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annus
出典:『Wiktionary』 (2026/03/24 23:26 UTC 版)
語源
Proposed to derive from Proto-Italic *atnos, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ét-no-, probably from *h₂et- (“to go”). Cognate with Oscan akno- (“year, holiday, time of offering”); Umbrian acnu (“years”); and Gothic *𐌰𐌸𐌽 (*aþn) or *𐌰𐌸𐌽𐍃 (*aþns, “year”), attested in 𐌰𐍄𐌰𐌸𐌽𐌹 (ataþni, “year”).
For the root, compare Sanskrit अतति (atati, “he wanders, goes”). For a comparable case of *-tn- yielding a geminate -nn-, see penna (“feather”), from Proto-Italic *petnā.
発音
- (Classical Latin) IPA: [ˈan.nʊs]
- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: [ˈan.nus]
使用する際の注意点
- For the changing Roman conceptions of the year over time, see Roman calendar on Wikipedia.
- For ways to say one's age, Romans favoured inclusive counting (homō trīgintā annōrum meaning "a man at the 30th year [of his life]", i.e. 29-years-old). To say how old one is, some formulae are attested:
- genitive: homō trīgintā annōrum (literally, "a man of thirty years")
- adjectival: homō trīcennis (literally, "a thirty-years-old man")
- span of time with verb nāscor (“to be born”): homō trīgintā annōs nātus (literally, "a man who has been born for thirty years", i.e. "a man who was born thirty years ago")
語形変化
Second-declension noun.
派生語
- ad annum
- annālis
- anniculus
- annifer
- anniperennāns
- anniversārius
- annōna
- annōsus
- annōtinus
- annuālis
- annus solidus
- annuus
- biennālis
- biennis
- biennium
- centennis
- centennium
- decennalis
- decennis
- decennium
- duodecennis
- duodecennium
- in annum
- millennium
- novennis
- novennium
- octennis
- octennium
- perennis
- plūrennis
- quadrennālis
- quadrennium
- quadriennis
- quīnquennālis
- quinquennis
- quīnquennium
- quotennis
- sedecennis
- septuennis
- septuennium
- sexennis
- sexennium
- sine anno
- tredecennis
- tredecennium
- tredennis
- tricennālis
- tricennis
- tricennium
- triennis
- triennium
- vicennālis
- vicennis
- vicennium
派生した語
- Insular Romance:
- Sardinian: annu
- Balkano-Romance:
- Italo-Dalmatian:
- Rhaeto-Romance:
- Gallo-Italic:
- Gallo-Romance:
- Ibero-Romance:
- Borrowings:
参照
- “annus”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “annus”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- "annus", in Charles du Fresne du Cange, Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
- “annus”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
- Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894), Latin Phrase-Book, London: Macmillan and Co.
- (ambiguous) at the beginning of the year: initio anni, ineunte anno
- year by year; day by day: singulis annis, diebus
- a year from now: ad annum
- it is more than twenty years ago: amplius sunt (quam) viginti anni or viginti annis
- twenty years and more: viginti anni et amplius, aut plus
- twenty years ago: abhinc (ante) viginti annos or viginti his annis
- I have not seen you for five years: quinque anni sunt or sextus annus est, cum te non vidi
- he has been absent five years: quinque annos or sextum (iam) annum abest
- the division of the year (into months, etc.: anni descriptio
- the intercalary year (month, day): annus (mensis, dies) intercalaris
- Homer lived many years before the foundation of Rome: Homerus fuit multis annis ante Romam conditam
- how old are you: quot annos natus es?
- I am thirteen years old: tredecim annos natus sum
- I am in my thirteenth year: tertium decimum annum ago
- a boy ten years old: puer decem annorum
- to be entering on one's tenth year: decimum aetatis annum ingredi
- to be ten years old: decem annos vixisse
- to be more than ten years old, to have entered on one's eleventh year: decimum annum excessisse, egressum esse
- to be not yet twenty: minorem esse viginti annis
- I was ten years old at the time: tum habebam decem annos
- to reach one's hundredth year, to live to be a hundred: centum annos complere
- to reach one's hundredth year, to live to be a hundred: vitam ad annum centesimum perducere
- the addition of a few years: accessio paucorum annorum
- to happen during a person's life, year of office: in aetatem alicuius, in annum incidere
- to prolong the command for a year: imperium in annum prorogare
- (ambiguous) to be elected at the age required by law (lex Villia annalis): suo (legitimo) anno creari (opp. ante annum)
- to prolong a person's command: prorogare alicui imperium (in annum)
- (ambiguous) in the past year: praeterito anno (not praeterlapso)
- (ambiguous) last year: superiore, priore anno
- (ambiguous) (1) last year; (2) next year: proximo anno
- (ambiguous) in the following year: insequenti(e) anno (not sequente)
- (ambiguous) after a year has elapsed: anno peracto, circumacto, interiecto, intermisso
- (ambiguous) in the course of the year: anno vertente
- (ambiguous) at the beginning of the year: initio anni, ineunte anno
- (ambiguous) at the end of the year: exeunte, extremo anno
- (ambiguous) every fifth year: quinto quoque anno
- (ambiguous) in the fifth year from the founding of the city: anno ab urbe condita quinto
- (ambiguous) to be elected at the age required by law (lex Villia annalis): suo (legitimo) anno creari (opp. ante annum)
- “annus”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper’s Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
- annus in Ramminger, Johann (16 July 2016 (last accessed)), Neulateinische Wortliste: Ein Wörterbuch des Lateinischen von Petrarca bis 1700, pre-publication website, 2005-2016
- “annus”, in William Smith et al., editor (1890), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, London: William Wayte. G. E. Marindin
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