| dbo:abstract |
شركة المشرق، أو شركة تركيا، هي شركة إنجليزية ذات امتياز تأسست عام 1581، لتنظيم التجارة الإنجليزية مع تركيا في الشرق. أعضاء الشركة كانوا يعرفون باسم التاجر التركي. (ar) Η Αγγλική Εταιρεία της Ανατολής (αγγλικά: Levant Company, κατά κυριολεξία Εταιρεία του Λεβάντε, ή Τουρκική Εταιρεία) δημιουργήθηκε από τη βασίλισσα Ελισάβετ Α΄ με υποκινητές τους δύο Άγγλους εμπόρους, τον Σερ (Sir Edward Osborne) και τον (Richard Staper) το 1581, με στόχο να εξασφαλίσουν το μονοπώλιο του εμπορίου στα εδάφη της Οθωμανικής Αυτοκρατορίας. Είναι η περίοδος που η Οθωμανική Αυτοκρατορία ακμάζει, το κράτος εξαπλώνεται, οι πόλεμοι σταματούν, η κεντρική εξουσία είναι ισχυρή, το εμπόριο και η βιοτεχνία αναπτύσσονται και το νόμισμα είναι σταθερό. Οι κοινότητες των Άγγλων εμπόρων, οι οποίοι πολύ σύντομα έφτασαν στην Ανατολή δημιούργησαν εμπορικούς σταθμούς (ή εμπορικά κέντρα (factories) όπως τα ονόμαζαν) μέσα στα ήδη υπάρχοντα λιμάνια. (el) Levant Company war ein englisches Handelsunternehmen mit Firmensitz in London. Die Handelskompanie entstand 1592 durch die Verschmelzung der Turkey Company und der Venice Company und betrieb vorrangig Handel im östlichen Mittelmeerraum. Zu den Präsidenten des Unternehmens gehörten unter anderem der englische Kaufmann und . (de) The Levant Company was an English chartered company formed in 1592. Elizabeth I of England approved its initial charter on 11 September 1592 when the Venice Company (1583) and the Turkey Company (1581) merged, because their charters had expired, as she was eager to maintain trade and political alliances with the Ottoman Empire.Its initial charter was good for seven years and was granted to Edward Osborne, , Thomas Smith and with the purpose of regulating English trade with the Ottoman Empire and the Levant. The company remained in continuous existence until being superseded in 1825. A member of the company was known as a Turkey Merchant. (en) La Levant Company, fondée en 1592 par une charte royale de la reine Élisabeth Ire d'Angleterre et disparue en 1825, est une compagnie commerciale britannique disposant pour ce pays du monopole du commerce en Méditerranée orientale (le Levant), principalement dans l'Empire ottoman. Elle est née de la fusion de deux compagnies dont les privilèges arrivaient à leur terme : la Venice Company (fondée 1583) et la Turkey Company (fondée 1581). C'est cette dernière qui a donné le surnom qui était utilisé pour désigner ses agents : les Turkey merchants. La charte accordée par la reine Élisabeth en 1592 fut renouvelée par Jacques VI et Ier en 1606. (fr) La Compagnia del Levante è una società commerciale riconosciuta e fondata nel 1581 dalla corona d'Inghilterra sotto il regno di Elisabetta I ed allora dotata di diritti esclusivi per il commercio con gran parte del mondo. Questa antenata delle odierne multinazionali svolse un compito molto importante nel processo di colonizzazione attuato nei secoli successivi dagli inglesi, oltre a consentire il mantenimento di buoni rapporti con altre popolazioni. Questo avvenne ad esempio nel caso del rapporto con l'Impero ottomano. La Compagnia del Levante supportò anche la corona francese nell'assumere un ruolo egemonico nel Medio oriente nel XIX secolo. (it) Левантийская компания (англ. Levant Company) или Турецкая компания (англ. Turkey Company) — английская торговая компания, созданная в 1592 году объединением Турецкой компании (1581) и Венецианской компании (1583), и получившая привилегии для торговых операций в Османской империи. В отличие от, например, Ост-Индской компании, Левантийская компания не являлась акционерной. Суть разницы состояла в том, что торговля шла не на акционерный капитал. В компанию после уплаты взноса допускалось любое лицо, удовлетворяющее определённым требованиям и согласное подчиняться правилам компании, причём каждый член вел торговлю на свой собственный капитал и риск. Из доходов Левантийской компании был составлен первоначальный капитал Ост-Индской Компании. (ru) 黎凡特公司（英語：Levant Company或Company of Turkey Merchants）是一家英格蘭特許公司。 (zh) |
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Dissolved by the Dissolution of Levant Company Act 1825 (c. 33 6 Geo. 4); consular establishments taken over by theBoard of Trade (en) |
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https://books.google.com/books%3Fid=4H2fESItCVIC http://www.aim25.ac.uk/cgi-bin/vcdf/detail%3Fcoll_id=18428&inst_id=118 https://archive.org/details/earlyhistoryofle00epstuoft%7Caccess-date=23 https://archive.org/details/earlyvoyagesand00bentgoog%7Cyear=1893%7Cpublisher=The https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.187679%7Caccess-date=23 https://archive.org/details/literatureoftrav0002unse/page/716/mode/1up https://archive.org/details/queenelizabethle00roseuoft%7Caccess-date=23 https://books.google.com/books%3Fid=VUERAQAAIAAJ%7Cyear=1893%7Cpublisher=B. https://books.google.com/books%3Fid=uJ58CgAAQBAJ%7Cdate=16 |
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1825-05-19 (xsd:date) |
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Turkish, Levantine, Venetian littoral (en) |
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Joint-stock capital company (en) |
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Dissolved by the Dissolution of Levant Company Act 1825 ; consular establishments taken over by the Board of Trade (en) |
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1592-09-11 (xsd:date) |
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Sir Edward Osborne (en) |
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Portrait in Turkish costume of Turkey merchant Francis Levett , chief representative of the Levant Company at Constantinople, 1737–1750. (en) |
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dbr:International_trade |
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dbr:Aleppo dbr:Ottoman_Empire London (en) |
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Levant Company (en) |
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Turkey Company (en) Venice Company (en) |
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Rum and spices; cloth: cottons and woollens, kerseys, indigo, gall, camlet; tin, pewter, maroquin, soda ash. (en) |
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Trade and commerce (en) |
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| rdfs:comment |
شركة المشرق، أو شركة تركيا، هي شركة إنجليزية ذات امتياز تأسست عام 1581، لتنظيم التجارة الإنجليزية مع تركيا في الشرق. أعضاء الشركة كانوا يعرفون باسم التاجر التركي. (ar) Η Αγγλική Εταιρεία της Ανατολής (αγγλικά: Levant Company, κατά κυριολεξία Εταιρεία του Λεβάντε, ή Τουρκική Εταιρεία) δημιουργήθηκε από τη βασίλισσα Ελισάβετ Α΄ με υποκινητές τους δύο Άγγλους εμπόρους, τον Σερ (Sir Edward Osborne) και τον (Richard Staper) το 1581, με στόχο να εξασφαλίσουν το μονοπώλιο του εμπορίου στα εδάφη της Οθωμανικής Αυτοκρατορίας. Είναι η περίοδος που η Οθωμανική Αυτοκρατορία ακμάζει, το κράτος εξαπλώνεται, οι πόλεμοι σταματούν, η κεντρική εξουσία είναι ισχυρή, το εμπόριο και η βιοτεχνία αναπτύσσονται και το νόμισμα είναι σταθερό. Οι κοινότητες των Άγγλων εμπόρων, οι οποίοι πολύ σύντομα έφτασαν στην Ανατολή δημιούργησαν εμπορικούς σταθμούς (ή εμπορικά κέντρα (factories) όπως τα ονόμαζαν) μέσα στα ήδη υπάρχοντα λιμάνια. (el) Levant Company war ein englisches Handelsunternehmen mit Firmensitz in London. Die Handelskompanie entstand 1592 durch die Verschmelzung der Turkey Company und der Venice Company und betrieb vorrangig Handel im östlichen Mittelmeerraum. Zu den Präsidenten des Unternehmens gehörten unter anderem der englische Kaufmann und . (de) The Levant Company was an English chartered company formed in 1592. Elizabeth I of England approved its initial charter on 11 September 1592 when the Venice Company (1583) and the Turkey Company (1581) merged, because their charters had expired, as she was eager to maintain trade and political alliances with the Ottoman Empire.Its initial charter was good for seven years and was granted to Edward Osborne, , Thomas Smith and with the purpose of regulating English trade with the Ottoman Empire and the Levant. The company remained in continuous existence until being superseded in 1825. A member of the company was known as a Turkey Merchant. (en) 黎凡特公司（英語：Levant Company或Company of Turkey Merchants）是一家英格蘭特許公司。 (zh) La Levant Company, fondée en 1592 par une charte royale de la reine Élisabeth Ire d'Angleterre et disparue en 1825, est une compagnie commerciale britannique disposant pour ce pays du monopole du commerce en Méditerranée orientale (le Levant), principalement dans l'Empire ottoman. Elle est née de la fusion de deux compagnies dont les privilèges arrivaient à leur terme : la Venice Company (fondée 1583) et la Turkey Company (fondée 1581). C'est cette dernière qui a donné le surnom qui était utilisé pour désigner ses agents : les Turkey merchants. (fr) La Compagnia del Levante è una società commerciale riconosciuta e fondata nel 1581 dalla corona d'Inghilterra sotto il regno di Elisabetta I ed allora dotata di diritti esclusivi per il commercio con gran parte del mondo. Questa antenata delle odierne multinazionali svolse un compito molto importante nel processo di colonizzazione attuato nei secoli successivi dagli inglesi, oltre a consentire il mantenimento di buoni rapporti con altre popolazioni. Questo avvenne ad esempio nel caso del rapporto con l'Impero ottomano. (it) Левантийская компания (англ. Levant Company) или Турецкая компания (англ. Turkey Company) — английская торговая компания, созданная в 1592 году объединением Турецкой компании (1581) и Венецианской компании (1583), и получившая привилегии для торговых операций в Османской империи. Из доходов Левантийской компании был составлен первоначальный капитал Ост-Индской Компании. (ru) |
| rdfs:label |
Levant Company (en) شركة المشرق (ar) Levant Company (de) Αγγλική Εταιρεία της Ανατολής (el) Levant Company (fr) Compagnia del Levante (it) Левантийская компания (ru) 黎凡特公司 (zh) |
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dbr:Old_China_Trade |
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dbr:John_Barker_(diplomat) |
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dbr:John_Barker_(diplomat) |
| is rdfs:seeAlso of |
dbr:China–United_Kingdom_relations |
| is foaf:primaryTopic of |
wikipedia-en:Levant_Company |
