特 - Wiktionary, the free dictionary (original) (raw)
From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
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特 (Kangxi radical 93, 牛+6, 10 strokes, cangjie input 竹手土木戈 (HQGDI), four-corner 24541, composition ⿰牛寺)
- 𭉪, 𬌣, 𬃿, 𧎬
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 700, character 20
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 20013
- Dae Jaweon: page 1113, character 3
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1808, character 11
- Unihan data for U+7279
| trad. | 特 |
|---|---|
| simp. # | 特 |
| alternative forms | 犆 |
| | Old Chinese | | | -------------------------------- | --------------------- | | 等 | *tɯːʔ, *tɯːŋʔ | | 待 | *dɯːʔ | | 寺 | *ljɯs | | 持 | *l'ɯ | | 峙 | *dɯʔ | | 痔 | *dɯʔ | | 跱 | *dɯʔ | | 歭 | *dɯʔ | | 洔 | *dɯʔ, *tjɯʔ | | 畤 | *dɯʔ, *tjɯʔ, *djɯʔ | | 秲 | *dɯʔ, *djɯs | | 庤 | *dɯʔ | | 時 | *djɯ | | 鰣 | *djɯ | | 塒 | *djɯ | | 蒔 | *djɯ, *djɯs | | 榯 | *djɯ | | 恃 | *djɯʔ | | 侍 | *djɯs | | 詩 | *hljɯ | | 邿 | *hljɯ | | 特 | *dɯːɡ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *dɯːɡ): semantic 牛 (“ox”) + phonetic 寺 (OC *ljɯs) – large bull.
There seem to be two main semantic fields: "bull" and "single; unique". It is unclear whether these two fields are related. Schuessler (2007) suggests a possible derivation of "bull" from "match", but "bull" seems to be the earlier sense. The "single; unique" sense could be an extension of "bull" due to its largeness (Li Xueqin, 2012).
In the "bull" sense, it is related to 犆 (OC *dɯɡ, “ox”) (Schuessler, 2007).
Wang (1982) relates the "three-year-animal" sense to 犢 (OC *l'oːɡ, “calf”); see there for more.
In the "single" sense, it is related to 直 (OC *dɯɡ, “simply; only”), 職 (OC *tjɯɡ, “simply; only”) (Schuessler, 2007). Wang (1982) relates it to 徒 (OC *l'aː) and 但 (OC *daːnʔ) in the "only" sense, as well as 獨 (OC *doːɡ, “single”) in the "single" sense, but see these entries for more.
- Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): tè (te4)
(Zhuyin): ㄊㄜˋ
(Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): tie2 / te2 - Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): dak6
(Taishan, Wiktionary): ak5 - Gan (Wiktionary): tet6 / tet7
- Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): thi̍t
(Meixian, Guangdong): tid6 - Jin (Wiktionary): tah5 / teh5
- Northern Min (KCR): tă̤
- Eastern Min (BUC): dĕk
- Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): te̍k / tia̍k / te̍rk
(Teochew, Peng'im): dêg8 - Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 8deq
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): te6
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
* Hanyu Pinyin: tè
* Zhuyin: ㄊㄜˋ
* Tongyong Pinyin: tè
* Wade–Giles: tʻê4
* Yale: tè
* Gwoyeu Romatzyh: teh
* Palladius: тэ (tɛ)
* Sinological IPA (key): /tʰɤ⁵¹/ - (Chengdu)
* Sichuanese Pinyin: tie2 / te2
* Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: tie / te
* Sinological IPA (key): /tʰiɛ²¹/, /tʰɛ²¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
* Jyutping: dak6
* Yale: dahk
* Cantonese Pinyin: dak9
* Guangdong Romanization: deg6
* Sinological IPA (key): /tɐk̚²/ - (Taishanese, Taicheng)
* Wiktionary: ak5
* Sinological IPA (key): /ak̚³²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Gan
- (Nanchang)
* Wiktionary: tet6 / tet7
* Sinological IPA (key): /tʰɛt̚⁵/, /tʰɛt̚²/
- (Nanchang)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
* Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: thi̍t
* Hakka Romanization System: tid
* Hagfa Pinyim: tid6
* Sinological IPA: /tʰit̚⁵/ - (Meixian)
* Guangdong: tid6
* Sinological IPA: /tʰit̚⁵/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
* Wiktionary: tah5 / teh5
* Sinological IPA (old-style): /tʰaʔ⁵⁴/, /tʰəʔ⁵⁴/
- (Taiyuan)+
Note:
tah5 - vernacular;
teh5 - literary.
-
- (Jian'ou)
* Kienning Colloquial Romanized: tă̤
* Sinological IPA (key): /tʰɛ²⁴/
- (Jian'ou)
-
- (Fuzhou)
* Bàng-uâ-cê: dĕk
* Sinological IPA (key): /tɛiʔ⁵/
- (Fuzhou)
-
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese, Anxi, Tong'an)
* Pe̍h-ōe-jī: te̍k
* Tâi-lô: ti̍k
* Phofsit Daibuun: dek
* IPA (Zhangzhou): /tiɪk̚¹²¹/
* IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /tiɪk̚⁴/
* IPA (Tong'an): /tiɪk̚⁵³/ - (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
* Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tia̍k
* Tâi-lô: tia̍k
* Phofsit Daibuun: diak
* IPA (Quanzhou): /tiak̚²⁴/ - (Hokkien: Nan'an)
* Pe̍h-ōe-jī: te̍rk
* Tâi-lô: te̍rk
* IPA (Nan'an): /tək̚²³/ - (Teochew)
* Peng'im: dêg8
* Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: te̍k
* Sinological IPA (key): /tek̚⁴/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese, Anxi, Tong'an)
-
- (Changsha)
* Wiktionary: te6
* Sinological IPA (key): /tʰɤ̞²⁴/
- (Changsha)
- Dialectal data
Middle Chinese: dok
Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[d]ˤək/
(Zhengzhang): /*dɯːɡ/
| Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 特 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| ModernBeijing(Pinyin) | tè |
| MiddleChinese | ‹ dok › |
| OldChinese | /*[d]ˁək/ |
| English | bull |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 特 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 12055 |
| Phoneticcomponent | 寺 |
| Rimegroup | 職 |
| Rimesubdivision | 0 |
| CorrespondingMC rime | 特 |
| OldChinese | /*dɯːɡ/ |
特
- (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) bull; ox
- 歸，假于祖禰，用特。 [Classical Chinese, _trad._]
归，假于祖祢，用特。 [Classical Chinese, _simp._]
From: The Book of Rites, c. 4th – 2nd century BCE
Guī, jiǎ yú zǔ mí, yòng tè. [Pinyin]
(When all was done), he returned (to the capital), repaired (to the ancestral temple) and offered a bull. - 武都故道縣有怒特祠，云神本南山大梓也。 [Classical Chinese, _trad._]
武都故道县有怒特祠，云神本南山大梓也。 [Classical Chinese, _simp._]
From: c. early 3rd century, 曹丕,《列異傳》(Tales of Marvels), translated by Yang Xianyi and Gladys Yang
Wǔdū gùdào xiàn yǒu nù tè cí, yún shén běn nánshān dà zǐ yě. [Pinyin]
In Wudu County stands the Shrine to the Angry Bull. It is said that this deity was once a giant catalpa tree on the south hill.
- 歸，假于祖禰，用特。 [Classical Chinese, _trad._]
- (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) cattle
- (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese, of animals, especially bull) male
- (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) one domestic animal
- (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) three-year-old animal
- 不狩不獵，胡瞻爾庭有縣特兮。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, _trad._]
不狩不猎，胡瞻尔庭有县特兮。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, _simp._]
From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11th – 7th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
Bù shòu bù liè, hú zhān ěr tíng yǒu xuán tè xī. [Pinyin]
You do not follow the chase;
How do we see those three-year-olds hanging in your court-yards?
- 不狩不獵，胡瞻爾庭有縣特兮。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, _trad._]
- (literary) single; alone; by oneself
- (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) match; mate; spouse
- (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to stand tall
- special; unique; distinguished
- (literary) only; just
- 嗟乎！孟嘗君特雞鳴狗盜之雄耳，豈足以言得士？ [Literary Chinese, _trad._]
嗟乎！孟尝君特鸡鸣狗盗之雄耳，岂足以言得士？ [Literary Chinese, _simp._]
From: c. mid-11th century, Wang Anshi (王安石), _After Reading the Biography of Lord Mengchang_（《讀孟嘗君傳》）
Jiēhū! Mèngchángjūn tè jīmínggǒudào zhī xióng ěr, qǐ zúyǐ yán déshì? [Pinyin]
Alas! Lord Mengchang was merely the chieftain of those who crowed like cocks and stole like dogs! How could he be said to be capable of attracting scholars to his circle?
- specially; intentionally
- (colloquial) especially; outstandingly
今天天特熱。／今天天特热。 ― Jīntiān tiān tè rè. ― It's especially hot today. - (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) in vain
- (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) unexpectedly; yet
- Short for 特務／特务 (tèwù, “special agent; spy”).
- (Mainland China) Short for 特克斯 (tèkèsī, “tex”).
- a surname
Dialectal synonyms of 公牛 (“bull; ox”) [map]
不特 (bùtè)
伏特 (fútè)
伏特加 (fútèjiā)
努瓦克肖特 (Nǔwǎkèxiàotè)
吐外特 (Tǔwàitè)
夸特 (kuātè)
奇特 (qítè)
希特勒 (Xītèlè)
底特律 (Dǐtèlǜ)
弗雷特 (Fúléitè)
拉巴特 (Lābātè)
斯普特尼克 (sīpǔtèníkè)
斯里賈亞瓦德納普拉科特 / 斯里贾亚瓦德纳普拉科特 (Sīlǐ Jiǎyàwǎdénàpǔlā Kētè)
朱比特 (Zhūbǐtè)
李斯特 (Lǐsītè)
沙特 (Shātè)
波特 (Bōtè)
特令 (tèlìng)
特任 (tèrèn)
特使 (tèshǐ)
特例 (tèlì)
特准 (tèzhǔn)
特出 (tèchū)
特刊 (tèkān)
特勤 (tèqín)
特化 (tèhuà)
特命 (tèmìng)
特地 (tèdì)
特大 (tèdà)
特定 (tèdìng)
特工 (tègōng)
特性 (tèxìng)
特惠 (tèhuì)
特意 (tèyì)
特技 (tèjì)
特效 (tèxiào)
特教 (tèjiào)
特有 (tèyǒu)
特此 (tècǐ)
特殊 (tèshū)
特殊性 (tèshūxìng)
特殊效果 (tèshū xiàoguǒ)
特殊教育 (tèshū jiàoyù)
特派 (tèpài)
特甚 (tèshèn)
特稿 (tègǎo)
特等 (tèděng)
特色 (tèsè)
特警 (tèjǐng)
特赦 (tèshè)
特遣 (tèqiǎn)
瓦特 (wǎtè)
福斯特 (Fúsītè)
科威特 (Kēwēitè)
舒伯特 (Shūbótè)
莫札特 (Mòzhátè)
赫斯特 (Hèsītè)
邱比特 (Qiūbǐtè)
阿斯嘉特 (Āsījiātè)
阿特拉斯 (Ātèlāsī)
鹿特丹 (Lùtèdān)
→ Bouyei: dag (“male (of animals); classifier for male animals”)
→ Proto-Southwestern Tai: *tʰɤkᴰ (“young male animal”)
→ Proto-Vietic: *dək (“male”)
- Vietnamese: đực (“male (of animal); bull”)
→ Zhuang: daeg (“male (of animals); classifier for young males”)
“特”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
特
- Go-on: どく (doku)
- Kan-on: とく (toku, Jōyō)
- Kun: おうし (ōshi, 特)、_ひとり_ (hitori, 特り)、_ことに_ (kotoni, 特に)、_ことなる_ (kotonaru, 特なる)
- 特異(とくい) (tokui)
- 特効薬(とっこうやく) (tokkōyaku)
- 特撮(とくさつ) (tokusatsu)
- 特殊(とくしゅ) (tokushu)
- 特捜(とくそう) (tokusō)
- 特定(とくてい) (tokutei)
- 特別(とくべつ) (tokubetsu)
- 特防(とくぼう) (tokubō)
- 特務(とくむ) (tokumu)
- 独特(どくとく) (dokutoku)
From Middle Chinese 特 (MC dok, “special; male livestock”).
特 (eumhun 특별할 특 (teukbyeolhal teuk))
特 (eumhun 수컷 특 (sukeot teuk))
- (used in compounds) hanja form? of 특 (“special; exceptional”)
- (literary) hanja form? of 특 (“male animal”)
국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [2]
特: Hán Nôm readings: đặc, đực, đước, được, sệt
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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