誰 - Wiktionary, the free dictionary (original) (raw)

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

See also: 谁

Stroke order (Japan)

誰 (Kangxi radical 149, 言+8, 15 strokes, cangjie input 卜口人土 (YROG), four-corner 00614, composition ⿰訁隹)

• 𩀕, 𩽀, 𧀣, 䜃, 𪇻
• Kangxi Dictionary: page 1165, character 11
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 35686
• Dae Jaweon: page 1630, character 27
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3987, character 10
• Unihan data for U+8AB0

| | Old Chinese | | | -------------------------------- | --------------------- | | 蜼 | *lus, *rulʔ, *luls | | 堆 | *tuːl | | 嵟 | *tuːl | | 碓 | *tuːls | | 推 | *tʰuːl, *tʰjul | | 蓷 | *tʰuːl, *tʰjul | | 陮 | *duːlʔ | | 魋 | *duːl | | 嶊 | *stuːlʔ | | 崔 | *zluːl, *sʰluːl | | 猚 | *ŋreːl, *rulʔ | | 椎 | *dul | | 顀 | *dul | | 隹 | *tjul | | 錐 | *tjul | | 萑 | *kljul | | 騅 | *tjul | | 鵻 | *sɢʷinʔ, *tjul | | 誰 | *djul | | 脽 | *djul |

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *djul): semantic 言 (“speak”) + phonetic 隹 (OC *tjul).

From *du + *-i (“suffix in independent pronouns”); cognate with 疇 (OC *du, “who”), 孰 (OC *djɯwɢ, “which one; who”) (Schuessler, 2007). In other Sino-Tibetan languages, compare Mizo tû (“who; which”), Chepang दोह् (“what”), Proto-Kuki-Chin *tuu (“who; which (relativizer)”) (Schuessler, 2007; STEDT).

• Mandarin
  (Standard)
  (Pinyin): shéi, shuí (shei2, shui2)
  (Zhuyin): ㄕㄟˊ, ㄕㄨㄟˊ
  (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): sui2
  (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): сый (sɨy, I)
• Cantonese
  (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): seoi4
  (Taishan, Wiktionary): sui3
• Gan (Wiktionary): sui4
• Hakka
  (Sixian, PFS): sùi
  (Meixian, Guangdong): sui2
• Jin (Wiktionary): sei1 / sui1
• Northern Min (KCR): sṳ̌
• Eastern Min (BUC): sùi
• Southern Min
  (Hokkien, POJ): sûi / chûi
  (Teochew, Peng'im): sui5
• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 6zoe
• Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): xyei2

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, vernacular)+
    * Hanyu Pinyin: shéi
    * Zhuyin: ㄕㄟˊ
    * Tongyong Pinyin: shéi
    * Wade–Giles: shei2
    * Yale: shéi
    * Gwoyeu Romatzyh: sheir
    * Palladius: шэй (šɛj)
    * Sinological IPA (key): /ʂeɪ̯³⁵/
  • (Standard Chinese, literary)+
    * Hanyu Pinyin: shuí
    * Zhuyin: ㄕㄨㄟˊ
    * Tongyong Pinyin: shuéi
    * Wade–Giles: shui2
    * Yale: shwéi
    * Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shwei
    * Palladius: шуй (šuj)
    * Sinological IPA (key): /ʂu̯eɪ̯³⁵/
  • (Chengdu)
    * Sichuanese Pinyin: sui2
    * Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: sui
    * Sinological IPA (key): /suei²¹/
  • (Dungan)
    * Cyrillic and Wiktionary: сый (sɨy, I)
    * Sinological IPA (key): /sei²⁴/

  (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)

• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    * Jyutping: seoi4
    * Yale: sèuih
    * Cantonese Pinyin: soey4
    * Guangdong Romanization: sêu4
    * Sinological IPA (key): /sɵy̯²¹/
  • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
    * Wiktionary: sui3
    * Sinological IPA (key): /sui²²/
• Gan
  • (Nanchang)
    * Wiktionary: sui4
    * Sinological IPA (key): /sui³⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    * Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sùi
    * Hakka Romanization System: suiˇ
    * Hagfa Pinyim: sui2
    * Sinological IPA: /su̯i¹¹/
  • (Meixian)
    * Guangdong: sui2
    * Sinological IPA: /suɪ¹¹/
• Jin
  • (Taiyuan)+
    * Wiktionary: sei1 / sui1
    * Sinological IPA (old-style): /sei¹¹/, /suei¹¹/
• Northern Min
  • (Jian'ou)
    * Kienning Colloquial Romanized: sṳ̌
    * Sinological IPA (key): /sy²¹/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    * Bàng-uâ-cê: sùi
    * Sinological IPA (key): /sui⁵³/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    * Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sûi
    * Tâi-lô: suî
    * Phofsit Daibuun: suii
    * IPA (Kaohsiung): /sui²³/
    * IPA (Zhangzhou): /sui¹³/
    * IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei): /sui²⁴/
  • (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
    * Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chûi
    * Tâi-lô: tsuî
    * Phofsit Daibuun: zuii
    * IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sui²³/
    * IPA (Taipei): /t͡sui²⁴/

Note:

• sûi - literary;

• chûi - vernacular.

  • (Teochew)
    * Peng'im: sui5
    * Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: sûi
    * Sinological IPA (key): /sui⁵⁵/

• Wu

  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    * Wugniu: 6zoe
    * MiniDict: zoe去
    * Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): 3zoe
    * Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /zø²³/

• Xiang

  • (Changsha)
    * Wiktionary: xyei2
    * Sinological IPA (key): /ɕy̯e̞i̯¹³/

• Dialectal data

• Middle Chinese: dzywij

• Old Chinese
  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[d]uj/
  (Zhengzhang): /*djul/

誰

1. who; whom
   他是誰？／他是谁？ ― Tā shì shéi? ― Who is he?
   我們的老師是誰？ [MSC, _trad._]
   我们的老师是谁？ [MSC, _simp._]
   Wǒmen de lǎoshī shì shéi? [Pinyin]
   Who is our teacher?
   誰來了？／谁来了？ ― Shéi lái le? ― Who has come?
   我們遲到是誰的過失？ [MSC, _trad._]
   我们迟到是谁的过失？ [MSC, _simp._]
   Wǒmen chídào shì shéi de guòshī? [Pinyin]
   Whose fault is it that we are late?
   他們邀請誰了？／他们邀请谁了？ ― Tāmen yāoqǐng shéi le? ― Whom did they invite?
2. someone; anyone
   誰能幫我解開安全帶？ [MSC, _trad._]
   谁能帮我解开安全带？ [MSC, _simp._]
   Shéi néng bāng wǒ jiěkāi ānquándài? [Pinyin]
   Can someone help me to undo my seat belt?
   有誰願意跟我一起去嗎？ [MSC, _trad._]
   有谁愿意跟我一起去吗？ [MSC, _simp._]
   Yǒu shéi yuànyì gēn wǒ yīqǐ qù ma? [Pinyin]
   Does anyone want to go with me?
3. anyone; whoever
   誰想學英文，我就教他。 [MSC, _trad._]
   谁想学英文，我就教他。 [MSC, _simp._]
   Shéi xiǎng xué yīngwén, wǒ jiù jiāo tā. [Pinyin]
   I'll teach English to whoever wants to learn it.
4. a surname

• 乜誰 / 乜谁
• 兀誰 / 兀谁
• 捨我其誰 / 舍我其谁 (shěwǒqíshéi)
• 舍我其誰 / 舍我其谁 (shěwǒqíshéi)
• 舍我復誰 / 舍我复谁
• 莫敢誰何 / 莫敢谁何 (mògǎn-shuíhé)
• 誰人 / 谁人
• 誰何 / 谁何
• 誰們 / 谁们 (shéimen)
• 誰家 / 谁家 (shéijiā)
• 誰承望 / 谁承望
• 誰知 / 谁知
• 誰行 / 谁行
• 誰誰 / 谁谁
• 阿誰 / 阿谁
• 鹿死誰手 / 鹿死谁手

Contraction of 啥人 (siáⁿ-lâng).

• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): siâng / sâng / siáng

• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, General Taiwanese, Lukang, Yilan, Hsinchu, Singapore)
    * Pe̍h-ōe-jī: siâng
    * Tâi-lô: siâng
    * Phofsit Daibuun: siaang
    * IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Lukang, Yilan, Singapore): /siaŋ²⁴/
    * IPA (Kaohsiung): /siaŋ²³/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    * Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sâng
    * Tâi-lô: sâng
    * Phofsit Daibuun: saang
    * IPA (Quanzhou): /saŋ²⁴/
  • (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
    * Pe̍h-ōe-jī: siáng
    * Tâi-lô: siáng
    * Phofsit Daibuun: siarng
    * IPA (Taipei): /siaŋ⁵³/
    * IPA (Kaohsiung): /siaŋ⁴¹/

誰

1. (Southern Min) who; whom

Contraction of 底人 (tī-lâng).

• Southern Min
  (Hokkien, POJ): tiâng
  (Teochew, Peng'im): diang5

• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Kinmen, Magong, Singapore)
    * Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tiâng
    * Tâi-lô: tiâng
    * Phofsit Daibuun: diaang
    * IPA (Xiamen, Kinmen, Singapore): /tiaŋ²⁴/
  • (Teochew)
    * Peng'im: diang5
    * Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tiâng
    * Sinological IPA (key): /tiaŋ⁵⁵/

誰

1. (Hokkien, including Xiamen, Kinmenese, Magong and Singapore Hokkien; Teochew; Hainanese) who; whom

Contraction of 是誰／是谁 (chī-chūi).

• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): chūi

• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
    * Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chūi
    * Tâi-lô: tsuī
    * Phofsit Daibuun: zui
    * IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sui²²/
    * IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /t͡sui³³/
    * IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sui⁴¹/

誰

1. (Hokkien, chiefly Xiamen and Quanzhou Hokkien) who; whom

From shortening of 是誰／是谁 (chī-choa̍h), from 是誰仔／是谁仔 (chī-chūi-á).

• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): choa̍h / chôa / chiâ

• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
    * Pe̍h-ōe-jī: choa̍h
    * Tâi-lô: tsua̍h
    * Phofsit Daibuun: zoah
    * IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡suaʔ¹²¹/
  • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
    * Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chôa
    * Tâi-lô: tsuâ
    * Phofsit Daibuun: zoaa
    * IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sua¹³/
  • (Hokkien: Taichung)
    * Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chiâ
    * Tâi-lô: tsiâ
    * Phofsit Daibuun: ciaa

誰

1. (Hokkien, including Zhangzhou and Taichung Hokkien) who; whom

Dialectal synonyms of 誰 (“who; whom”) [map]

Question words

• 嗎／吗 (ma, “yes/no question particle”)
• 什麼／什么 (shénme, “what”)
• 怎麼／怎么 (zěnme, “how”)
• 什麼時候／什么时候 (shénme shíhou, “when”)
• 哪 (nǎ, “what, which”)
• 哪裡／哪里 (nǎlǐ), 哪兒／哪儿 (nǎr) (where)
• 呢 (ne, “reciprocal questions particle”)

誰

(Jōyō kanji)

• Go-on: ずい (zui)
• Kan-on: すい (sui)
• Kun: だれ (dare, 誰, Jōyō)、_た_ (ta, 誰)、_たれ_ (tare, 誰)
• 誰(すい)何(か) (suika)

/tare/ → /dare/

From earlier tare.[1][2][3][4]

The dare form appears from around the Edo period.[3] The voicing of the initial /t-/ to /d-/ is likely by analogy with other interrogative demonstratives 何れ (dore, “which one”), 何処 (doko, “where”). See etymology 2

Now the primary form, replacing earlier tare.

• (Tokyo) だれ [dáꜜrè] (Atamadaka – [1])[3][4]
• IPA(key): [da̠ɾe̞]

誰(だれ) • (dare)

1. interrogative personal pronoun: who, whom
   **誰(だれ)が誰(だれ)**を作(つく)ったのか
   dare ga dare o tsukutta no ka
   Who made who?
   • 2016, Makoto Shinkai, director, 君の名は。 [your name.], spoken by Taki Tachibana (Ryūnosuke Kamiki), Toho:
     お前は…誰だ？俺は どうしてここに来た？あいつに…あいつに会うために来た。助けるために来た。生きていてほしかった。誰だ？誰？誰に会いに来た？大事な人、忘れたくない人、忘れちゃダメな人！誰だ？誰だ？誰だ…誰だ⁉名前は⁉
     O-mae wa… dare da? Ore wa dōshite koko ni kita? Aitsu ni… Aitsu ni au tame ni kita. Tasukeru tame ni kita. Ikite ite hoshikatta. Dare da? Dare da? Dare ni ai ni kita? Daiji na hito, wasuretakunai hito, wasurecha dame na hito! Dare da? Dare da? Dare da… Dare da⁉ Namae wa⁉
     Who… are you? Why did I come here? To see her… I came to see her. I came to save her. I wanted her to live. Who was it? Who? Who did I come to see? Someone dear to me, someone I don't wanna forget, someone I must not forget! Who was it? Who was it? Who was it… Who⁉ What's your name⁉
   • 2016, Makoto Shinkai, director, 君の名は。 [your name.], spoken by Mitsuha Miyamizu (Mone Kamishiraishi), Toho:
     誰？誰？あの人は誰？大事な人、忘れちゃダメな人、忘れたくなかった人！誰？誰？君は誰？君の名前は⁉
     Dare? Dare? Ano hito wa dare? Daiji na hito, wasurecha dame na hito, wasuretakunakatta hito! Dare? Dare? Kimi wa dare? Kimi no namae wa⁉
     Who was it? Who? Who was he? Someone I hold dear, someone I must not forget, someone I did not want to forget! Who was he? Who? Who are you? What is your name⁉
2. (informal, clipping of 誰か) someone, anyone

• 誰誰(だれだれ), 誰々(だれだれ) (daredare)

• 誰(だれ)か (dare ka)

• 誰彼(だれかれ) (dare kare)

• 誰(だれ)知(し)らぬ (dare shiranu)

• 誰某(だれそれ) (dare sore)

• 誰(だれ)一人(ひとり) (dare hitori)

• 誰(だれ)も (dare mo)

• 誰言(だれい)うとなく (dare iu to naku)

• 誰(だれ)とはなしに (dare to hanashi ni)

• 誰(だれ)の目(め)にも (dare no me ni mo)

From Old Japanese, first attested in the Kojiki (712 CE) alongside its older form ta (see below).

Derived from older 誰 (ta, “who”) + れ (re, “thing”, demonstrative nominalizer ending). Compare the formation of これ (kore, “this”) from 此 (ko, “this”) + れ, 彼 (kare, “that one, that person”) from 彼 (ka, “that”) + れ (​re), etc.

Superseded by dare above starting from around the Edo period.[2][3] The tare form does not appear to be used anymore outside of poetry or intentionally archaic text.

• (Tokyo) たれ [táꜜrè] (Atamadaka – [1])[3]
• IPA(key): [ta̠ɾe̞]

誰(たれ) • (tare)

1. (archaic) interrogative personal pronoun: who, whom
2. (informal, clipping of 誰か) someone, anyone

For quotations using this term, see Citations:誰.

• 誰誰(たれたれ), 誰々(たれたれ) (taretare)

• 誰某(たれがし) (taregashi)

• 誰彼(たれかれ) (tare kare)

• 誰某(たれそれ) (tare sore), 誰某(たれぼう) (tarebō)

• 誰時(たれどき) (taredoki)

• 誰(たれ)の人(ひと) (tare no hito)

• 誰人(たれびと) (tarebito)

• 誰(たれ)も (tare mo)

• 誰(たれ)やし人(ひと) (tare ya shi hito)

• 誰(たれ)やの者(もの) (tare ya no mono)

• 誰(タレ)故(ユエ)草(ソウ) (tareyuesō)

• 彼(あれ)は誰(たれ)時(どき) (are wa taredoki)

• 彼(か)は誰(たれ)時(どき) (kawataredoki)

• 彼(か)は誰(たれ)星(ぼし) (kawatareboshi)

• 誰(たれ)かある (tare ka aru)

• 誰(たれ)か烏(からす)の雌(し)雄(ゆう)を知(し)らん (tare ka karasu no shiyū o shiran)

| | a-/wa-“I, we”(first person) | na-/-ma-“you, ye, thou”(second person) | k-“this”(close to speaker) | s-“that”(close to listener) | a-/ka-“that over there”(far from both) | i-/ta-/nani-“who, what, where, how, when”(interrogative) | ono-“oneself”(reflexive) | | | ------------------------------ | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | Person | あ (a)あれ (are)わ (wa)われ (ware)まろ (maro) | な (na)なれ (nare)なんぢ (nanji)まし (mashi)いまし (imashi)みまし (mimashi)きみ (kimi) | こ (ko)これ (kore) | そ (so)それ (sore) | あ (a)あれ (are)か (ka)かれ (kare) | た (ta)たれ (tare)なにがし (nanigashi) | おの (ono)おのれ (onore) | | Thing | | | こ (ko)これ (kore) | そ (so)それ (sore) | あ (a)あれ (are)か (ka)かれ (kare) | いづれ (izure)なに (nani) | | | Location | | | ここ (koko) | そこ (soko) | あしこ (ashiko)かしこ (kashiko) | いづく (izuku)いづこ (izuko)いどこ (idoko)どこ (doko) | | | Direction | | | こち (kochi)こなた (konata) | そち (sochi)そなた (sonata) | あち (achi)あなた (anata)かなた (kanata) | いづち (izuchi)いづら (izura)いづかた (izukata) | | | Manner | | | か (ka)かく (kaku)かくて (kakute)かう (kō) | さ (sa)さて (sate)しか (shika) | | いか (ika) | | | Time | | | | | | いつ (itsu) | |

From Old Japanese, first attested in the Kojiki, completed roughly 712 CE.[1]

Appears to be the oldest form.

• IPA(key): [ta̠]

誰(た) • (ta)

1. (obsolete, persists in some fossilized expressions) interrogative personal pronoun: who, whom

For quotations using this term, see Citations:誰.

• 誰(た)が (ta ga)
• 誰(た)そ (ta so)
• 黄昏(たそがれ) (tasogare)
• 誰(た)哉(そや)行灯(あんどん) (tasoya andon)

| | a-/wa-“I, we”(first person) | na-/-ma-“you, ye, thou”(second person) | k-“this”(close to speaker) | s-“that”(close to listener) | a-/ka-“that over there”(far from both) | i-/ta-/nani-“who, what, where, how, when”(interrogative) | ono-“oneself”(reflexive) | | | ------------------------------ | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | Person | あ (a)あれ (are)わ (wa)われ (ware)まろ (maro) | な (na)なれ (nare)なんぢ (nanji)まし (mashi)いまし (imashi)みまし (mimashi)きみ (kimi) | こ (ko)これ (kore) | そ (so)それ (sore) | あ (a)あれ (are)か (ka)かれ (kare) | た (ta)たれ (tare)なにがし (nanigashi) | おの (ono)おのれ (onore) | | Thing | | | こ (ko)これ (kore) | そ (so)それ (sore) | あ (a)あれ (are)か (ka)かれ (kare) | いづれ (izure)なに (nani) | | | Location | | | ここ (koko) | そこ (soko) | あしこ (ashiko)かしこ (kashiko) | いづく (izuku)いづこ (izuko)いどこ (idoko)どこ (doko) | | | Direction | | | こち (kochi)こなた (konata) | そち (sochi)そなた (sonata) | あち (achi)あなた (anata)かなた (kanata) | いづち (izuchi)いづら (izura)いづかた (izukata) | | | Manner | | | か (ka)かく (kaku)かくて (kakute)かう (kō) | さ (sa)さて (sate)しか (shika) | | いか (ika) | | | Time | | | | | | いつ (itsu) | |

• 何方(どなた) (donata, “who”, honorific)
• 何(ど)れ (dore), 何(いず)れ (izure, “which”)

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 .Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Matsumura, Akira (1995) 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN
3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

誰 • (su) (hangeul 수)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{[rfdef](/wiki/Template:rfdef#top "Template:rfdef")}}.

誰: Hán Nôm readings: thùy/thuỳ

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{[rfdef](/wiki/Template:rfdef#top "Template:rfdef")}}.