Fourth Republic of Korea (original) (raw)
Republik Keempat (Hangul: 제4공화국; Hanja: 第四共和國; RR: Je-sa Gonghwaguk) adalah pemerintahan Korea Selatan antara 1972 dan 1981, yang diatur oleh Konstitusi Yusin yang diadopsi pada Oktober 1972 dan dikonfirmasi dalam sebuah referendum pada 21 November 1972. Dari 1972 sampai 1979, kekuasaan dimonopolisasi oleh Park Chung Hee dan pimpinannya di bawah otoritarian "Sistem Yusin" yang sangat tersentralisasi/ Dengan pada 26 Oktober 1979, Republik memasuki periode ketegangan dan transisi di bawah kepresidenan nominal yang berjangka pendek Choi Kyu-hah, yang berkuasa di bawah keadaan darurat militer dan menghadapi , kekerasan tak terbendung dari dan penindasan bersenjatanya, dan kepresidenan Chun Doo-hwan, dan pada akhirnya transisi menuju Republik Kelima di bawah kepemimpinan Chun pada 1981.
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| dbo:abstract | La Cuarta República de Corea del Sur (en hangul, 제4공화국; en hanja, 第四共和國) fue el gobierno de Corea del Sur entre 1972 y 1981, regulado por la Constitución Yushin (en hangul, 유신 헌법; en hanja, 維新憲法; romanización revisada del coreano, Yusin Heonbeop; McCune-Reischauer, Yusin Hŏnpŏp), que se adoptó en octubre de 1972 y fue ratificada por los ciudadanos el 21 de noviembre de 1972. De 1972 a 1979, el poder estuvo monopolizado por un régimen de partido único, el Partido Democrático Republicano, y su líder, Park Chung-hee, presidente de la República, de forma centralizada mediante el llamado "Sistema Yushin", de tipo dictatorial. Con el asesinato de Park el 26 de octubre de 1979, la República entró en un período de tumulto y transición bajo la presidencia de jure de Choi Kyu-hah, caracterizada por una ley marcial en constante aumento y durante la cual ocurrió el golpe de Estado del 12 de diciembre de 1979, el seguimiento masivo del Movimiento Democrático de Gwanju y su posterior represión y el golpe de Estado del 17 de mayo de 1980. Finalmente, Chun Doo-hwan se hizo con la presidencia; con él, se dio la transición a la Quinta República, también dictatorial y durante la cual siguió siendo presidente, en 1981. (es) The fourth Republic of Korea (Korean: 제4공화국; Hanja: 第四共和國; RR: Je-sa Gonghwaguk) was the government of South Korea from November 1972 to March 1981. The Fourth republic was founded on the approval of the Yushin Constitution in the 1972 constitutional referendum, codifying the de facto dictatorial powers held by President Park Chung-hee, and succeeding the third republic. Park and his Democratic Republican Party ruled under the centralized and authoritarian Yushin System until the assassination of Park on 26 October 1979. The Fourth Republic entered a period of political instability under Park's successor, Choi Kyu-hah, and the escalating martial law declared after Park's death. Choi was unofficially overthrown by Chun Doo-hwan in the coup d'état of December Twelfth in December 1979, and began the armed suppression of the Gwangju Democratization Movement against martial law. Chun launched the coup d'état of May Seventeenth in May 1980, establishing a military dictatorship under the National Council for Reunification and dissolving the National Assembly, and was elected president by the council in the August 1980 presidential election. The Fourth republic was dissolved on the adoption of a new constitution in March 1981 and replaced with the Fifth Republic of Korea. (en) Republik Keempat (Hangul: 제4공화국; Hanja: 第四共和國; RR: Je-sa Gonghwaguk) adalah pemerintahan Korea Selatan antara 1972 dan 1981, yang diatur oleh Konstitusi Yusin yang diadopsi pada Oktober 1972 dan dikonfirmasi dalam sebuah referendum pada 21 November 1972. Dari 1972 sampai 1979, kekuasaan dimonopolisasi oleh Park Chung Hee dan pimpinannya di bawah otoritarian "Sistem Yusin" yang sangat tersentralisasi/ Dengan pada 26 Oktober 1979, Republik memasuki periode ketegangan dan transisi di bawah kepresidenan nominal yang berjangka pendek Choi Kyu-hah, yang berkuasa di bawah keadaan darurat militer dan menghadapi , kekerasan tak terbendung dari dan penindasan bersenjatanya, dan kepresidenan Chun Doo-hwan, dan pada akhirnya transisi menuju Republik Kelima di bawah kepemimpinan Chun pada 1981. (in) 대한민국 제4공화국(大韓民國第四共和國)은 1972년 10월 유신으로 수립된 대한민국의 네 번째 공화 헌정 체제이다. 유신 체제로 불리기도 하는 대통령 1인 독재 체제였다. 1972년 7·4 남북 공동 성명을 이용하여 10월 17일, 당시 헌법을 개정하면서까지 장기 집권을 추구하던 대통령 박정희는 전국에 비상계엄령을 선포하고 국회 해산, 정당 활동 중지, 일부 헌법의 효력 정지 등의 비상조치를 발표하고 통일주체국민회의를 구성했다. 11월 21일 국민 투표로 유신 헌법을 확정하였고, 12월 23일 대통령으로 박정희를 선출, 27일 취임했다. 이것이 10월 유신으로 이 시기를 유신 시대라 부르기도 한다. 제4공화국 정부는 10·26 사건이 일어나 막을 내렸다. (ko) 第四共和国（だいよんきょうわこく）は、現代韓国史を憲法で区分した一時期である。朴正煕時代の後期、1972年10月17日から1979年10月26日までを指し、維新体制とも呼ばれる。 (ja) A Quarta República da Coreia (hangul: 제4공화국; hanja: 第四共和國; rr: Je-sa Gonghwaguk) foi o governo oficial da Coreia do Sul que perdurou de novembro de 1972 até março de 1981. A quarta república foi fundada com a aprovação da Constituição de Yushin após a passagem do referendo constitucional de 1972, codificando os poderes de facto ditatoriais do Presidente Park Chung-hee, sucedendo a Terceira República. Park e seu partido centralizaram de forma autoritária o poder até o assassinato do presidente Park em 26 de outubro de 1979. A quarta república entrou em um período de instabilidade no governo do sucessor de Park, Choi Kyu-hah, e escalou até a lei marcial ter sido declarada. Choi foi não oficialmente derrubado do poder por Chun Doo-hwan no Golpe de Estado de 12 de Dezembro de 1979 e se iniciou a repressão armada do Movimento Democrático de Gwangju que lutava contra a lei marcial. Chun lançou então o Golpe de Estado de 17 de Maio de 1980, estabelecendo uma ditadura militar sob o Conselho Nacional para a Reunificação e dissolvendo a Assembleia Nacional e foi eleito presidente na eleição de agosto de 1980. A quarta república foi dissolvida com a adoção de uma nova constituição em março de 1981 e foi substituída pela . (pt) 第四共和國（朝鮮語：제4공화국／第四共和國），是1972年至1981年3月間統治大韓民國的政府。時任韓國總統朴正熙1971年第三度當選總統後，於1972年再次發動軍事政變解散國會，實行「維新憲法」，建立「第四共和國」，總統以及三分之一的國會議員由「統一主體國民會議」選舉團產生，同時廢除總統的連任限制。朴正熙透過「維新憲法」，使自己成為終身總統，全面實施及加強獨裁統治。 1979年10月26日朴正熙被刺杀身亡，結束他長達十八年的獨裁統治，時任總理崔圭夏繼任總統，不久陸軍少將全斗煥於12月12日發動「雙十二政變」，掌握國家的軍政大權，其後血腥鎮壓「光州事件」，總統崔圭夏被迫下台，韓國進入「第五共和國」時期，全斗煥展開其近八年的獨裁統治。 (zh) Четвёртая республика Южной Кореи — правительство, руководившее страной в период с 1972 до 1981 года. Президентом страны во время Четвёртой республики был Пак Чон Хи. Четвёртая республика началась с принятия конституции Юсин на референдуме 21 ноября 1972 года. Новая конституция давала президенту фактический контроль над парламентом. Боясь возможной отставки, Пак вводил чрезвычайное положение в 1974 и 1975 годах, что привело к аресту сотен диссидентов. (ru) |
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| rdfs:comment | Republik Keempat (Hangul: 제4공화국; Hanja: 第四共和國; RR: Je-sa Gonghwaguk) adalah pemerintahan Korea Selatan antara 1972 dan 1981, yang diatur oleh Konstitusi Yusin yang diadopsi pada Oktober 1972 dan dikonfirmasi dalam sebuah referendum pada 21 November 1972. Dari 1972 sampai 1979, kekuasaan dimonopolisasi oleh Park Chung Hee dan pimpinannya di bawah otoritarian "Sistem Yusin" yang sangat tersentralisasi/ Dengan pada 26 Oktober 1979, Republik memasuki periode ketegangan dan transisi di bawah kepresidenan nominal yang berjangka pendek Choi Kyu-hah, yang berkuasa di bawah keadaan darurat militer dan menghadapi , kekerasan tak terbendung dari dan penindasan bersenjatanya, dan kepresidenan Chun Doo-hwan, dan pada akhirnya transisi menuju Republik Kelima di bawah kepemimpinan Chun pada 1981. (in) 대한민국 제4공화국(大韓民國第四共和國)은 1972년 10월 유신으로 수립된 대한민국의 네 번째 공화 헌정 체제이다. 유신 체제로 불리기도 하는 대통령 1인 독재 체제였다. 1972년 7·4 남북 공동 성명을 이용하여 10월 17일, 당시 헌법을 개정하면서까지 장기 집권을 추구하던 대통령 박정희는 전국에 비상계엄령을 선포하고 국회 해산, 정당 활동 중지, 일부 헌법의 효력 정지 등의 비상조치를 발표하고 통일주체국민회의를 구성했다. 11월 21일 국민 투표로 유신 헌법을 확정하였고, 12월 23일 대통령으로 박정희를 선출, 27일 취임했다. 이것이 10월 유신으로 이 시기를 유신 시대라 부르기도 한다. 제4공화국 정부는 10·26 사건이 일어나 막을 내렸다. (ko) 第四共和国（だいよんきょうわこく）は、現代韓国史を憲法で区分した一時期である。朴正煕時代の後期、1972年10月17日から1979年10月26日までを指し、維新体制とも呼ばれる。 (ja) 第四共和國（朝鮮語：제4공화국／第四共和國），是1972年至1981年3月間統治大韓民國的政府。時任韓國總統朴正熙1971年第三度當選總統後，於1972年再次發動軍事政變解散國會，實行「維新憲法」，建立「第四共和國」，總統以及三分之一的國會議員由「統一主體國民會議」選舉團產生，同時廢除總統的連任限制。朴正熙透過「維新憲法」，使自己成為終身總統，全面實施及加強獨裁統治。 1979年10月26日朴正熙被刺杀身亡，結束他長達十八年的獨裁統治，時任總理崔圭夏繼任總統，不久陸軍少將全斗煥於12月12日發動「雙十二政變」，掌握國家的軍政大權，其後血腥鎮壓「光州事件」，總統崔圭夏被迫下台，韓國進入「第五共和國」時期，全斗煥展開其近八年的獨裁統治。 (zh) Четвёртая республика Южной Кореи — правительство, руководившее страной в период с 1972 до 1981 года. Президентом страны во время Четвёртой республики был Пак Чон Хи. Четвёртая республика началась с принятия конституции Юсин на референдуме 21 ноября 1972 года. Новая конституция давала президенту фактический контроль над парламентом. Боясь возможной отставки, Пак вводил чрезвычайное положение в 1974 и 1975 годах, что привело к аресту сотен диссидентов. (ru) The fourth Republic of Korea (Korean: 제4공화국; Hanja: 第四共和國; RR: Je-sa Gonghwaguk) was the government of South Korea from November 1972 to March 1981. The Fourth republic was founded on the approval of the Yushin Constitution in the 1972 constitutional referendum, codifying the de facto dictatorial powers held by President Park Chung-hee, and succeeding the third republic. Park and his Democratic Republican Party ruled under the centralized and authoritarian Yushin System until the assassination of Park on 26 October 1979. The Fourth Republic entered a period of political instability under Park's successor, Choi Kyu-hah, and the escalating martial law declared after Park's death. Choi was unofficially overthrown by Chun Doo-hwan in the coup d'état of December Twelfth in December 1979, and be (en) La Cuarta República de Corea del Sur (en hangul, 제4공화국; en hanja, 第四共和國) fue el gobierno de Corea del Sur entre 1972 y 1981, regulado por la Constitución Yushin (en hangul, 유신 헌법; en hanja, 維新憲法; romanización revisada del coreano, Yusin Heonbeop; McCune-Reischauer, Yusin Hŏnpŏp), que se adoptó en octubre de 1972 y fue ratificada por los ciudadanos el 21 de noviembre de 1972. De 1972 a 1979, el poder estuvo monopolizado por un régimen de partido único, el Partido Democrático Republicano, y su líder, Park Chung-hee, presidente de la República, de forma centralizada mediante el llamado "Sistema Yushin", de tipo dictatorial. Con el asesinato de Park el 26 de octubre de 1979, la República entró en un período de tumulto y transición bajo la presidencia de jure de Choi Kyu-hah, caracterizada por (es) A Quarta República da Coreia (hangul: 제4공화국; hanja: 第四共和國; rr: Je-sa Gonghwaguk) foi o governo oficial da Coreia do Sul que perdurou de novembro de 1972 até março de 1981. A quarta república foi fundada com a aprovação da Constituição de Yushin após a passagem do referendo constitucional de 1972, codificando os poderes de facto ditatoriais do Presidente Park Chung-hee, sucedendo a Terceira República. Park e seu partido centralizaram de forma autoritária o poder até o assassinato do presidente Park em 26 de outubro de 1979. A quarta república entrou em um período de instabilidade no governo do sucessor de Park, Choi Kyu-hah, e escalou até a lei marcial ter sido declarada. Choi foi não oficialmente derrubado do poder por Chun Doo-hwan no Golpe de Estado de 12 de Dezembro de 1979 e se iniciou (pt) |
| rdfs:label | Fourth Republic of Korea (en) Cuarta República de Corea del Sur (es) Republik Korea Keempat (in) 대한민국 제4공화국 (ko) 第四共和国 (大韓民国) (ja) Quarta República da Coreia do Sul (pt) Четвёртая республика Южной Кореи (ru) 第四共和國 (大韓民國) (zh) |
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