eſ - Weblio 英和・和英辞典 (original) (raw)
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発音記号・読み方
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Es
‐es１
音節 ‐es 発音記号・読み方 /(/s, z, ʃ, ʒ, tʃ, dʒ/の後で) ɪz, əz; (その他の有声音の後で) z; (その他の無声音の後で) s/
‐es２
音節 ‐es 発音記号・読み方 /(/s, z, ʃ, ʒ, tʃ, dʒ/の後で) ɪz, əz; (その他の有声音の後で) z; (その他の無声音の後で) s/
自然科学と技術のほかの用語一覧
化学
例文
`Ye-es.発音を聞く 例文帳に追加
「え、ええ。 - LEWIS CARROLL『鏡の国のアリス』
Enter -Duser.language=es -Duser.country=ES in the VM Options field.発音を聞く 例文帳に追加
「VM オプション」フィールドに「-Duser.language=es -Duser.country=ES」と入力します。 - NetBeans
FreeBSD.org/ http://www2.es.発音を聞く 例文帳に追加
リトアニアhttp://www.lt.FreeBSD.org/ - FreeBSD
FreeBSD.org/ http://www3.es. FreeBSD.org/ Sweden発音を聞く 例文帳に追加
ルーマニアhttp://www.ro.FreeBSD.org/ - FreeBSD
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-es
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ＥＳ
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ES
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ES
ES
ES
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ES (echo sounding)
ES (electromagnetic switching)
ES (experimental station)
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ES
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E+S
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ES
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Es
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es
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Es
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Es
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es
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E's
E's
Es
Es
e's
es
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ES
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'e's
-es
出典:『Wiktionary』 (2026/05/12 19:17 UTC 版)
発音
接尾辞
-es
- Used to form the regular plural of nouns that end in a sibilant (/s/, /z/, /ʃ/, /ʒ/, /t͡ʃ/, or /d͡ʒ/), such as:
- Used to form the regular plural of nouns that end in a consonant (or qu) + y:
lady→ladies, soliloquy→soliloquies (but key→keys) - Used to form the plural of some nouns that end in a consonant + o:
tomato→tomatoes (but soprano→sopranos) - (dialectal) Used to form the regular plural of nouns that end in /sp/, /st/, /sk/
_post→_postes /ˈpəʊstɪz/, /ˈpoʊstɪz/ (standard posts)
語源 2
From 中期英語 -es, -is, from 古期英語 -es, -as, Northern variants of -est, -ast (second person singular indicative ending). Replaced 中期英語 -eth, from 古期英語 -eþ, -aþ. The falling together of the second and third person singular verb forms in 古期英語 is believed to be due to Scandinavian influence, where the employment of the same verbal endings for both 2nd and 3rd singular indicative follows a similar pattern to that seen in Old Norse (e.g. þú masar, hann masar; þú þekk**ir, hann þekkir**; etc.).
接尾辞
-es
- Used to form the third person singular present indicative of regular verbs:
- that end in (t)ch pronounced as /tʃ/: impeach→impeaches (but psych→psychs)
- that end in (s)s: miss → misses, yes → yesses; bus → buses; buss → busses
- that end in x: tax → taxes; rendezvous → rendezvouses.
- that end in (z)z: fizz→fizzes;
- that end in consonant + o in some cases: go→goes (but radio→radios)
- that end in sh: wish→wishes
- that end in consonant (or qu) + y: cry→cries (but buy→buys)
接尾辞
-es
- genitive case/possessive marker for a-stem nouns, indicating that an object belongs to the noun
_hund_ (“dog”) + -es → hundes (“dog's”)
sċip (“ship”) + -es → sċipes (“ship's”) - forms the strong masculine/neuter genitive singular of adjectives
- used in formation of adverbs, originally from the genitive of masculine and neuter nouns, but later added also to feminine nouns by analogy
dæġes (adverb) ― by day
nihtes (adverb) ― by night
派生語
派生した語
- Middle English: -es, -s (mostly Late Middle English), -is, -ys (Northern, Early Scots), -us (West Midland)
- ⇒ Middle English: -es, -s
参照
- ^ Ringe, Donald (2006), From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic (A Linguistic History of English; 1), 1st edition, Oxford: University Press, →ISBN, page 201
語源 2
別の表記
- -as, -æs (Early Middle English); -s (especially Late Middle English)
- -is, -ys (Northern, Early Scots); -us (West Midland)
使用する際の注意点
- Especially after the Early Middle English period, this suffix often (but not always) takes the form -s after polysyllabic nouns, though in nouns ending in the sequences /əl/, /əm/, /ən/, /ər/, the /ə/ of the root may be dropped instead, as in thondres (“thunders”). However, due to the influence of the Old French plural suffix -s, even monosyllabic nouns borrowed from Old French often take -s; if they end in /t/, this is often lost before the suffix: servauns (“servants”), following the parallel simplifications of Middle English /ts/ and Old French /t͡s/ to /s/.
- Due to Old English and early Middle English sound changes, the noun stem may undergo modification when this suffix is attached, most notably:
派生した語
参照
- “-(e)s, suf.(2).”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.
- d'Ardenne, S[imonne] R. T. O. (1961) [1936], “Language”, in Þe Liflade ant te Passiun of Seinte Iuliene (Early English Text Society; 248), London: Oxford University Press for the Early English Text Society, →OCLC, § 77, page 216.
- Sandved, Arthur (1985), “10. Inflection”, in Introduction to Chaucerian English (Chaucer Studies; 11), Part II: Morphology, Cambridge: D. S. Brewer, →ISBN, →OCLC, pages 46-47.
別の表記
- -s (mostly Late Middle English)
- -is, -ys (Northern, Early Scots); -us (West Midland)
接尾辞
-es
- Used to form the genitive singular of nouns.
- Used to form the genitive plural of nouns.
Synonyms: -ene, -e (both less common) - (Early Middle English, rare) Forms the strong genitive singular of adjectives.
使用する際の注意点
- Certain nouns may take no genitive ending, especially _z_-stems, and in Southern Middle English, nouns derived from Old English feminines; see those nouns' entries for details. Especially in Northern Middle English, there is also a tendency to omit the genitive in nouns denoting people, especially proper names. In some situations it is difficult to determine whether these nouns should be considered an endingless genitive or an nominative/accusative being used attributively.
- Beginning in the last quarter of the 14th century, this suffix comes to follow a noun phrase rather than a single noun in the so-called "group genitive" construction.
- Nouns ending with (nominative/accusative) plural suffixes other than -es tend to avoid taking this ending for the genitive plural: instead, following a Middle English tendency to eliminate case distinctions in the plural, consonant stems undergo umlaut, weak nouns/_n_-stems take -ene, and _z_-stems take -re or -rene. Though traces of the modern English pattern where -'s is added after irregular plural forms are visible in late Middle English forms such as childrenes (“children's”) for earlier childrene, the nonattestation of forms such as *fetes (“feet's”) and oxenes (“oxen's”) demonstrates that the reinterpretation of the genitive ending as a clitic is still incomplete by the end of the period.
- Like the plural suffix -es, this suffix may induce alternations in the noun stem or be simplified to -s before polysyllabic nouns and nouns borrowed from French, though these tendencies are relatively circumscribed: certain alternations do not occur with this suffix and it retains its full form more often than the plural suffix.
- In adjectives, this suffix is abandoned from an early stage due to the analogy of the weak declension and other cases, furthermore, the presence of the nominal genitive ending -es rendered it both superfluous and vulnerable to of long-distance haplology.
派生した語
参照
- ^ “-(e)s, suf.(2).”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.
- ^ Mossé, Fernand (1952), “V. The Substantives”, in James A. Walker, transl., A Handbook of Middle English, I. Grammar: Part Two. The Forms, Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Press, translation of Manuel du l'Anglais de Moyen Age des Origines au XIVe Siècle (in French), →OCLC, § 56, page 49.
- ↑ Mustanoja, Tauno F. (1960), “Case”, in A Middle English Syntax (Mémoires de la Société Néophilologique de Helsinki; 23), volume I: Parts of Speech, Helsinki: Société Néophilologique, pages 71-72, 78; republished at Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2016, →DOI, →ISBN.
- ^ Allen, Cynthia (13 November 2008), “4. Genitive case in Middle English”, in Genitives in Early English: Typology and Evidence, Oxford University Press, →DOI, →ISBN, § 4.4, page 152.
- ^ Berndt, Rolf (1968), “Bemerkungen zur geschichtlichen Entwicklung der englischen Sprache”, in Zeitschrift für Anglistik und Amerikanistik, volume 16, number 2, Leipzig: VEB Verlag Enzyklopädie, page 167.
接尾辞
-es
使用する際の注意点
- As adverbs often receive reduced sentence stress, this suffix often takes the form -s even when added to monosyllabic roots; however, these forms tended to alternate with unreduced forms in -es rather than being used exclusively.
派生語
派生した語
参照
- “-(e)s, suf.(1).”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.
語源 4
inherited from Anglian 古期英語 -as (class 2 weak second-person singular), from Proto-West Germanic *-ōs, from Proto-Germanic *-ōsi, from Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂yési. Compare the competing second-person singular suffix -est.
In Northumbrian 古期英語, -as was extended to the third-person singular as a semantic loan from Old Norse -ar, -ir, -r, which formed both the second- and third-person singular present indicative. The model provided by the resultant variation in third-person singular forms soon led to -aþ being supplemented by -as in the plural as well, with the innovative forms in /s/ eventually mostly displacing those in /θ/ in Northern 中期英語. However, it is occasionally supposed that the third-person singular and plural are unrelated to the second-person singular, with the former deriving from 古期英語 -aþ (the failure of /θ/ to become /s/ elsewhere is explained by this being a special assimilatory or dissimilatory form that was subsequently generalised) and the latter deriving from the 古期英語 nominative/accusative noun plural -as.
別の表記
- -is, -us, -ys
- -s (especially Late Middle English)
使用する際の注意点
- In the plural and first-person singular present indicative, the use of this suffix is often regulated by the Northern Subject Rule: verbs do not take it when they are directly adjacent to the plural personal pronouns we, yow, and þei and first-person singular personal pronoun I/ik respectively.
- In the East and West Ridings of Yorkshire and North Midland Middle English, this suffix competes with -en in the plural present indicative: it is more common in the East and West Ridings, Lancashire, and Lincolnshire, but less common in Cheshire, Derbyshire, and Nottinghamshire.
- In the third-person singular present indicative, this suffix gradually penetrates southwards over the course of the Middle English period (replacing -eth), although it does not become usual in the standard language until after the Middle English period.
- The syncopation of this suffix's vowel is especially frequent in Later Middle English and after vowel-final verb stems; only syncopated forms are found in the Early Modern standard.
- Preterite-present verbs usually do not take this suffix, but instead remain endingless in the second-person indicative singular in Northern Middle English; compare Northern Middle English þou may with East Midland Middle English þou mayst.
派生した語
参照
- ↑ “-(e)s, suf.(4).”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.
- ^ Luick, Karl (1929-1940), Herbert Wild, Friedrich Koziol, editors, Historische Grammatik der englischen Sprache, Erster Band, II. Abteilung, Leipzig: Bernhard Tauchnitz, published 1940, →OCLC, § 698, page 924.
- ^ Jespersen, Otto (1942), A Modern English Grammar on Historical Principles (Sammlung germanischer Elementar- und Handbücher; 9), volume VI: Morphology, London: George Allen & Unwin, published 1961, § 3.5, page 17.
- ^ McIntosh, Angus; Samuels, M[ichael] L.; Benskin, Michael (2013) [1986], Michael Benskin, Margaret Laing, editors, eLALME: A Linguistic Atlas of Late Medieval English, Edinburgh: Angus McIntosh Centre for Historical Linguistics; revised November 2024.
- ^ Dobson, E[ric] J. (1957), English pronunciation 1500-1700, second edition, volume II: Phonology, Oxford: Clarendon Press, published 1968, →OCLC, § 313, pages 883-884.
語源 5
語源 6
発音
- (Classical Latin) IPA: [eːs]
- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: [es]
接尾辞
-ēs f (genitive -is); third declension
- used to form a third-declension feminine abstract noun designating the result of an action from a verb root or conceived root form
caedō (“to kill or cut”) → caedēs (“slaughter”)
sedeō (“to sit”) → sēdēs (“seat”)
語形変化
Third-declension noun (i-stem).
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | -ēs | -ēs |
| genitive | -is | -ium |
| dative | -ī | -ibus |
| accusative | -em | -ēs-īs |
| ablative | -e | -ibus |
| vocative | -ēs | -ēs |
Further forms are nom.sg. -is (e.g. caedis, sedis) and gen.pl. -um (e.g. caedum, sedum).
派生語
接尾辞
-es m (genitive -itis); third declension
- used to form third-declension nouns, most of which have senses along the lines of 'one who goes (by)'
equus (“horse”) → eques (“cavalryman; equestrian; knight”)
語形変化
Third-declension noun.
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | -es | -itēs |
| genitive | -itis | -itum |
| dative | -itī | -itibus |
| accusative | -item | -itēs |
| ablative | -ite | -itibus |
| vocative | -es | -itēs |
派生語
接尾辞
-ēs
参照
- ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “comes”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 129
-es'
不変化詞
-es'
- Alternative form of -s' used on words that are made plural using -es.
The countesses’ husbands were generally quite lavish. (countess + -es’)
ES
出典:『Wiktionary』 (2025/01/19 19:06 UTC 版)
固有名詞
ES
- Initialism of Espírito Santo.
- (computer languages) Initialism of ECMAScript.
- 2018, Kishori Sharan, Java APIs, Extensions and Libraries: With JavaFX, JDBC, jmod, jlink, Networking, and the Process API, 2nd edition, Apress, →ISBN, page 652:
- 2019, Jack Xu, Practical Multiple-Page Apps with ASP.NET Core and Angular Elements: Building Modern Multiple-Page Web Applications Using ASP.NET Core Razor Pages, Angular Elements, WebPack, RXJS, and Mini-SPAs, New York, N.Y.: UniCAD Publishing, →ISBN, page 31:
名詞
ES (uncountable)
- Initialism of environmental science.
- Initialism of emergency services.
- Initialism of engineering sample.
- (Philippines) Initialism of elementary school.
- (Philippines) Initialism of executive secretary.
Es.
出典:『Wiktionary』 (2014/04/12 17:32 UTC 版)
固有名詞
Ēs. m (indeclinable)
- (biblical) Abbreviation of Ēsāiās.
e's
使用する際の注意点
- There is some difference of opinion regarding the use of apostrophes in the pluralization of references to letters as symbols. New Fowler's Modern English Usage, after noting that the usage has changed, states on page 602 that "after letters an apostrophe is obligatory." The 15th edition of The Chicago Manual of Style states in paragraph 7.16, "To avoid confusion, lowercase letters ... form the plural with an apostrophe and an s". The Oxford Style Manual on page 116 advocates the use of common sense.
es-
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E's
出典:『Wikipedia』 (2011/05/16 16:20 UTC 版)
英語による解説
ウィキペディア英語版からの引用
引用
E's (エス, Esu?) is a Japanese shōnen manga series written and drawn by Satoru Yuiga. It was originally serialized in Monthly GFantasy from 1997 through 2005, and later published in 16 tankōbon volumes by Square Enix from March 18, 2003 to February 27, 2010. The series focuses on Kai Kudou, an "Esper", who is recruited by an organization called Ashurum to become a soldier to purportedly save other psychics from regular humans. After a mission in Gald goes wrong, Kai finds himself living with a man named Yuuki and his adopted sister Asuka. As he learns more about Ashurum, Kai finds himself wondering what their true goals are, and worrying about his ill sister, who is under Ashurum's care.
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es
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| Wikipedia | Text is available under Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike (CC-BY-SA) and/or GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL).Weblio英和・和英辞典に掲載されている「Wikipedia英語版」の記事は、WikipediaのE's (改訂履歴)の記事を複製、再配布したものにあたり、Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike (CC-BY-SA)もしくはGNU Free Documentation Licenseというライセンスの下で提供されています。 |
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eſ