果 - Wiktionary, the free dictionary (original) (raw)
From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: 杲
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果 (Kangxi radical 75, 木+4, 8 strokes, cangjie input 田木 (WD), four-corner 60904, composition ⿻日木)
- 倮, 𠵩, 堁, 婐, 㞅, 𡸖, 𢃦, 惈, 捰, 淉, 猓, 𨺁, 𣇫, 棵, 𣨪, 㷄, 𤖇, 𬌡, 𬍯, 腂, 𥚌, 𥇬, 䂺, 祼, 稞, 裸, 粿, 綶, 𦖍, 蜾, 𠒪, 𠪧, 㚌, 𭽝, 課(课), 踝, 躶, 輠, 𪳨, 錁(锞), 𣛕, 𩋗, 餜(馃), 騍(骒), 髁, 𩸄(𫚝), 䴹, 𬹮
- 𭄰, 𠜴, 𢒙, 𢻔, 敤, 㪙, 𭮲, 𣮔, 𤔖, 𭪥, 𤬁, 㼫, 𭪻, 𭪹, 𬃻, 夥, 𣛤, 顆(颗), 𪳿, 𣜢, 𣞅, 𪂠, 𣡙
- 褁, 𮖐, 𣡗, 𣡚, 巢, 巣, 菓, 𢑥, 彙, 彚, 𫉂, 窠, 𭯃, 𧁸, 𡱼, 㾧, 𪋊, 𨵚, 臝, 裹
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 516, character 11
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14556
- Dae Jaweon: page 904, character 5
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1168, character 11
- Unihan data for U+679C
| | Old Chinese | | | -------------------------------- | --------------------------------------- | | 裸 | *ɡ·roːlʔ | | 躶 | *ɡ·roːlʔ | | 果 | *kloːlʔ | | 菓 | *kloːlʔ | | 猓 | *kloːlʔ | | 輠 | *kloːlʔ, *ɡloːlʔ, *ɡroːlʔ, *kʰluːls | | 裹 | *kloːlʔ, *kloːls | | 蜾 | *kloːlʔ | | 惈 | *kloːlʔ | | 粿 | *kloːlʔ | | 窠 | *kʰloːl | | 稞 | *kʰloːl, *ɡroːlʔ | | 課 | *kʰloːl, *kʰloːls | | 髁 | *kʰloːl, *kʰloːls, *kʰroːlʔ | | 棵 | *kʰloːl, *kʰloːnʔ, *ɡloːnʔ | | 顆 | *kʰloːlʔ | | 堁 | *kʰloːlʔ, *kʰloːls, *kloːns | | 敤 | *kʰloːlʔ, *kʰloːls | | 夥 | *qʰloːlʔ, *ɡloːlʔ, *ɡroːlʔ | | 婐 | *qloːlʔ, *kroːl | | 踝 | *ɡroːlʔ | | 祼 | *ɡluːlʔ |
Pictogram (象形) – fruits on a tree. Related to the original form of 采. Compare 栗 and 某. Unrelated to 喿.
| simp. and trad. | 果 |
|---|---|
| alternative forms | 菓 |
Possibly related to 卵 (OC *ɡ·roːlʔ, *ɡ·roːnʔ, “egg”) (Sagart and Ma, 2020).
- Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): guǒ (guo3)
(Zhuyin): ㄍㄨㄛˇ
(Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): go3
(Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): гуә (guə, II) - Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): gwo2 / gu2
(Taishan, Wiktionary): go2 - Gan (Wiktionary): guo3
- Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): kó
(Meixian, Guangdong): guo3 - Jin (Wiktionary): gue2
- Northern Min (KCR): guǎ
- Eastern Min (BUC): guōi / guō
- Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): gue3 / gor3
- Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): kér / ké / kóe / kó͘ / kó
(Teochew, Peng'im): guê2 / guên2 / guain2 / guan2 - Wu (Northern, Wugniu): 5ku / 3kou
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): go3
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
* Hanyu Pinyin: guǒ
* Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄛˇ
* Tongyong Pinyin: guǒ
* Wade–Giles: kuo3
* Yale: gwǒ
* Gwoyeu Romatzyh: guoo
* Palladius: го (go)
* Sinological IPA (key): /ku̯ɔ²¹⁴/ - (Chengdu)
* Sichuanese Pinyin: go3
* Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: go
* Sinological IPA (key): /ko⁵³/ - (Dungan)
* Cyrillic and Wiktionary: гуә (guə, II)
* Sinological IPA (key): /kuə⁵¹/
(Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
* Jyutping: gwo2 / gu2
* Yale: gwó / gú
* Cantonese Pinyin: gwo2 / gu2
* Guangdong Romanization: guo2 / gu2
* Sinological IPA (key): /kʷɔː³⁵/, /kuː³⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
Note: gu2 - rare.
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
* Wiktionary: go2
* Sinological IPA (key): /kᵘɔ⁵⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Gan
- (Nanchang)
* Wiktionary: guo3
* Sinological IPA (key): /kuo²¹³/
- (Nanchang)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
* Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kó
* Hakka Romanization System: goˋ
* Hagfa Pinyim: go3
* Sinological IPA: /ko³¹/ - (Meixian)
* Guangdong: guo3
* Sinological IPA: /kuo³¹/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
* Wiktionary: gue2
* Sinological IPA (old-style): /kuɤ⁵³/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
* Kienning Colloquial Romanized: guǎ
* Sinological IPA (key): /kua²¹/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
* Bàng-uâ-cê: guōi / guō
* Sinological IPA (key): /kui³³/, /kuo³³/
- (Fuzhou)
Note:
guōi - vernacular;
guō - literary.
-
- (Putian)
* Pouseng Ping'ing: gue3
* Sinological IPA (key): /kuei⁴⁵³/ - (Xianyou)
* Pouseng Ping'ing: gue3
* Sinological IPA (key): /kuei³³²/ - (Putian)
* Pouseng Ping'ing: gor3
* Sinological IPA (key): /kɒ⁴⁵³/ - (Xianyou)
* Pouseng Ping'ing: gor3
* Sinological IPA (key): /kɒ³³²/
- (Putian)
Note:
gue3 - vernacular;
gor3 - literary.
-
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
* Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kér
* Tâi-lô: kér
* IPA (Quanzhou): /kə⁵⁵⁴/ - (Hokkien: Taipei, Xiamen, Jinjiang)
* Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ké
* Tâi-lô: ké
* Phofsit Daibuun: kea
* IPA (Taipei, Xiamen): /ke⁵³/
* IPA (Jinjiang): /ke⁵⁵⁴/ - (Hokkien: Kaohsiung, Zhangzhou)
* Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kóe
* Tâi-lô: kué
* Phofsit Daibuun: koea
* IPA (Kaohsiung): /kue⁴¹/
* IPA (Zhangzhou): /kue⁵³/ - (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Jinjiang)
* Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kó͘
* Tâi-lô: kóo
* Phofsit Daibuun: kor
* IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /kɔ⁵⁵⁴/ - (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
* Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kó
* Tâi-lô: kó
* Phofsit Daibuun: koir
* IPA (Taipei, Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /ko⁵³/
* IPA (Kaohsiung): /kɤ⁴¹/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
Note:
kér/ké/kóe - vernacular;
kó͘/kó - literary.
- (Teochew)
* Peng'im: guê2 / guên2 / guain2 / guan2
* Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kué / kuéⁿ / kuáiⁿ / kuáⁿ
* Sinological IPA (key): /kue⁵²/, /kũẽ⁵²/, /kũãĩ⁵²/, /kũã⁵²/
- (Teochew)
Note:
-
- (Changsha)
* Wiktionary: go3
* Sinological IPA (key): /ko⁴¹/
- (Changsha)
Middle Chinese: kwaX
Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[k]ˤo[r]ʔ/
(Zhengzhang): /*kloːlʔ/
| Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 果 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| ModernBeijing(Pinyin) | guǒ |
| MiddleChinese | ‹ kwaX › |
| OldChinese | /*[k]ˁo[r]ʔ/ |
| English | fruit; result |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 果 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 4767 |
| Phoneticcomponent | 果 |
| Rimegroup | 歌 |
| Rimesubdivision | 3 |
| CorrespondingMC rime | 果 |
| OldChinese | /*kloːlʔ/ |
果
- fruit
水果 ― shuǐguǒ ― fruit
蘋果／苹果 ― píngguǒ ― apple - result
結果／结果 ― jiéguǒ ― result
後果／后果 ― hòuguǒ ― consequence - sure enough; really
果然 ― guǒrán ― as expected
果真 ― guǒzhēn ― really- 言者有言，其所言者特未定也。果有言邪？ [Classical Chinese, trad. and _simp._]
From: Zhuangzi, circa 3rd – 2nd centuries BCE
Yán zhě yǒu yán, qí suǒ yán zhě tè wèi dìng yě. Guǒ yǒu yán yé? [Pinyin]
The speaker has (a meaning in) his words. If, however, what he says, be indeterminate (as from a mind not made up), does he then really speak or not?
- 言者有言，其所言者特未定也。果有言邪？ [Classical Chinese, trad. and _simp._]
- determined
果敢 ― guǒgǎn ― resolute and courageous - to fill
果腹 ― guǒfù ― to fill one's stomach - to come true
不果 ― bùguǒ ― to be unsuccessful- 南陽劉子驥，高尚士也，聞之，欣然親往。未果，尋病終。 [Classical Chinese, _trad._]
南阳刘子骥，高尚士也，闻之，欣然亲往。未果，寻病终。 [Classical Chinese, _simp._]
From: The Peach Blossom Spring (桃花源記), by Tao Yuanming, 421 (Wiktionary translation)
Nányáng Liú Zǐjì, gāoshàng shì yě, wén zhī, xīnrán qīn wǎng. Wèiguǒ, xún bìng zhōng. [Pinyin]
Liu Ziji of Nanyang was a noble scholar who heard of this, and joyously set out for it, but to no avail; he died of illness shortly afterwards.
- 南陽劉子驥，高尚士也，聞之，欣然親往。未果，尋病終。 [Classical Chinese, _trad._]
- (literary) finally; at last
- (literary) actually
Synonyms: 究竟 (jiūjìng), 終究 / 终究 (zhōngjiū) - (literary) if indeed; if
- a surname
Dialectal synonyms of 水果 (“fruit”) [map]
不果 (bùguǒ)
人心果 (rénxīnguǒ)
佛果 (fóguǒ)
供果 (gòngguǒ)
反效果 (fǎnxiàoguǒ)
善果 (shànguǒ)
喜果 (xǐguǒ)
因果 (yīnguǒ)
因果律 (yīnguǒlǜ)
外果皮 (wàiguǒpí)
如果 (rúguǒ)
巧果 (qiǎoguǒ)
成果 (chéngguǒ)
效果 (xiàoguǒ)
果不其然 (guǒbùqírán)
果仁 (guǒrén)
果品 (guǒpǐn)
果子 (guǒzi)
果子狸 (guǒzilí)
果子酒 (guǒzijiǔ)
果子露 (guǒzilù)
果敢 (guǒgǎn)
果木 (guǒmù)
松果 (sōngguǒ)
果毅 (guǒyì)
果汁 (guǒzhī)
果洛 (Guǒluò)
果然 (guǒrán)
果皮 (guǒpí)
果真 (guǒzhēn)
果粉 (guǒfěn)
果糖 (guǒtáng)
果肉 (guǒròu)
果脯 (guǒfǔ)
果腹 (guǒfù)
果菜 (guǒcài)
果酒 (guǒjiǔ)
果酸 (guǒsuān)
柑果 (gānguǒ)
核果 (héguǒ)
檬果 (méngguǒ)
水果 (shuǐguǒ)
水果湖 (Shuǐguǒhú)
水果酒 (shuǐguǒjiǔ)
液果 (yèguǒ)
特殊效果 (tèshū xiàoguǒ)
球果 (qiúguǒ)
瓜果 (guāguǒ)
白果 (báiguǒ)
百香果 (bǎixiāngguǒ)
禁果 (jìnguǒ)
米果 (mǐguǒ)
糖果 (tángguǒ)
翅果 (chìguǒ)
腰果 (yāoguǒ)
自食其果 (zìshíqíguǒ)
芒果 (mángguǒ)
花果 (huāguǒ)
苦果 (kǔguǒ)
茶果 (cháguǒ)
蒴果 (shuòguǒ)
蔬果 (shūguǒ)
金果坪 (Jīnguǒpíng)
雨果 (Yǔguǒ)
青果 (qīngguǒ)
食不果腹 (shíbùguǒfù)
“果”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
果
- Go-on: か (ka, Jōyō)←_くわ_ (kwa, historical)
- Kan-on: か (ka, Jōyō)←_くわ_ (kwa, historical)
- Kun: はたす (hatasu, 果たす, Jōyō)、_はたす_ (hatasu, 果す)、_はてる_ (hateru, 果てる, Jōyō)、_はて_ (hate, 果て, Jōyō)、_くだもの_ (kudamono, 果)
- Nanori: み (mi)、_あきら_ (akira)、_はた_ (hata)、_はたす_ (hatasu)、_まさる_ (masaru)
Compounds
- 映日果(いちじく) (ichijiku), 映(えい)日(じつ)果(か) (eijitsuka): fig
- 無花果(いちじく) (ichijiku), 無(む)花(か)果(か) (mukaka): fig
- 無花果(いちじく)果(か) (ichijikuka): syconium
- 果(か)敢(かん) (kakan): resolute, determined
- 果(か)実(じつ) (kajitsu): fruit, berry
- 果(か)樹(じゅ) (kaju): fruit tree
- 果(か)汁(じゅう) (kajū): fruit juice
- 果(か)糖(とう) (katō): fruit sugar
- 果(か)肉(にく) (kaniku): flesh of fruit
- 果(か)報(ほう) (kahō): good fortune
- 果(くだ)物(もの) (kudamono): fruit
- 青(せい)果(か) (seika): vegetables and fruits
- 摘(てき)果(か) (tekika): thinning out superfluous fruit
- 結(けっ)果(か) (kekka): result, outcome
- 成(せい)果(か) (seika): result, fruit
- 効(こう)果(か) (kōka): effect, result
- 因(いん)果(が) (inga): karma
- 戦(せん)果(か) (senka): fruit of battle
- 果(は)たす (hatasu): effect, realize
- 使(し)命(めい)を果(は)たす (shimei o hatasu): carry out one's mission
- 果(は)たして (hatashite): as was expected
- 使(つか)い果(は)たす (tsukaihatasu): use up, squander
- 果(は)てる (hateru): end, be finished
- 朽(く)ち果(は)てる (kuchihateru): decay completely
- 絶(た)え果(は)てる (taehateru): be extinguished
- 果(は)て (hate): end, extremity
- 果(は)てしない (hateshinai): endless, boundless
- 苹(へい)果(か) (heika), 苹(ひょう)果(か) (hyōka): apple (fruit)
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 果 |
| かGrade: 4 |
| on'yomi |
From Middle Chinese 果 (kuɑX).
- pieces of fruit
- fruit
- (Buddhism) phala, attained state, result
- (Buddhism) enlightenment (as the fruits of one's Buddhist practice)
- ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Middle Korean readings, if any”)
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [kwa̠]
- Phonetic hangul: [과]
Compounds
果 (*-kwa)
- and; with (comitative case marker; attached to multiple connected nouns)
- c. 1250, Interpretive gugyeol glosses to the Humane King Sutra:
等果惠果灌頂果叱三品士隱
*TUNG-kwa HYEY-kwa KWANTYENG-kwa-s SAMPHWUMSO-n
As for the three gentlemen of Dengguan and Huiguang and Guanding
- c. 1250, Interpretive gugyeol glosses to the Humane King Sutra:
果 follows the grammatical rules of its Middle Korean descendant, which differ from Modern Korean usage. Thus it may be followed by other case markers, such as 叱. Furthermore, in both Old and Middle Korean, "A and B" is expressed as A-kwa B-kwa, instead of Modern Korean A-kwa B.
Unlike in Middle and Modern Korean, 果 did not take any allomorph following a vowel. The Middle Korean allomorph 와 (Yale: -Gwa) was produced by the lenition of Old Korean *k to /ɣ/ between vowels.
- Middle Korean: 과 (-kwa)
- Korean: 과 (-gwa)
- Middle Korean: 와 (-Gwa) (allomorph following a vowel, produced by intervocalic lenition of *-k)
- Korean: 와 (-wa)
- 利 (*-li, intimate connective particle)
- 이승재 (Lee Seung-jae) (2000) “차자표기 자료의 격조사 연구 [Chaja pyogi jaryo-ui gyeokjosa yeon'gu, Study of case markers in the Chinese-based orthography [of Korean]]”, in Gugeo Gukmunhak, volume 127, pages 107–132
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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- Japanese kanji with nanori reading み
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