Sequential control of Toll-like receptor–dependent responses by IRAK1 and IRAK2 (original) (raw)

• Akira, S., Uematsu, S. & Takeuchi, O. Pathogen recognition and innate immunity. Cell 124, 783–801 (2006).
  Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
• Janeway, C.A., Jr. & Medzhitov, R. Innate immune recognition. Annu. Rev. Immunol. 20, 197–216 (2002).
  Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
• Beutler, B. Inferences, questions and possibilities in Toll-like receptor signalling. Nature 430, 257–263 (2004).
  Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
• Adachi, O. et al. Targeted disruption of the MyD88 gene results in loss of IL-1- and IL-18-mediated function. Immunity 9, 143–150 (1998).
  Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
• Kawai, T., Adachi, O., Ogawa, T., Takeda, K. & Akira, S. Unresponsiveness of MyD88-deficient mice to endotoxin. Immunity 11, 115–122 (1999).
  Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
• Fitzgerald, K.A. et al. Mal (MyD88-adapter-like) is required for Toll-like receptor-4 signal transduction. Nature 413, 78–83 (2001).
  Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
• Horng, T., Barton, G.M. & Medzhitov, R. TIRAP: an adapter molecule in the Toll signaling pathway. Nat. Immunol. 2, 835–841 (2001).
  Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
• Horng, T., Barton, G.M., Flavell, R.A. & Medzhitov, R. The adaptor molecule TIRAP provides signalling specificity for Toll-like receptors. Nature 420, 329–333 (2002).
  Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
• Yamamoto, M. et al. Essential role for TIRAP in activation of the signalling cascade shared by TLR2 and TLR4. Nature 420, 324–329 (2002).
  Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
• Hoebe, K. et al. Identification of Lps2 as a key transducer of MyD88-independent TIR signalling. Nature 424, 743–748 (2003).
  Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
• Oshiumi, H., Matsumoto, M., Funami, K., Akazawa, T. & Seya, T. TICAM-1, an adaptor molecule that participates in Toll-like receptor 3-mediated interferon-β induction. Nat. Immunol. 4, 161–167 (2003).
  Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
• Yamamoto, M. et al. Role of adaptor TRIF in the MyD88-independent toll-like receptor signaling pathway. Science 301, 640–643 (2003).
  Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
• Kagan, J.C. et al. TRAM couples endocytosis of Toll-like receptor 4 to the induction of interferon-β. Nat. Immunol. 9, 361–368 (2008).
  Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
• Fitzgerald, K.A. et al. LPS-TLR4 signaling to IRF-3/7 and NF-κB involves the toll adapters TRAM and TRIF. J. Exp. Med. 198, 1043–1055 (2003).
  Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
• Yamamoto, M. et al. TRAM is specifically involved in the Toll-like receptor 4–mediated MyD88-independent signaling pathway. Nat. Immunol. 4, 1144–1150 (2003).
  Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
• Janssens, S. & Beyaert, R. Functional diversity and regulation of different interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase (IRAK) family members. Mol. Cell 11, 293–302 (2003).
  Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
• Suzuki, N. et al. Severe impairment of interleukin-1 and Toll-like receptor signalling in mice lacking IRAK-4. Nature 416, 750–756 (2002).
  Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
• Suzuki, N. et al. IL-1R-associated kinase 4 is required for lipopolysaccharide-induced activation of APC. J. Immunol. 171, 6065–6071 (2003).
  Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
• Honda, K. et al. Role of a transductional-transcriptional processor complex involving MyD88 and IRF-7 in Toll-like receptor signaling. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 101, 15416–15421 (2004).
  Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
• Koziczak-Holbro, M. et al. IRAK-4 kinase activity is required for interleukin-1 (IL-1) receptor- and toll-like receptor 7-mediated signaling and gene expression. J. Biol. Chem. 282, 13552–13560 (2007).
  Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
• Kim, T.W. et al. A critical role for IRAK4 kinase activity in Toll-like receptor-mediated innate immunity. J. Exp. Med. 204, 1025–1036 (2007).
  Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
• Kawagoe, T. et al. Essential role of IRAK-4 protein and its kinase activity in Toll-like receptor-mediated immune responses but not in TCR signaling. J. Exp. Med. 204, 1013–1024 (2007).
  Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
• Picard, C. et al. Pyogenic bacterial infections in humans with IRAK-4 deficiency. Science 299, 2076–2079 (2003).
  Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
• Medvedev, A.E. et al. Cutting edge: expression of IL-1 receptor-associated kinase-4 (IRAK-4) proteins with mutations identified in a patient with recurrent bacterial infections alters normal IRAK-4 interaction with components of the IL-1 receptor complex. J. Immunol. 174, 6587–6591 (2005).
  Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
• Yang, K. et al. Human TLR-7-, -8-, and -9-mediated induction of IFN-α/β and -λ is IRAK-4 dependent and redundant for protective immunity to viruses. Immunity 23, 465–478 (2005).
  Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
• Ku, C.L. et al. Selective predisposition to bacterial infections in IRAK-4-deficient children: IRAK-4-dependent TLRs are otherwise redundant in protective immunity. J. Exp. Med. 204, 2407–2422 (2007).
  Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
• Kobayashi, K. et al. IRAK-M is a negative regulator of Toll-like receptor signaling. Cell 110, 191–202 (2002).
  Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
• Croston, G.E., Cao, Z. & Goeddel, D.V. NF-κB activation by interleukin-1 (IL-1) requires an IL-1 receptor-associated protein kinase activity. J. Biol. Chem. 270, 16514–16517 (1995).
  Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
• Kanakaraj, P. et al. Interleukin (IL)-1 receptor-associated kinase (IRAK) requirement for optimal induction of multiple IL-1 signaling pathways and IL-6 production. J. Exp. Med. 187, 2073–2079 (1998).
  Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
• Thomas, J.A. et al. Impaired cytokine signaling in mice lacking the IL-1 receptor-associated kinase. J. Immunol. 163, 978–984 (1999).
  CAS PubMed Google Scholar
• Uematsu, S. et al. Interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase-1 plays an essential role for Toll-like receptor (TLR)7- and TLR9-mediated interferon-α induction. J. Exp. Med. 201, 915–923 (2005).
  Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
• Muzio, M., Ni, J., Feng, P. & Dixit, V.M. IRAK (Pelle) family member IRAK-2 and MyD88 as proximal mediators of IL-1 signaling. Science 278, 1612–1615 (1997).
  Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
• Hardy, M.P. & O'Neill, L.A. The murine IRAK2 gene encodes four alternatively spliced isoforms, two of which are inhibitory. J. Biol. Chem. 279, 27699–27708 (2004).
  Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
• Keating, S.E., Maloney, G.M., Moran, E.M. & Bowie, A.G. IRAK-2 participates in multiple toll-like receptor signaling pathways to NFκB via activation of TRAF6 ubiquitination. J. Biol. Chem. 282, 33435–33443 (2007).
  Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
• Wesche, H. et al. IRAK-M is a novel member of the Pelle/interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase (IRAK) family. J. Biol. Chem. 274, 19403–19410 (1999).
  Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
• Yamin, T.T. & Miller, D.K. The interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase is degraded by proteasomes following its phosphorylation. J. Biol. Chem. 272, 21540–21547 (1997).
  Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
• Li, X. et al. Mutant cells that do not respond to interleukin-1 (IL-1) reveal a novel role for IL-1 receptor-associated kinase. Mol. Cell. Biol. 19, 4643–4652 (1999).
  Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
• Swantek, J.L., Tsen, M.F., Cobb, M.H. & Thomas, J.A. IL-1 receptor-associated kinase modulates host responsiveness to endotoxin. J. Immunol. 164, 4301–4306 (2000).
  Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
• Li, S., Strelow, A., Fontana, E.J. & Wesche, H. IRAK-4: a novel member of the IRAK family with the properties of an IRAK-kinase. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 99, 5567–5572 (2002).
  Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
• Knop, J. & Martin, M.U. Effects of IL-1 receptor-associated kinase (IRAK) expression on IL-1 signaling are independent of its kinase activity. FEBS Lett. 448, 81–85 (1999).
  Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
• Maschera, B., Ray, K., Burns, K. & Volpe, F. Overexpression of an enzymically inactive interleukin-1-receptor-associated kinase activates nuclear factor-κB. Biochem. J. 339, 227–231 (1999).
  Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
• Li, X., Commane, M., Jiang, Z. & Stark, G.R. IL-1-induced NFκB and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) activation diverge at IL-1 receptor-associated kinase (IRAK). Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 98, 4461–4465 (2001).
  Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
• Jensen, L.E. & Whitehead, A.S. IRAK1b, a novel alternative splice variant of interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase (IRAK), mediates interleukin-1 signaling and has prolonged stability. J. Biol. Chem. 276, 29037–29044 (2001).
  Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
• Rechsteiner, M. & Rogers, S.W. PEST sequences and regulation by proteolysis. Trends Biochem. Sci. 21, 267–271 (1996).
  Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
• Takeuchi, O. et al. Cutting edge: preferentially the R-stereoisomer of the mycoplasmal lipopeptide macrophage-activating lipopeptide-2 activates immune cells through a toll-like receptor 2- and MyD88-dependent signaling pathway. J. Immunol. 164, 554–557 (2000).
  Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
• Hemmi, H. et al. Toll-like receptor recognizes bacterial DNA. Nature 408, 740–745 (2000).
  Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
• Sato, S. et al. A variety of microbial components induce tolerance to lipopolysaccharide by differentially affecting MyD88-dependent and -independent pathways. Int. Immunol. 14, 783–791 (2002).
  Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
• Barton, G.M., Kagan, J.C. & Medzhitov, R. Intracellular localization of Toll-like receptor 9 prevents recognition of self DNA but facilitates access to viral DNA. Nat. Immunol. 7, 49–56 (2006).
  Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar