサルファイド系ポリマーの商品名で、ギリシア語で硫黄を意味するΘειο（theio）と接着剤を意味するκολλα（kolla）の混成語である。 日本では、東レによるポリサルファイドポリマのライセンス製品の商標「チオコールLP」があるため「チオコール」と呼ばれることもあるが、ロケット関係をはじめとして一般には「サイオコール」というカタカナ書きが広く使われている（たとえば文科省によるロケット関連の資料等）。この記事では前述の東レの製品以外については「サイオコール」を使っている。 同社は、合併・分割・買収・売却を繰り返す間に次のように社名が変わった。 * サイオコール・ケミカル（Thiokol Chemical Company）- 設立当初 * モートン-サイオコール（Morton-Thiokol Inc.） * コーダント・テクノロジー（Cordant Technologies Inc.） * サイオコール・プロパルション（Thiokol Propulsion） * ATKサイオコール（ATK Thiokol） * ATKランチ・システムズ・グループ（ATK Launch Systems Group） * ATKエアロスペース・グループ（ATK Aerospace Group）- 2013-2015年2月まで * オービタルATK（Orbital ATK Inc.）-2015年2月10日にオービタル・サイエンシズ社と合併。 (ja) Thiokol – byłe amerykańskie przedsiębiorstwo zajmujące się produkcją układów napędowych rakiet (pocisków rakietowych, rakiet balistycznych, rakiet nośnych), ciągnikami gąsienicowymi, a na początku swojej działalności, chemikaliami związanymi z gumą i siarką – skąd nazwa przedsiębiorstwa, od greckich słów Θειο (theio – siarka) i κολλα (kolla – klej). Przedsiębiorstwo zostało założone w 1929 roku. W 2001 zostało wykupione przez (ATK) za 2,9 mld USD. ATK zmieniło wtedy nazwę firmy na ATK-Thiokol. W 2006 nazwę zmieniono ponownie, na ATK Launch Systems Group. W 2005 zatrudniał ponad 4000 osób, a wartość sprzedanych produktów sięgnęła 840 mln USD. Thiokol miał udział w każdym załogowym programie kosmicznym Stanów Zjednoczonych (Mercury, Gemini, Apollo, Space Transportation System, Constellation) i w najbardziej znanych programach bezzałogowych (Pioneer, Surveyor, Viking, Voyager, Magellan, Mars Pathfinder). (pl) La Thiokol era una società statunitense nota per la sua attività di sviluppo e produzione di sistemi di propulsione a razzo. Fondata nel 1929, la società fu acquisita dalla Alliant Techsystems Inc. (ATK) nel 2001 e cambiò ragione sociale in ATK-Thiokol. Nel 2006 ha assunto la nuova denominazione di ATK Launch Systems Group. È il maggior produttore al mondo di sistemi per la propulsione missilistica in campo civile, militare e aerospaziale. (it) A AtK Thiokol é uma empresa cuja sede está situada na cidade de Edina, no Estado de Minnesota nos Estados Unidos. AtK Thiokol ou simplesmente ATK é uma empresa especializada no desenvolvimento de armas de guerra avançadas e de sistemas espaciais. Apresenta um faturamento anual de US$ 3.1 bilhões de dólares e emprega aproximadamente 14.500 funcionários em 23 estados norte-americanos. A empresa é a maior fabricante de motores para combustível sólido do mundo e uma das maiores empresas fabricantes de munição. Também fabrica satélites, naves espaciais, aeronaves civis e militares. Além de fabricar estruturas de material composto para foguetes. É a fabricante do motor para combustível sólido para foguetes espaciais Star 48B. Este modelo costuma equipar o terceiro estágio do foguete Delta II. Em 2005, ganhou o contrato para fornecimento do primeiro módulo do veículo lançador Ares I utilizado no Projeto Constellation, sucessor do projeto do Ônibus Espacial. (pt) Thiokol (в разное время известная как Thiokol Chemical Corporation, Morton-Thiokol Inc., Cordant Technologies Inc., Thiokol Propulsion, AIC Group, ATK Thiokol, ATK Launch Systems Group; правопреемником, после ликвидаций, слияний и выделений является компания Orbital ATK) — американская корпорация, специализировавшаяся изначально на синтетических резинах и других химических компонентах, а в настоящее время на твердотопливных ракетных двигателях и в смежных аэрокосмических областях. (ru) |
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| rdfs:comment | Thiokol (també anomenada Thiokol Chemical Company, Morton Thiokol o diversos noms heretats de la seva història) és una empresa estatunidenca que es dedicà inicialment al sector del cautxú i productes químics relacionats, i més tard a l'astronàutica (programa Apollo) i sistemes de propulsió de míssils (míssil Trident). L'empresa entrà a formar part d' l'any 2001. És notablement l'empresa que manufacturà la junta tòrica responsable de l'accident del transbordador espacial Challenger el 28 de gener del 1986. (ca) Thiokol (également appelée Thiokol Chemical Company, Morton Thiokol ou de divers noms hérités de son histoire) était une entreprise américaine travaillant initialement dans le secteur du caoutchouc et des produits chimiques connexes, et plus tard dans l'astronautique (programme Apollo, propulseurs à propergol solide de lanceurs et de la navette spatiale américaine) et dans les systèmes de propulsion de missile (missile Trident). C'est notamment l'entreprise qui a produit le joint torique mis en cause lors de l'explosion au décollage de la navette spatiale Challenger, le 28 janvier 1986. (fr) La Thiokol era una società statunitense nota per la sua attività di sviluppo e produzione di sistemi di propulsione a razzo. Fondata nel 1929, la società fu acquisita dalla Alliant Techsystems Inc. (ATK) nel 2001 e cambiò ragione sociale in ATK-Thiokol. Nel 2006 ha assunto la nuova denominazione di ATK Launch Systems Group. È il maggior produttore al mondo di sistemi per la propulsione missilistica in campo civile, militare e aerospaziale. (it) Thiokol (в разное время известная как Thiokol Chemical Corporation, Morton-Thiokol Inc., Cordant Technologies Inc., Thiokol Propulsion, AIC Group, ATK Thiokol, ATK Launch Systems Group; правопреемником, после ликвидаций, слияний и выделений является компания Orbital ATK) — американская корпорация, специализировавшаяся изначально на синтетических резинах и других химических компонентах, а в настоящее время на твердотопливных ракетных двигателях и в смежных аэрокосмических областях. (ru) Thiokol (dříve: Thiokol Chemical Company, Morton-Thiokol Inc., Cordant Technologies Inc., Thiokol Propulsion, AIC Group, ATK Thiokol; dnešní název: ATK Launch Systems Group) je americká korporace, která zpočátku podnikala v chemickém a a později výrobou raketových motorů na tuhé pohonné látky. Název Thiokol je odvozen z řeckých slov pro síru (θεῖον "theion") a lepidlo (κόλλα "kolla"), což je narážka na jejich původní produkt. (cs) Thiokol (variously Thiokol Chemical Corporation(/Company), Morton Thiokol Inc., Cordant Technologies Inc., Thiokol Propulsion, AIC Group, ATK Thiokol, ATK Launch Systems Group; finally Orbital ATK before becoming part of Northrop Grumman) was an American corporation concerned initially with rubber and related chemicals, and later with rocket and missile propulsion systems. Its name is a portmanteau of the Greek words for sulfur (θεῖον "theion") and glue (κόλλα "kolla"), an allusion to the company's initial product, Thiokol polymer. (en) ATKランチ・システムズ・グループ（英: ATK Launch Systems Group）は、初期にはゴム及び関連した化学製品に携わり、後にロケットとミサイルの推進システムに携わるアメリカ合衆国の企業である。ATKとは親会社のアライアント・テックシステムズ（Alliant Techsystems Inc.）の略（NYSEコード）である。 2006年に現在の社名になるまで、社名は一定ではなかったものの常にThiokolの名が入っていた。Thiokolは、同社の最初の製品のポリサルファイド系ポリマーの商品名で、ギリシア語で硫黄を意味するΘειο（theio）と接着剤を意味するκολλα（kolla）の混成語である。 日本では、東レによるポリサルファイドポリマのライセンス製品の商標「チオコールLP」があるため「チオコール」と呼ばれることもあるが、ロケット関係をはじめとして一般には「サイオコール」というカタカナ書きが広く使われている（たとえば文科省によるロケット関連の資料等）。この記事では前述の東レの製品以外については「サイオコール」を使っている。 同社は、合併・分割・買収・売却を繰り返す間に次のように社名が変わった。 (ja) Thiokol – byłe amerykańskie przedsiębiorstwo zajmujące się produkcją układów napędowych rakiet (pocisków rakietowych, rakiet balistycznych, rakiet nośnych), ciągnikami gąsienicowymi, a na początku swojej działalności, chemikaliami związanymi z gumą i siarką – skąd nazwa przedsiębiorstwa, od greckich słów Θειο (theio – siarka) i κολλα (kolla – klej). Przedsiębiorstwo zostało założone w 1929 roku. W 2001 zostało wykupione przez (ATK) za 2,9 mld USD. ATK zmieniło wtedy nazwę firmy na ATK-Thiokol. W 2006 nazwę zmieniono ponownie, na ATK Launch Systems Group. (pl) A AtK Thiokol é uma empresa cuja sede está situada na cidade de Edina, no Estado de Minnesota nos Estados Unidos. AtK Thiokol ou simplesmente ATK é uma empresa especializada no desenvolvimento de armas de guerra avançadas e de sistemas espaciais. Apresenta um faturamento anual de US$ 3.1 bilhões de dólares e emprega aproximadamente 14.500 funcionários em 23 estados norte-americanos. É a fabricante do motor para combustível sólido para foguetes espaciais Star 48B. Este modelo costuma equipar o terceiro estágio do foguete Delta II. (pt) |
| rdfs:label | Thiokol (ca) Thiokol (cs) Thiokol (fr) Thiokol (it) ATKランチ・システムズ・グループ (ja) Thiokol (pl) Thiokol (pt) Thiokol (en) Thiokol (ru) Тіокол (uk) |
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