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traho

出典:『Wiktionary』 (2026/04/28 01:31 UTC 版)

別の表記

語源

Unclear. The -h- would normally correspond to Proto-Indo-European *-ǵʰ- or *-gʰ- (compare veho, from Proto-Italic *weɣō, from Proto-Indo-European *weǵʰ-).

A relationship with Proto-Germanic *draganą (“to drag, draw”) is debated, since Latin initial t- and Germanic initial *d- is not a usual correspondence. Some consider it impossible for both to be inherited from a common Proto-Indo-European root (though De Vaan thinks they could be related as loans from some common non-Indo-European source).

Others derive both from a Proto-Indo-European or post-PIE root *dʰragʰ-, with Latin showing a controversial dissimilation to *dragʰ- (Weiss treats the liquid after the first stop as an essential condition for this "Limited Latin Grassmann's Law"), followed by devoicing of dr to tr (a more generally accepted sound change). Schrijver argues that the presence of -ā- in the perfect stem and in some related forms such as trāgula is a sure sign of an original laryngeal in the root, and proposes *dʰr(e)Hgʰ- as a possible form.

De Vaan reconstructs a non-Indo-European (substrate) root *trHgʰ- or *trā̆gʰ-, borrowed into Italic and Celtic, as a potential source of both Latin trahō and Old Irish tethraig (“ran away, receded”), Welsh traul (“trouble, weakness; cost, expense”) < Proto-Celtic *trāglo-.

Other possible cognates include

発音

動詞

trahō (present infinitive trahere, perfect active trāxī, supine tractum); third conjugation

  1. to drag, pull
    Synonyms: efferō, portō, ferō, gerō, vehō, addūcō
  2. to trail
  3. to extract, withdraw, derive, take away
  4. to plunder, squander
    Synonyms: dēpraedor, praedor, dīripiō, populor, expugnō, agō
  5. to draw out, extend, lengthen, prolong
    Synonyms: extendō, distendō, pandō, prōlongō, porrigō, prōferō, explicō, prōtrahō
  6. (of time) to protract, drag out, linger
    Synonyms: retardō, moror, cū̆nctor, tardō, prōtrahō, dubitō, extrahō, differō
    Antonyms: ruō, accurrō, currō, festīnō, prōvolō, properō, corripiō, affluō, mātūrō
  7. to weigh, ponder, consider
    Synonyms: cōnsīderō, dubitō, ponderō, pendō, perpendō, dēlīberō, circumspiciō, cōnsultō, putō, reputō, videō
  8. (figuratively) to attract, draw (someone; their attention)
  9. (by extension) to attract the support of, sway, win over
    Synonyms: persuādeō, convincō, perpellō, flectō, admoneō

Conjugation

派生語

派生した語

参照

  1. ^ Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*dragan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 99
  2. ↑ De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “trahō”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 626-627
  3. ^ Ringe, Donald (2006), From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic (A Linguistic History of English; 1)‎, 1st edition, Oxford: University Press, →ISBN, page 188
  4. ↑ Schrijver, Peter C. H. (1991), The reflexes of the Proto-Indo-European laryngeals in Latin (Leiden studies in Indo-European; 2), Amsterdam, Atlanta: Rodopi, →ISBN, pages 188-189
  5. ^ Weiss, Michael (2018), “Limited Latin Grassmann's Law: Do We Need It?”, in Dieter Gunkel, Stephanie W. Jamison, Angelo O. Mercado and Kazuhiko Yoshida, editors, Vina Diem Celebrent: Studies in Linguistics and Philology in Honor of Brent Vine, Ann Arbor: Beech Stave Press, pages 438-447

Further reading

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