USS Chesapeake (1799) (original) (raw)
Die USS Chesapeake war eine Segelfregatte der United States Navy während des amerikanisch-französischen Quasi-Krieges und des Britisch-Amerikanischen Krieges von 1812. Sie wurde 1813 von der Royal Navy aufgebracht.
| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| dbo:MeanOfTransportation/length | 46512.48 (dbd:millimetre) |
| dbo:abstract | Die USS Chesapeake war eine Segelfregatte der United States Navy während des amerikanisch-französischen Quasi-Krieges und des Britisch-Amerikanischen Krieges von 1812. Sie wurde 1813 von der Royal Navy aufgebracht. (de) Chesapeake adalah sebuah kapal fregat berbobot besar, berlambung kayu, bertiang tiga, dan bermeriam 38 pucuk, milik Angkatan Laut Amerika Serikat. Chesapeake termasuk salah satu dari enam fregat perdana yang dibangun atas amanat Undang-Undang Angkatan Laut Amerika Serikat tahun 1794. Keenam fregat ini dirancang oleh Joshua Humphreys untuk dijadikan kapal-kapal utama Angkatan Laut Amerika Serikat. Rancangan awal Chesapeake adalah rancangan fregat bermeriam 44 pucuk, tetapi diubah menjadi fregat bermeriam 38 pucuk oleh pembangun kapal, Josiah Fox, lantaran pengerjaannya yang tersendat-sendat, keterbatasan bahan baku, serta permasalahan anggaran. Selepas peluncuran perdana di Galangan Angkatan Laut Gosport pada tanggal 2 Desember 1799, Chesapeake digunakan dalam Perang Kuasi melawan Prancis, dan kelak digunakan pula dalam Perang Barbaria I. Pada tanggal 22 Juni 1807, Chesapeake ditembak kapal Angkatan Laut Inggris, HMS Leopard, karena menolak digeledah pasukan Inggris yang sedang memburu desertir. Peristiwa yang kini disebut insiden Chesapeake–Leopard ini menyulut kemarahan rakyat maupun pemerintah Amerika Serikat, dan menjadi salah satu penyebab meletusnya Perang 1812. Akibat lemahnya perlawanan Chesapeake dalam peristiwa ini, Komandan Kapal James Barron dimahkamahmiliterkan, dan setelah insiden ini Amerika Serikat mengesahkan Undang-Undang Embargo tahun 1807 terhadap Inggris Raya. Pada awal Perang 1812, Chesapeake berkesempatan melakukan satu kali pelayaran patroli dan merampas lima kapal niaga Inggris. Tak lama selepas bertolak dari Boston, Massachusetts, pada tanggal 1 Juni 1813, Chesapeake diserang dan dirampas oleh HMS Shannon. Chesapeake selanjutnya digunakan dalam dinas Angkatan Laut Inggris dengan nama HMS Chesapeake sampai dinonaktifkan, dijual, dan dibongkar pada tahun 1819. Balok-balok bekas bongkaran Chesapeake kini menjadi bagian dari bangunan Kilang Chesapeake di Wickham, Inggris. (in) L'USS Chesapeake était une frégate trois-mâts de 38 canons de l'United States Navy. Il s’agissait de l’une des six frégates originelles de l’US Navy dont la construction fut autorisée par le Naval Act of 1794. L'architecte de marine Joshua Humphreys a construit ces frégates afin d’en faire les navires capitaux de la jeune Navy. La Chesapeake devait en premier lieu être une frégate de 44 canons mais des retards de construction, le manque de matériel et des problèmes budgétaires ont obligé le charpentier de marine Josiah Fox à le modifier pour en faire un navire de 38 canons. L’USS Chesapeake fut lancée au chantier naval de Gosport le 2 décembre 1799 afin de participer directement à la quasi-guerre contre la France avant de prendre part à la première guerre barbaresque. Le 22 juin 1807, la frégate HMS Leopard de la Royal Navy a ouvert le feu sur la Chesapeake pour avoir refusé de se laisser aborder dans le cadre de la recherche de déserteurs. Cet événement a été nommé affaire Chesapeake-Leopard, irritant la population et le gouvernement américain et contribuant au déclenchement de la guerre anglo-américaine de 1812. Cette affaire eut pour autres conséquences le passage en cour martiale du capitaine de la Chesapeake, James Barron, ainsi que la proclamation des lois sur l'embargo contre la Grande-Bretagne. Au début de la guerre de 1812, la Chesapeake a effectué une patrouille au cours de laquelle elle a capturé cinq navires marchands avant de mettre le cap sur les États-Unis. Elle fut capturée le 1er juin 1813 par la HMS Shannon peu après son départ de Boston, dans le Massachusetts. La Royal Navy l’a intégrée à sa flotte comme HMS Chesapeake. Elle a servi dans la marine britannique de 1813 à son retrait du service en 1819. Le vaisseau fut vendu au prix du bois en 1820 et utilisé pour la construction du moulin à eau de Chesapeake Mill à Wickham en Angleterre. (fr) Chesapeake was a 38-gun wooden-hulled, three-masted heavy frigate of the United States Navy. She was one of the original six frigates whose construction was authorized by the Naval Act of 1794. Joshua Humphreys designed these frigates to be the young navy's capital ships. Chesapeake was originally designed as a 44-gun frigate, but construction delays, material shortages and budget problems caused builder Josiah Fox to alter his design to 38 guns. Launched at the Gosport Navy Yard on 2 December 1799, Chesapeake began her career during the Quasi-War with France and later saw service in the First Barbary War. On 22 June 1807 she was fired upon by HMS Leopard of the Royal Navy for refusing to allow a search for deserters. The event, now known as the Chesapeake–Leopard affair, angered the American public and government and was a precipitating factor that led to the War of 1812. As a result of the affair, Chesapeake's commanding officer, James Barron, was court-martialed and the United States instituted the Embargo Act of 1807 against the United Kingdom. Early in the War of 1812 she made one patrol and captured five British merchant ships. She was captured by HMS Shannon shortly after sailing from Boston, Massachusetts, on 1 June 1813. The Royal Navy took her into their service as HMS Chesapeake, where she served until she was broken up and her timbers sold in 1819. They gave form and structure to the Chesapeake Mill in Wickham, England. (en) La USS Chesapeake fu una fregata della marina degli Stati Uniti. La sua impostazione risale al 1798, ed il varo al 1799; è una delle sei fregate originarie autorizzate dal Congresso, insieme alle USS President, USS Congress, USS United States, USS Constellation e USS Constitution. Il nome è legato alla baia di Chesapeake, al largo della quale si svolse il 5 settembre 1781 una battaglia navale decisiva per la conclusione della guerra d'indipendenza americana. (it) De USS Chesapeake (1799) was een 38 kanonnen tellend fregat van de United States Navy tijdens de Quasi-oorlog en de Oorlog van 1812. De USS Chesapeake was een van de zes oorspronkelijke fregatten gebouwd als gevolg van de Marinewet van 1794. Het zeilschip werd het middelpunt van de Chesapeake-Leopard-zaak, toen het werd aangevallen, gepraaid en veroverd door de Britse HMS Leopard in 1807, nog vóór het uitbreken van de oorlog van 1812 tussen de Verenigde Staten en Groot-Brittannië. (nl) USS Chesapeake – trzymasztowa, żaglowa, uzbrojona w 38 dział ciężka fregata należąca do United States Navy. Była jedną z pierwszych sześciu fregat, które zostały zbudowane na polecenie Kongresu USA. Konstruktor wszystkich sześciu okrętów, Joshua Humphreys, zaprojektował je tak, by stanowiły główną siłę młodej floty. „Chesapeake” została pierwotnie zaprojektowana jako okręt 44-działowy, ale opóźnienia stoczni związane z brakami materiałowymi spowodowały, że budowniczy zdecydował o przeprojektowaniu na okręt 38-działowy. Zwodowana w Gosport Navy Yard 2 grudnia 1799 roku fregata rozpoczęła służbę w czasie quasi-wojny z Francją, a następnie brała udział w I wojnie berberyjskiej. 22 czerwca 1807 roku została ostrzelana przez należący do Royal Navy okręt HMS „Leopard” z powodu odmowy zgody na przeszukanie (Brytyjczycy szukali dezerterów). Wydarzenie to, znane jako incydent „Chesapeake”–„Leopard”, wzburzyło amerykańskie społeczeństwo i było jedną z przyczyn wybuchu wojny brytyjsko-amerykańskiej. Dla wyjaśnienia incydentu dowódca „Chesapeake”, James Barron, został postawiony przed sądem wojskowym, a Stany Zjednoczone wprowadziły embargo na handel z Wielką Brytanią. Na początku wojny fregata odbyła jeden patrol, zagarniając sześć brytyjskich statków handlowych. 1 czerwca 1813 roku, wkrótce po opuszczeniu portu w Bostonie, została zaatakowana i zdobyta przez HMS „Shannon”. Brytyjczycy wcielili okręt do Royal Navy pod nazwą HMS „Chesapeake”, gdzie służył do roku 1819, kiedy to został rozebrany. Sprzedane drewno posłużyło do budowy kilku domów w Portsmouth i Chesapeake Mill w Wickham, w Anglii. (pl) A USS Chesapeake foi uma fragata pesada de 38-canhões de casco de madeira, de três-mastros da Marinha dos Estados Unidos. Ela foi uma das seis fragatas originais cuja construção foi autorizada pelo ato naval de 1794. (pt) 切萨皮克号（USS Chesapeake）是隶属于美国海军的38门火炮三桅木质快速帆船。她是之一。这些护卫舰是由《》授权建造。设计了这些护卫舰，并把她们当做年轻的美国海军的主力战舰。 切萨皮克本被设计为44门火炮，但由于工期拖延、物资短缺和债务问题等原因，建造师只好将她改为38门炮。1799年12月2日下水，切萨皮克号在美法短暂冲突中开始服役，之后又见证了第一次巴巴里战争 。 1807年6月22日，切萨皮克号由于拒绝了英國皇家海軍的搜索逃兵请求而遭其炮击。这次事件现在被称作。它激怒了当时的美国民众和政府，成为后来的1812年战争的重要导火索。这次事件直接导致了切萨皮克号的指挥官詹姆斯·貝倫（James Barron）被军事法庭审判，以及美国联邦政府通過《1807年禁运法案》来对抗大英帝国。 在1812年战争的早期，切萨皮克号进行了一次巡航并俘获了五艘英国商船。但在不久以后的1813年6月1日，她从马萨诸塞州的波士顿港出发不久后就被皇家海军的（Shannon）俘获。随后，USS切萨皮克号更名为HMS切萨皮克号为皇家海军服务，直至1820年她彻底损坏为止。她的木材被出售，这些木材现今仍作为英格兰的一部分。 (zh) |
| dbo:acquirementDate | 1813-06-01 (xsd:date) |
| dbo:builder | dbr:Josiah_Fox |
| dbo:captureDate | 1813-06-01 (xsd:date) |
| dbo:commissioningDate | 1800-05-22 (xsd:date) |
| dbo:cost | 220677.0 (dbd:usDollar) |
| dbo:country | dbr:United_Kingdom_of_Great_Britain_and_Ireland |
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| dbo:orderDate | 1794-03-27 (xsd:date) |
| dbo:shipBeam | 12.588240 (xsd:double) |
| dbo:shipDraft | 6.096000 (xsd:double) |
| dbo:shipLaunch | 1799-12-02 (xsd:date) |
| dbo:status | Sold for timber |
| dbo:thumbnail | wiki-commons:Special:FilePath/USSChesapeake.jpg?width=300 |
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| dbp:align | left (en) |
| dbp:caption | Broke leads the boarding party aboard Chesapeake (en) George Cruikshank portrayed the Americans as hapless and cowardly (en) |
| dbp:direction | vertical (en) |
| dbp:header | Contrasting impressions of the taking of Chesapeake (en) |
| dbp:headerCaption | (en) |
| dbp:hideHeader | title (en) |
| dbp:image | M Dubourg, Boarding and Taking the American Ship Chesapeake, by the Officers and Crew of H.M. Ship Shannon, Commanded by Capt. Broke, June 1813 .jpg (en) British valour and Yankee boasting or, Shannon versus Chesapeake by George Cruikshank.jpg (en) |
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| dbp:shipArmament | *29 × 18-pounder long guns * 18 × 32-pounder carronades * 2 × 12-pounder long guns * 1 × 12-pounder carronade (en) |
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| dbp:shipFate | Sold for timber (en) |
| dbp:shipLaidDown | December 1795 (en) |
| dbp:shipLaunched | 1799-12-02 (xsd:date) |
| dbp:shipLength | lpp (en) |
| dbp:shipName | USS Chesapeake (en) HMS Chesapeake (en) |
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| dbp:shipOrdered | 1794-03-27 (xsd:date) |
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| rdfs:comment | Die USS Chesapeake war eine Segelfregatte der United States Navy während des amerikanisch-französischen Quasi-Krieges und des Britisch-Amerikanischen Krieges von 1812. Sie wurde 1813 von der Royal Navy aufgebracht. (de) La USS Chesapeake fu una fregata della marina degli Stati Uniti. La sua impostazione risale al 1798, ed il varo al 1799; è una delle sei fregate originarie autorizzate dal Congresso, insieme alle USS President, USS Congress, USS United States, USS Constellation e USS Constitution. Il nome è legato alla baia di Chesapeake, al largo della quale si svolse il 5 settembre 1781 una battaglia navale decisiva per la conclusione della guerra d'indipendenza americana. (it) De USS Chesapeake (1799) was een 38 kanonnen tellend fregat van de United States Navy tijdens de Quasi-oorlog en de Oorlog van 1812. De USS Chesapeake was een van de zes oorspronkelijke fregatten gebouwd als gevolg van de Marinewet van 1794. Het zeilschip werd het middelpunt van de Chesapeake-Leopard-zaak, toen het werd aangevallen, gepraaid en veroverd door de Britse HMS Leopard in 1807, nog vóór het uitbreken van de oorlog van 1812 tussen de Verenigde Staten en Groot-Brittannië. (nl) A USS Chesapeake foi uma fragata pesada de 38-canhões de casco de madeira, de três-mastros da Marinha dos Estados Unidos. Ela foi uma das seis fragatas originais cuja construção foi autorizada pelo ato naval de 1794. (pt) 切萨皮克号（USS Chesapeake）是隶属于美国海军的38门火炮三桅木质快速帆船。她是之一。这些护卫舰是由《》授权建造。设计了这些护卫舰，并把她们当做年轻的美国海军的主力战舰。 切萨皮克本被设计为44门火炮，但由于工期拖延、物资短缺和债务问题等原因，建造师只好将她改为38门炮。1799年12月2日下水，切萨皮克号在美法短暂冲突中开始服役，之后又见证了第一次巴巴里战争 。 1807年6月22日，切萨皮克号由于拒绝了英國皇家海軍的搜索逃兵请求而遭其炮击。这次事件现在被称作。它激怒了当时的美国民众和政府，成为后来的1812年战争的重要导火索。这次事件直接导致了切萨皮克号的指挥官詹姆斯·貝倫（James Barron）被军事法庭审判，以及美国联邦政府通過《1807年禁运法案》来对抗大英帝国。 在1812年战争的早期，切萨皮克号进行了一次巡航并俘获了五艘英国商船。但在不久以后的1813年6月1日，她从马萨诸塞州的波士顿港出发不久后就被皇家海军的（Shannon）俘获。随后，USS切萨皮克号更名为HMS切萨皮克号为皇家海军服务，直至1820年她彻底损坏为止。她的木材被出售，这些木材现今仍作为英格兰的一部分。 (zh) L'USS Chesapeake était une frégate trois-mâts de 38 canons de l'United States Navy. Il s’agissait de l’une des six frégates originelles de l’US Navy dont la construction fut autorisée par le Naval Act of 1794. L'architecte de marine Joshua Humphreys a construit ces frégates afin d’en faire les navires capitaux de la jeune Navy. La Chesapeake devait en premier lieu être une frégate de 44 canons mais des retards de construction, le manque de matériel et des problèmes budgétaires ont obligé le charpentier de marine Josiah Fox à le modifier pour en faire un navire de 38 canons. L’USS Chesapeake fut lancée au chantier naval de Gosport le 2 décembre 1799 afin de participer directement à la quasi-guerre contre la France avant de prendre part à la première guerre barbaresque. (fr) Chesapeake adalah sebuah kapal fregat berbobot besar, berlambung kayu, bertiang tiga, dan bermeriam 38 pucuk, milik Angkatan Laut Amerika Serikat. Chesapeake termasuk salah satu dari enam fregat perdana yang dibangun atas amanat Undang-Undang Angkatan Laut Amerika Serikat tahun 1794. Keenam fregat ini dirancang oleh Joshua Humphreys untuk dijadikan kapal-kapal utama Angkatan Laut Amerika Serikat. Rancangan awal Chesapeake adalah rancangan fregat bermeriam 44 pucuk, tetapi diubah menjadi fregat bermeriam 38 pucuk oleh pembangun kapal, Josiah Fox, lantaran pengerjaannya yang tersendat-sendat, keterbatasan bahan baku, serta permasalahan anggaran. Selepas peluncuran perdana di Galangan Angkatan Laut Gosport pada tanggal 2 Desember 1799, Chesapeake digunakan dalam Perang Kuasi melawan Prancis, (in) Chesapeake was a 38-gun wooden-hulled, three-masted heavy frigate of the United States Navy. She was one of the original six frigates whose construction was authorized by the Naval Act of 1794. Joshua Humphreys designed these frigates to be the young navy's capital ships. Chesapeake was originally designed as a 44-gun frigate, but construction delays, material shortages and budget problems caused builder Josiah Fox to alter his design to 38 guns. Launched at the Gosport Navy Yard on 2 December 1799, Chesapeake began her career during the Quasi-War with France and later saw service in the First Barbary War. (en) USS Chesapeake – trzymasztowa, żaglowa, uzbrojona w 38 dział ciężka fregata należąca do United States Navy. Była jedną z pierwszych sześciu fregat, które zostały zbudowane na polecenie Kongresu USA. Konstruktor wszystkich sześciu okrętów, Joshua Humphreys, zaprojektował je tak, by stanowiły główną siłę młodej floty. „Chesapeake” została pierwotnie zaprojektowana jako okręt 44-działowy, ale opóźnienia stoczni związane z brakami materiałowymi spowodowały, że budowniczy zdecydował o przeprojektowaniu na okręt 38-działowy. Zwodowana w Gosport Navy Yard 2 grudnia 1799 roku fregata rozpoczęła służbę w czasie quasi-wojny z Francją, a następnie brała udział w I wojnie berberyjskiej. (pl) |
| rdfs:label | USS Chesapeake (1799) (de) USS Chesapeake (1799) (fr) USS Chesapeake (1799) (in) USS Chesapeake (1799) (it) USS Chesapeake (1799) (pl) USS Chesapeake (1799) (nl) USS Chesapeake (1799) (pt) USS Chesapeake (1799) (en) 切萨皮克号护卫舰 (1799) (zh) |
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