花 - Wiktionary, the free dictionary (original) (raw)

Stroke order

花 (Kangxi radical 140, 艸+4, 8 strokes in traditional Chinese and Korean, 7 strokes in simplified Chinese and Japanese, cangjie input 廿人心 (TOP), four-corner 44214, composition ⿱艹化)

埖, 婲, 㬸, 椛, 㳸, 硴, 糀, 誮, 錵, 蒊
𠵅, 𢯘, 𤦙, 𩋖, 𩤉, 𩸽, 𠝐, 𫈪, 𦷌, 𠎍, 𤰏
𫢮, 𮖏, 𬦷, 𬧧
Kangxi Dictionary: page 1020, character 21
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 30734
Dae Jaweon: page 1478, character 5
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3181, character 7
Unihan data for U+82B1
Unihan data for U+2F993

trad.	花
simp. #	花
alternative forms	華／华蘤／花芲𠌶

Wikipedia has articles on:

花 (Written Standard Chinese?)
花 (Cantonese)
花 (Gan)
fâ (Hakka)
huă (Eastern Min)
hoe (Southern Min)
花 (Wu)

| | Old Chinese | | | -------------------------------- | ------------- | | 訛 | *ŋʷaːl | | 吪 | *ŋʷaːl | | 鈋 | *ŋʷaːl | | 囮 | *lu, *ŋʷaːl | | 魤 | *ŋʷaːl | | 靴 | *hʷa | | 貨 | *hŋʷaːls | | 花 | *hʷraː | | 化 | *hŋʷraːls | | 杹 | *hŋʷraːls | | 匕 | *pilʔ |

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *hʷraː) : semantic 艹 (“grass; plant”) + phonetic 化 (OC *hŋʷraːls). Originally 𠌶 or 華 before the Han dynasty.

Unclear. According to Schuessler (2007), either from:

Proto-Sino-Tibetan *baːr (“bloom, flower”) and thus an example of possible *b ~ *w variation, with final -r moved to medial position. If so, cognate with 葩 (OC *pʰraː); outside Sinitic, compare Burmese ပန်း (pan:), Lepcha ᰓᰫᰲ (búr), Mizo páar. Sagart (2021) also connects it to 葩 (OC *pʰˤra), modifying Baxter and Sagart's (2014) reconstruction to *Cə-pʰˤra and proposing the sound changes *Cə-pʰ- > *Cə-ɸ- > *ɸ- > xw-.
Or from Austroasiatic; compare Proto-Mon-Khmer *pkaaw ~ *pkaʔ (“flower, blossom”).

華 (OC *ɡʷraː, “to flower”) is a derivative.

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): huā (hua1)
(Zhuyin): ㄏㄨㄚ
(Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): hua1
(Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): хуа (hua, I)
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): faa1
(Dongguan, Jyutping++): faa1
(Taishan, Wiktionary): fa1 / fa1*
Gan (Wiktionary): fa1
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): fâ
(Hailu, HRS): faˋ
(Meixian, Guangdong): fa1
(Changting, Changting Pinyin): fa1
Jin (Wiktionary): hua1
Northern Min (KCR): huá
Eastern Min (BUC): huă
Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): hua1
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): hoe / hoa
(Teochew, Peng'im): huê1 / hua1
(Leizhou, Leizhou Pinyin): hue1 / hua1
Southern Pinghua (Nanning, Jyutping++): waa1
Wu (Wugniu)
- (Northern): 1ho / 1hua / 1huo
- (Jinhua): 1hua
Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): fa1

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
  * Hanyu Pinyin: huā
  * Zhuyin: ㄏㄨㄚ
  * Tongyong Pinyin: hua
  * Wade–Giles: hua1
  * Yale: hwā
  * Gwoyeu Romatzyh: hua
  * Palladius: хуа (xua)
  * Sinological IPA (key): /xu̯ä⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, erhua-ed) (花兒／花儿)+
  * Hanyu Pinyin: huār
  * Zhuyin: ㄏㄨㄚㄦ
  * Tongyong Pinyin: huar
  * Wade–Giles: hua1-ʼrh
  * Yale: hwār
  * Gwoyeu Romatzyh: hual
  * Palladius: хуар (xuar)
  * Sinological IPA (key): /xu̯ɑɻ⁵⁵/
- (Chengdu)
  * Sichuanese Pinyin: hua1
  * Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: xua
  * Sinological IPA (key): /xua⁵⁵/
- (Dungan)
  * Cyrillic and Wiktionary: хуа (hua, I)
  * Sinological IPA (key): /xua²⁴/
(Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  * Jyutping: faa1
  * Yale: fā
  * Cantonese Pinyin: faa1
  * Guangdong Romanization: fa1
  * Sinological IPA (key): /faː⁵⁵/
- (Dongguan, Guancheng)
  * Jyutping++: faa1
  * Sinological IPA (key): /fa²¹³/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  * Wiktionary: fa1 / fa1*
  * Sinological IPA (key): /fa³³/, /fa³³⁻³³⁵/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  * Wiktionary: fa1
  * Sinological IPA (key): /fa⁴²/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  * Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: fâ
  * Hakka Romanization System: faˊ
  * Hagfa Pinyim: fa1
  * Sinological IPA: /fa²⁴/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
  * Hakka Romanization System: faˋ
  * Sinological IPA: /fa⁵³/
- (Meixian)
  * Guangdong: fa1
  * Sinological IPA: /fa⁴⁴/
- (Changting)
  * Changting Pinyin: fa1
  * Sinological IPA: /fa³³/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
  * Wiktionary: hua1
  * Sinological IPA (old-style): /xua¹¹/
Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
  * Kienning Colloquial Romanized: huá
  * Sinological IPA (key): /xua⁵⁴/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  * Bàng-uâ-cê: huă
  * Sinological IPA (key): /hua⁵⁵/
Puxian Min
- (Putian, Xianyou)
  * Pouseng Ping'ing: hua1
  * Sinological IPA (key): /hua⁵³³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Zhangpu, General Taiwanese, Singapore)
  * Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hoe
  * Tâi-lô: hue
  * Phofsit Daibuun: hoef
  * IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung, Singapore): /hue⁴⁴/
  * IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /hue³³/
  * IPA (Zhangpu): /huɛ⁵⁵/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese, Penang)
  * Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hoa
  * Tâi-lô: hua
  * Phofsit Daibuun: hoaf
  * IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Penang): /hua³³/
  * IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /hua⁴⁴/

Note:

Xiamen, Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Taiwan:
- hoe - vernacular;
- hoa - literary.
- (Teochew)
  * Peng'im: huê1 / hua1
  * Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hue / hua
  * Sinological IPA (key): /hue³³/, /hua³³/

Note:

huê1 - vernacular;
hua1 - literary.
- (Leizhou)
  * Leizhou Pinyin: hue1 / hua1
  * Sinological IPA: /huɛ³⁵/, /hua³⁵/

Note:

hue1 - vernacular;
hua1 - literary.
Southern Pinghua
- (Nanning Pinghua, Tingzi)
  * Jyutping++: waa1
  * Sinological IPA (key): /βa⁵³/
Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai, Suzhou)
  * Wugniu: 1ho
  * MiniDict: ho平
  * Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): 1ho
  * Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ho⁵³/
  * Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /ho⁴⁴/
- (Northern: Shanghai, Suzhou, Hangzhou)
  * Wugniu: 1hua
  * MiniDict: hua平
  * Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): 1hua
  * Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /hua⁵³/
  * Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /huɑ⁴⁴/
  * Sinological IPA (Hangzhou): /hua³³⁴/
- (Northern: Ningbo)
  * Wugniu: 1huo
  * MiniDict: huo平
  * Sinological IPA (Ningbo): /huo⁵²/
- (Jinhua)
  * Wugniu: 1hua
  * Sinological IPA (Jinhua): /huɑ³³⁴/

Note:

1ho - vernacular;
1hua - literary.
Xiang
- (Changsha)
  * Wiktionary: fa1
  * Sinological IPA (key): /ɸa̠³³/

Middle Chinese: xwae
Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*qʷʰˤra/
(Zhengzhang): /*hʷraː/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	花
Reading #	1/1
ModernBeijing(Pinyin)	huā
MiddleChinese	‹ xwæ ›
OldChinese	/*qʷʰˁra/
English	flower (n.)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	花
Reading #	1/1
No.	5326
Phoneticcomponent	化
Rimegroup	魚
Rimesubdivision	0
CorrespondingMC rime	華
OldChinese	/*hʷraː/
Notes	俗與華通用

花

flower; blossom (Classifier: 朵 m c; 支 m c; 蕊 h mn; 束 m c; 把 m; 盆 m c; 簇 m; 紮／扎 c)
太陽花／太阳花 ― tàiyánghuā ― sunflower
開花／开花 ― kāihuā ― to blossom
florid; flowery
花花綠綠／花花绿绿 ― huā hualǜlǜ ― colorful
pattern; design
花紋／花纹 ― huāwén ― decorative pattern
blurred
眼花 ― yǎnhuā ― to have blurred vision
fireworks
煙花／烟花 ― yānhuā ― fireworks
essence; cream
wound; wounded
- 本來呀，我可以狠狠的教訓他一頓，當著所有的太監和宮女面前，打得他臉蛋開花！ [MSC, _trad._]
  本来呀，我可以狠狠的教训他一顿，当着所有的太监和宫女面前，打得他脸蛋开花！ [MSC, _simp._]
  Běnlái ya, wǒ kěyǐ hěnhēn de jiàoxùn tā yī dùn, dāng zhe suǒyǒu de tàijiān hé gōngnǚ miànqián, dǎ de tā liǎndàn kāi huā! [Pinyin]
  (please add an English translation of this quotation)
- 你沒有對人家怎麼樣？你看那姑娘臉都花了！ [MSC, _trad._]
  你没有对人家怎么样？你看那姑娘脸都花了！ [MSC, _simp._]
  Nǐ méiyǒu duì rénjiā zěnmeyàng? Nǐ kàn nà gūniang liǎn dōu huā lei! [Pinyin]
  (please add an English translation of this quotation)
- 2004, 臧希, 臧里, “英雄气概（下）” (11:03 from the start), in 家有儿女, season 1, episode 34, 马书良 (actor):
  一进门啊，我先 □他个满脸花。让他服软。 [Beijing Mandarin, _simp._]
  一進門啊，我先 □他個滿臉花。讓他服軟。 [Beijing Mandarin, _trad._]
  Yī jìn ménr a, wǒ xiān cèi tā ge mǎn liǎn huā. Ràng tā fúruǎnr. [Pinyin]
  (please add an English translation of this quotation)
Short for 天花 (tiānhuā, “smallpox”).
種花／种花 ― zhònghuā ― to vaccinate against smallpox
courtesan; prostitute
to spend (money, time, etc.); to cost
這件衣服花了不到一百塊 [MSC, _trad._]
这件衣服花了不到一百块 [MSC, _simp._]
zhè jiàn yīfú huā le bùdào yībǎi kuài [Pinyin]
This clothing cost less than 100 yuan.
profligate
(slang) randy; lecherous
(slang) to be horny; to womanize
儂又要去花儂個女朋友了是𠲎？ [Shanghainese, _trad._]
侬又要去花侬个女朋友了是𠲎？ [Shanghainese, _simp._]
From: 2007, 上海话大词典, page 52
6non 6yeu 5iau 5chi 1ho 6non 8gheq 6gniu-baon-yeu 0leq 6zy-va [Wugniu]
You're going to seduce your girlfriend again aren't you?
false
(Cantonese) scratched
佢著咗呢對鞋兩個月就已經花嗮喇。 [Cantonese, _trad._]
佢着咗呢对鞋两个月就已经花嗮喇。 [Cantonese, _simp._]
keoi5 zoek3 zo2 ni1 deoi3 haai4 loeng5 go3 jyut6 zau6 ji5 ging1 faa1 saai3 laa3. [Jyutping]
He's worn the shoes for only two months and they're already all scratched up.
個底花嗮／个底花嗮 [Cantonese] ― go3 dai2 faa1 saai3 [Jyutping] ― to have a bad record
(Cantonese, of images, drawings, patterns, etc.) over-colorful; chaotic; messy
(Cantonese, card games) flush
(Hong Kong) pip (insignia) (Classifier: 粒 c)

男人婆，同我叫嗮啲膊頭有花嘅即刻上嚟！ [Cantonese, _trad._]
男人婆，同我叫嗮啲膊头有花嘅即刻上嚟！ [Cantonese, _simp._]
naam4 jan4 po4, tung4 ngo5 giu3 saai3 di1 bok3 tau4 jau5 faa1 ge3 zik1 kaak1 soeng5 lei4! [Jyutping]
Tomboy, call everyone who has pips on their shoulder to here!

(Xiamen and Zhangzhou Hokkien) to extinguish; to put out (of fire)
(Quanzhou Hokkien) to disappear (of a scar)
(dialectal Mandarin, Northern Wu) Clipping of 棉花 (“cotton”).

張家裡囡兒末張家裡花張家裡囡兒末登勒田中卸棉花 [Northern Wu, _trad._]
张家里囡儿末张家里花张家里囡儿末登勒田中卸棉花 [Northern Wu, _simp._]
From: [1], "Of whose family's this daughter, of whose family these blooms" (啥人家囡兒啥人家花), Southern Wuxi folklore tune
1tsan-ka1-li0 6noe-gni2-meq8 1tsan-ka1-li0 1hu 1tsan-ka1-li0 6noe-gni2-meq8 1ten-leq8 2die-tson1 5sia 2mie-hu1 [Wugniu]
Of the Chang family is this daughter; for the Chang family this cotton blooms. It is a daughter of the Chang family, who unloads cotton here in these fields.

(Shanghainese) to tease
儂覅來花我了，我根本覅儂搿本書。 [Shanghainese, _trad._]
侬覅来花我了，我根本覅侬搿本书。 [Shanghainese, _simp._]
From: 2007, 上海话大词典, page 52
6non 6viau 6le 1ho-ngu6-leq0 6ngu 1ken-pen5 6viau 6non 8geq-pen6 1sy [Wugniu]
Stop teasing me, I didn't even want your book in the first place.
a surname. Hua

(flower):

Dialectal synonyms of 花朵 (“flower”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese	花, 華
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)	花朵, 花
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	花兒
Taiwan	花
Ulanhot	花兒
Tongliao	花兒
Chifeng	花兒
Hulunbuir (Hailar)	花兒
Shenyang	花
Singapore	花
Jilu Mandarin	Jinan	花
Jiaoliao Mandarin	Yantai (Muping)	花
Central Plains Mandarin	Luoyang	花兒
Wanrong	花兒
Zhengzhou	花兒
Xi'an	花
Xining	花兒, 花
Xuzhou	花兒
Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan)	花兒
Masanchin (Shaanxi Dungan)	花
Lanyin Mandarin	Yinchuan	花
Bayanhot	花兒
Lanzhou	花兒, 花
Ürümqi	花
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	花
Wuhan	花
Guiyang	花
Kunming	花
Guilin	花
Liuzhou	花
Jianghuai Mandarin	Nanjing	花
Yangzhou	花
Hefei	花
Cantonese	Guangzhou	花
Hong Kong	花
Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou)	花
Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou)	花
Hong Kong (Ting Kok)	花
Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau)	花
Macau	花
Guangzhou (Panyu)	花
Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu)	花
Guangzhou (Conghua)	花
Guangzhou (Zengcheng)	花
Foshan	花
Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai)	花
Foshan (Shunde)	花
Foshan (Sanshui)	花
Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming)	花
Zhongshan (Shiqi)	花
Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou)	花
Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka)	花
Zhuhai (Doumen)	花
Jiangmen (Baisha)	花
Jiangmen (Xinhui)	花
Taishan	花
Kaiping (Chikan)	花
Enping (Niujiang)	花
Heshan (Yayao)	花
Dongguan	花
Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an)	花
Shaoguan	花
Yunfu	花
Yangjiang	花
Xinyi	花
Lianjiang	花
Nanning	花
Wuzhou	花
Yulin	花
Hepu (Lianzhou)	花
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	花
Singapore (Guangfu)	花
Gan	Nanchang	花
Lichuan	花
Pingxiang	花
Hakka	Meixian	花
Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua)	花
Dongguan (Qingxi)	花
Shenzhen (Shatoujiao)	花
Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui)	花
Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua)	花
Yudu	花
Miaoli (N. Sixian)	花
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	花
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	花
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	花
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	花
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	花
Hong Kong	花
Luchuan (Daqiao)	花
Senai (Huiyang)	花
Singkawang	花
Huizhou	Jixi	花
Jin	Taiyuan	花兒
Pingyao	花
Xinzhou	花兒
Taibus (Baochang)	花兒
Linhe	花
Jining	花兒
Hohhot	花兒
Baotou	花兒
Dongsheng	花兒
Haibowan	花兒
Northern Min	Jian'ou	花
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	花
Fuqing	花
Matsu	花
Southern Min	Xiamen	花, 花蕊
Quanzhou	花, 花蕊
Zhangzhou	花, 花蕊
Taipei	花, 花蕊
Penang (Hokkien)	花
Singapore (Hokkien)	花
Manila (Hokkien)	花
Pingnan (Shangdu)	花
Chaozhou	花
Johor Bahru (Teochew)	花
Singapore (Teochew)	花
Leizhou	花
Haikou	花
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	花, 花朵
Northern Pinghua	Guilin (Dahe)	花
Shehua	Fu'an	花
Fuding	花
Luoyuan	花
Sanming	花
Shunchang	花
Hua'an	花
Guixi (Zhangping)	花
Cangnan	花
Jingning (Hexi)	花
Lishui	花
Longyou	花
Chaozhou	花
Fengshun	花
Wu	Shanghai	花
Shanghai (Chongming)	花
Suzhou	花
Hangzhou	花
Ningbo	花
Wenzhou	花
Jinhua	花
Xiang	Changsha	花
Loudi	花
Shuangfeng	花
Quanzhou	花

(to spend time): (Cantonese, Hakka, Teochew) 使; (Hokkien, Teochew) 開／开
(cotton):

Dialectal synonyms of 棉花 (“cotton”) [map]

串花
九花 (jiǔhuā)
乾花／干花
亂花／乱花
五花 (wǔhuā)
五花茶 (wǔhuāchá)
六花
冬花 (dōnghuā)
冰花 (bīnghuā)
加花 (jiāhuā)
印花 (yìnhuā)
名花 (mínghuā)
唐花 (tánghuā)
喜花
國花／国花 (guóhuā)
團花／团花
坐花廳／坐花厅
堆花
壁花
壓花／压花
夏花
多花
大花
大花筒
天花 (tiānhuā)
女花
好花
宮花／宫花
小五花
川蟬花／川蝉花
市花 (shìhuā)
帽花
心花 (xīnhuā)
扎花
打花
押花
拗花
挑花
拮花
拱花
捧花
採花／采花 (cǎihuā)
掛花／挂花 (guàhuā)
探花 (tànhuā)
插花 (chāhuā)
揚花／扬花
提花
摘花
撲花／扑花
撒花 (sǎhuā)
攀枝花 (pānzhīhuā)
放花
旗花
昏花 (hūnhuā)
春花
曇花／昙花 (tánhuā)
杏花 (xìnghuā)
松花 (sōnghuā)
校花 (xiàohuā)
桂花 (guìhuā)
桃花 (táohuā)
桃花山 (Táohuāshān)
梅花 (méihuā)
棉花
棣花 (Dìhuā)
棉花糖 (miánhuātáng)
楊花／杨花 (yánghuā)
榴花
槐花 (huáihuā)
榜花
橙花
櫻花／樱花 (yīnghuā)
水翁花
水花 (shuǐhuā)
油花
浮花
浪花 (lànghuā)
淚花／泪花 (lèihuā)
渾花／浑花
澆花／浇花 (jiāohuā)
火花 (huǒhuā)
炙棉花
烙花 (làohuā)
煙花／烟花 (yānhuā)
燙花／烫花 (tànghuā)
燈花／灯花
燭花／烛花
牙花
獻花／献花 (xiànhuā)
珠花
球花
璇花
生花 (shēnghuā)
番紅花／番红花 (fānhónghuā)
當花／当花
發花／发花
白花 (báihuā)
百花 (bǎihuā)
皮花
盆花
眼花 (yǎnhuā)
石花 (shíhuā)
碎花
禮花／礼花
秋花
種花／种花 (zhònghuā)
穎花／颖花
空花
窗花 (chuānghuā)
簪花
紅花／红花 (hónghuā)
紅花套／红花套 (Hónghuātào)
紫花 (zǐhuā)
繡花／绣花 (xiùhuā)
羞花
群花 (qúnhuā)
翎花
翠花鋪／翠花铺 (Cuìhuāpù)
背花
胸花
腦花／脑花 (nǎohuā)
腰花 (yāohuā)
腿花
花不棱登 (huābulēngdēng)
花不起
花乳
花事
花令
花俏 (huāqiào)
花信
花假
花兒／花儿
花兒匠／花儿匠
花兒樣子／花儿样子
花兒洞子／花儿洞子
花兒針／花儿针
花冠 (huāguān)
花冰
花判
花利
花劍／花剑 (huājiàn)
花功
花勝／花胜
花匠 (huājiàng)
花卉 (huāhuì)
花叢／花丛 (huācóng)
花古 (Huāgǔ)
花史
花名 (huāmíng)
花名冊／花名册 (huāmíngcè)
花呢
花和尚 (huāhéshàng)
花哄
花品
花哨 (huāshào)
花器 (huāqì)
花圃 (huāpǔ)
花圈 (huāquān)
花國／花国
花園／花园 (huāyuán)
花團／花团
花團錦簇／花团锦簇 (huātuánjǐncù)
花坪 (Huāpíng)
花城 (Huāchéng)
花報／花报
花塢／花坞
花壇／花坛 (huātán)
花多眼亂／花多眼乱 (huāduōyǎnluàn)
花大姐 (huādàjiě)
花大著／花大着
花天酒地 (huātiānjiǔdì)
花好月圓／花好月圆 (huāhǎoyuèyuán)
花姑
花娘 (huāniáng)
花子
花字
花季
花容
花容月貌 (huāróngyuèmào)
花屋
花屋脊 (Huāwūjǐ)
花崗岩／花岗岩 (huāgāngyán)
花嶼／花屿 (Huāyǔ)
花巧
花市 (huāshì)
花布 (huābù)
花帳／花帐
花帽
花序 (huāxù)
花廠／花厂
花廳／花厅
花式 (huāshì)
花形
花彫／花雕
花徑／花径 (huājìng)
花心 (huāxīn)
花息
花戶／花户
花房 (huāfáng)
花打
花托 (huātuō)
花把勢／花把势
花招 (huāzhāo)
花押 (huāyā)
花拳
花拳繡腿／花拳绣腿 (huāquánxiùtuǐ)
花捐
花掉
花捲／花卷 (huājuǎn)
花描
花插
花教 (Huājiào)
花旗 (Huāqí)
花旦 (huādàn)
花星
花會／花会 (huāhuì)
花朝
花期 (huāqī)
花朝月夕
花木
花木蘭／花木兰
花朵 (huāduǒ)
花材
花束 (huāshù)
花果 (huāguǒ)
花枝 (huāzhī)
花林寺 (Huālínsì)
花枝招展 (huāzhīzhāozhǎn)
花架 (huājià)
花柄 (huābǐng)
花柳 (huāliǔ)
花柱
花根
花格
花梨
花梗 (huāgěng)
花棒
花棵
花椒 (huājiāo)
花楸
花椰菜 (huāyēcài)
花槍／花枪
花樣／花样 (huāyàng)
花樓／花楼 (Huālóu)
花機／花机
花櫚／花榈
花毽
花池子 (huāchízi)
花活 (huāhuó)
花海
花消
花湖 (Huāhú)
花炮 (huāpào)
花燈／花灯 (huādēng)
花燈戲／花灯戏
花燭／花烛 (huāzhú)
花牆／花墙
花片 (huāpiàn)
花牌 (huāpái)
花王 (huāwáng)
花環／花环 (huāhuán)
花瓜
花瓣 (huābàn)
花瓶 (huāpíng)
花生 (huāshēng)
花用
花田
花甲 (huājiǎ)
花界
花畦
花痴 (huāchī)
花白 (huābái)
花盆 (huāpén)
花盒
花盤／花盘 (huāpán)
花相
花眼 (huāyǎn)
花破
花磚／花砖 (huāzhuān)
花神
花稍
花童
花筒
花箋／花笺
花簇 (huācù)
花籃／花篮 (huālán)
花粉 (huāfěn)
花糊
花糕
花紅／花红 (huāhóng)
花約／花约
花紅柳綠／花红柳绿 (huāhóngliǔlǜ)
花紋／花纹 (huāwén)
花紗布／花纱布
花絮 (huāxù)
花絲／花丝 (huāsī)
花縣／花县 (Huāxiàn)
花繡／花绣
花罈／花坛
花翎
花翠
花肥
花脣／花唇
花腔 (huāqiāng)
花腿
花臉／花脸 (huāliǎn)
花臣
花臺／花台 (huātái)
花舌 (huāshé)
花船
花色 (huāsè)
芫花 (yuánhuā)
花芽
花花世界 (huāhuāshìjiè)
花花公子 (huāhuā gōngzǐ)
花花搭搭
花花綠綠／花花绿绿
花花腸子／花花肠子 (huāhua chángzi)
花苗 (huāmiáo)
花苞 (huābāo)
花茶 (huāchá)
花草 (huācǎo)
花莖／花茎 (huājīng)
花菜 (huācài)
花著／花着 (huāzhāo)
花萼 (huā'è)
花葯／花药 (huāyào)
花蓮／花莲 (Huālián, “Hualien”)
花蕊 (huāruǐ)
花蕩／花荡
花蕾 (huālěi)
花虻
花蚤
花蛤 (huāgé)
花蛢
花蜜 (huāmì)
花街 (huājiē)
花街柳巷
花衣
花衫
花被
花裀
花裡胡哨／花里胡哨 (huālihúshào)
花西 (Huāxī)
花言巧語／花言巧语 (huāyánqiǎoyǔ)
花語／花语 (huāyǔ)
花貓／花猫 (huāmāo)
花費／花费
花賊／花贼
花賬／花账
花車／花车 (huāchē)
花軸／花轴 (huāzhóu)
花轎／花轿 (huājiào)
花農／花农 (huānóng)
花道 (huādào)
花邊／花边 (huābiān)
花郎
花部
花都 (Huādū)
花酒 (huājiǔ)
花釵／花钗
花鈿／花钿 (huādiàn)
花銀／花银
花銷／花销 (huāxiao)
花錢／花钱 (huāqián)
花鎗／花枪
花鏟／花铲
花鏡／花镜 (huājìng)
花門／花门
花開堪折直須折／花开堪折直须折 (huā kāi kān zhé zhí xū zhé)
花院
花陰／花阴 (huāyīn)
花障
花雕 (huādiāo)
花雞坡／花鸡坡 (Huājīpō)
花露 (huālù)
花露水 (huālùshuǐ)
花青
花面
花面狸
花面貓／花面猫
花鞋
花項／花项
花頭／花头 (huātou)
花飾／花饰 (huāshì)
花香 (huāxiāng)
花香鳥語／花香鸟语
花骨朵 (huāgūduo)
花體／花体 (huātǐ)
花鬚／花须
花鬨／花哄
花魁 (huākuí)
花魚湖／花鱼湖 (Huāyúhú)
花鯽／花鲫
花鳥／花鸟 (huāniǎo)
花鹽／花盐
花黃／花黄
花點子／花点子
花鼓 (huāgǔ)
花鼓戲／花鼓戏 (huāgǔxì)
茉莉花 (mòlìhuā)
茉莉花茶 (mòlìhuā chá)
茶花 (cháhuā)
荷花 (héhuā)
荷花堰 (Héhuāyàn)
菊花 (júhuā)
著花
菱花
菜花 (càihuā)
菊花茶 (júhuā chá)
萱花
葵花 (kuíhuā)
落花 (luòhuā)
萼花
蒔花／莳花
蓼花 (liǎohuā)
蔥花／葱花 (cōnghuā)
蓮花／莲花 (liánhuā)
蕘花／荛花
藏紅花／藏红花 (zànghónghuā)
藕花 (ǒuhuā)
蘆花／芦花
蘭花／兰花 (lánhuā)
蘚花／藓花
蠟花／蜡花
蠶花／蚕花
血花
補花／补花 (bǔhuā)
裸花
謊花／谎花
豆花 (dòuhuā)
豆蔻花
貪花／贪花
貼花／贴花
賣花／卖花
賞花／赏花 (shǎnghuā)
蹄花
郵花／邮花
酒花 (jiǔhuā)
野花 (yěhuā)
金銀花／金银花 (jīnyínhuā)
鉋花／刨花
銀花／银花
鏡花／镜花
鏤花／镂花
鐵花／铁花
開花／开花 (kāihuā)
雄花 (xiónghuā)
雌花 (cíhuā)
雕花
雪花 (xuěhuā)
零花 (línghuā)
青花 (qīnghuā)
風花雪月／风花雪月 (fēnghuāxuěyuè)
飛花／飞花 (fēihuā)
香花 (xiānghuā)
馬刺花／马刺花 (mǎcìhuā)
鬧羊花／闹羊花
魚花／鱼花 (yúhuā)
鮮花／鲜花 (xiānhuā)
鳥語花香／鸟语花香 (niǎoyǔhuāxiāng)
鶯花／莺花
鹽花／盐花
麻花 (máhuā)
黃花／黄花 (huánghuā)
墨花

Others:

→ Ai-Cham: hwa¹
→ Zhuang: va
“花”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎[2], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
“Entry #4442”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2024.

花

(First grade kyōiku kanji)

Go-on: け (ke)←_け_ (ke, historical)←_くゑ_ (kwe, ancient)
Kan-on: か (ka, Jōyō)←_くわ_ (kwa, historical)
Kun: はな (hana, 花, Jōyō)
Nanori: あや (aya)、_はる_ (haru)

Kanji in this term
花
はなGrade: 1
kun'yomi

Alternative spelling
華

/pana/ → /fana/ → /hana/

From Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *pana.

(Tokyo) はな [hànáꜜ] (Odaka – [2])[1]
IPA(key): [ha̠na̠]
(Osaka) はな [háꜜnà] (Atamadaka – [1])
IPA(key): [ha̠na̠]

花(はな) • (hana)

a flower
**花(はな)**が咲(さ)く頃(ごろ)
hana ga saku goro
when the flowers bloom
- 1999 February 4, “火(か)炎(えん)草(そう)”, in Vol.1, Konami:
  火(か)山(ざん)の近(ちか)くに生(せい)息(そく)する草(くさ)。**花(はな)**から火(か)炎(えん)を吹(ふ)き攻(こう)撃(げき)する。
  Kazan no chikaku ni seisoku suru kusa. Hana kara kaen o fuki kōgeki suru.
  A grass that grows near volcanoes. It breathes fire from its flowers.
- 1999 March 1, “ダーク・プラント”, in BOOSTER 1, Konami:
  汚(お)染(せん)された土(つち)と闇(やみ)の力(ちから)で育(そだ)てられた**花(はな)**。とても凶(きょう)暴(ぼう)。
  Osen sareta tsuchi to yami no chikara de sodaterareta hana. Totemo kyōbō.
  A flower that grows from polluted soil and dark powers. It is very nasty.
- 1999 May 25, “深(しん)淵(えん)に咲(さ)く花(はな)”, in BOOSTER 2, Konami:
  光(ひかり)の届(とど)かない深(しん)淵(えん)にひっそりと咲(さ)く、あまり見(み)かけない**花(はな)**。
  Hikari no todokanai shin'en ni hissori to saku, amari mikakenai hana.
  A rarely seen flower that silently blooms in the depths of the abyss where the sun never shines.
- 1999 July 5, “命(いのち)ある花(か)瓶(びん)”, in BOOSTER 3, Konami:
  生(い)けてある**花(はな)**から、花(か)粉(ふん)を飛(と)ばし噛(か)みついてくる生(い)きている花(か)瓶(びん)。
  Iketearu hana kara, kafun o tobashi kamitsuitekuru ikiteiru kabin.
  A living vase that bites and releases pollen from its living flowers.
Short for 生け花 (ikebana): flower arrangement
Short for 花札 (hanafuda): Japanese playing cards
the best days of one's life
the best thing
essence

はな

生(い)け花(ばな) (ikebana), 生(いけ)花(ばな) (ikebana, “Japanese flower arranging”)
花(はな)暦(ごよみ) (hanagoyomi, “flower calendar”)
花(はな)園(ぞの) (hanazono, “flower garden”)
花(はな)束(たば) (hanataba, “bouquet”)
花(はな)茶(ちゃ) (hanacha, “flower tea”)
花(はな)火(び) (hanabi, “fireworks”)
花(はな)びら, 花(はな)弁(びら) (hanabira, “flower petal”)
花(はな)見(み) (hanami, “flower viewing”)
花(はな)婿(むこ) (hanamuko, “bridegroom”)
花(はな)屋(や) (hanaya, “florist; flower shop”)
花(はな)嫁(よめ) (hanayome, “bride”)
花(はな)輪(わ) (hanawa, “garland; wreath”)
火(ひ)花(ばな) (hibana, “spark”, literally “fire flower”)

Kanji in this term
花
かGrade: 1
on'yomi

花(か) • (ka) ←**くわ** (kwa)?

か

花被(かひ) (kahi, “perianth”)
紫陽花(アジサイ) (ajisai, “Hydrangea macrophylla, bigleaf hydrangea”)
無花果(イチジク) (ichijiku, “fig (tree)”)
桜(おう)花(か) (ōka, “cherry blossom”)
女郎花(オミナエシ) (ominaeshi, “Patrinia scabiosifolia, golden lace”)
開(かい)花(か) (kaika, “flowering; blooming”)
花(か)期(き) (kaki, “flowering season”)
燕子花(カキツバタ) (kakitsubata, “Iris laevigata, rabbit-ear iris”)
花(か)壇(だん) (kadan, “flowerbed”)
花(か)瓶(びん) (kabin, “vase”)
花(か)粉(ふん) (kafun, “pollen”)
花(か)弁(べん) (kaben, “petal”)
落(らっ)花(か) (rakka, “falling leaves”)
花(か)蜜(みつ) (kamitsu, “nectar”)
花(カ)梨(リン) (karin, “Pseudocydonia sinensis, Chinese quince”)
花(カ)櫚(リン) (karin, “Pterocarpus indicus, Burmese rosewood”)
花(きゃ)車(しゃ) (kyasha, “dainty, delicate, fragile”, literally “flower car”)
鏡(きょう)花(か)水(すい)月(げつ) (kyōka suigetsu, “metaphor for something that can be seen but not touched”, literally “flower in a mirror, moon in the water”)
山(サ)茶(ザン)花(カ) (sazanka, “Camellia sasanqua, sasanqua”)
石(シャク)楠(ナ)花(ゲ) (shakunage, “one of several species of rhododendron native to east Asia”)
桃(とう)花(か) (tōka, “peach blossom”)
浪花(なにわ) (Naniwa, “old name for Osaka”)
凌霄花(ノウゼンカズラ) (nōzenkazura, “Campsis grandiflora, Chinese trumpet vine”)
→ Amis: hana
→ Yami: hana

^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

花

(First grade kyōiku kanji)

Kun: ふぁな (fana, 花)

Cognate to Japanese 花 (はな, hana).

花(ふぁな) (fana)

flower

“ふぁな【花】” in JLect - Japonic Languages and Dialects Database Dictionary, 2019.

From Middle Chinese 花 (MC xwae).

Historical Readings
Dongguk Jeongun Reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448	황 (Yale: hwà)
Middle Korean
Text	Eumhun
*Gloss (hun)*	Reading
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[3]	곳 (Yale: kwòs)	화 (Yale: hwà)