酸 - Wiktionary, the free dictionary (original) (raw)

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See also: 痠

酸 (Kangxi radical 164, 酉+7, 14 strokes, cangjie input 一田戈金水 (MWICE), four-corner 13647, composition ⿰酉夋)

• 𭋟, 𦾹, 𩆑
• Kangxi Dictionary: page 1283, character 15
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 39871
• Dae Jaweon: page 1783, character 12
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3585, character 3
• Unihan data for U+9178

| | Old Chinese | | | -------------------------------- | ----------------------------- | | 唆 | *sloːl | | 梭 | *sloːl | | 葰 | *sloːlʔ, *sroːlʔ, *slul | | 誜 | *sroːls | | 朘 | *ʔslon | | 捘 | *ʔsluːls, *ʔsluːns, *sʰlun | | 荾 | *slul | | 酸 | *sloːn | | 狻 | *sloːn | | 痠 | *sloːn | | 鋑 | *ʔslon | | 脧 | *ʔsluːl | | 悛 | *sʰlon | | 吮 | *zlonʔ, *ɦljunʔ | | 萒 | *ɡronʔ, *lonʔ | | 沇 | *lonʔ | | 抁 | *lonʔ | | 馻 | *lonʔ, *lunʔ | | 兖 | *lonʔ | | 渷 | *lonʔ | | 兗 | *lonʔ | | 焌 | *ʔsluːns, *ʔsluns, *sʰlud | | 允 | *lunʔ | | 狁 | *lunʔ | | 玧 | *lunʔ | | 俊 | *ʔsluns | | 晙 | *ʔsluns, *sluns | | 餕 | *ʔsluns | | 畯 | *ʔsluns | | 駿 | *ʔsluns | | 竣 | *sʰlun | | 皴 | *sʰlun | | 逡 | *sʰlun | | 踆 | *sʰlun | | 夋 | *sʰlun | | 埈 | *sluns | | 陖 | *sluns | | 鵕 | *sluns | | 浚 | *sluns | | 峻 | *sluns |

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sloːn) : semantic 酉 + phonetic 夋 (OC *sʰlun).

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *suːr ~ *swaːr (“sour; be acid”) (STEDT). Cognate with Mizo thûr (“acid; sour”).

• Mandarin
  (Standard)
  (Pinyin): suān (suan1)
  (Zhuyin): ㄙㄨㄢ
  (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): suan1
• Cantonese
  (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): syun1
  (Taishan, Wiktionary): lhon1 / lhon1*
• Gan (Wiktionary): son1
• Hakka
  (Sixian, PFS): sôn
  (Meixian, Guangdong): son1
• Jin (Wiktionary): suan1
• Eastern Min (BUC): sŏng
• Southern Min
  (Hokkien, POJ): sng / suiⁿ / soan
  (Teochew, Peng'im): seng1
• Wu (Northern, Wugniu): 1soe / 1suon
• Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): sonn1

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)+
    * Hanyu Pinyin: suān
    * Zhuyin: ㄙㄨㄢ
    * Tongyong Pinyin: suan
    * Wade–Giles: suan1
    * Yale: swān
    * Gwoyeu Romatzyh: suan
    * Palladius: суань (suanʹ)
    * Sinological IPA (key): /su̯än⁵⁵/
  • (Chengdu)
    * Sichuanese Pinyin: suan1
    * Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: suan
    * Sinological IPA (key): /suan⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    * Jyutping: syun1
    * Yale: syūn
    * Cantonese Pinyin: syn1
    * Guangdong Romanization: xun1
    * Sinological IPA (key): /syːn⁵⁵/
  • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
    * Wiktionary: lhon1 / lhon1*
    * Sinological IPA (key): /ɬᵘɔn³³/, /ɬᵘɔn³³⁻³³⁵/

Note: lhon1* - “vinegar”.

• Gan
  • (Nanchang)
    * Wiktionary: son1
    * Sinological IPA (key): /sɵn⁴²/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    * Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sôn
    * Hakka Romanization System: sonˊ
    * Hagfa Pinyim: son1
    * Sinological IPA: /son²⁴/
  • (Meixian)
    * Guangdong: son1
    * Sinological IPA: /sɔn⁴⁴/
• Jin
  • (Taiyuan)+
    * Wiktionary: suan1
    * Sinological IPA (old-style): /suæ̃¹¹/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    * Bàng-uâ-cê: sŏng
    * Sinological IPA (key): /souŋ⁵⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung, Tainan, Lukang, Sanxia, Kinmen, Magong, Hsinchu, Taichung, Singapore)
    * Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sng
    * Tâi-lô: sng
    * Phofsit Daibuun: sngf
    * IPA (Quanzhou, Lukang): /sŋ̍³³/
    * IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung, Tainan, Kinmen, Singapore): /sŋ̍⁴⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Yilan, Penang)
    * Pe̍h-ōe-jī: suiⁿ
    * Tâi-lô: suinn
    * Phofsit Daibuun: svuy
    * IPA (Zhangzhou, Yilan): /suĩ⁴⁴/
    * IPA (Penang): /suĩ³³/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    * Pe̍h-ōe-jī: soan
    * Tâi-lô: suan
    * Phofsit Daibuun: soafn
    * IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /suan⁴⁴/
    * IPA (Quanzhou): /suan³³/

Note:

• sng/suiⁿ - vernacular;

• soan - literary.

  • (Teochew)
    * Peng'im: seng1
    * Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: sṳng
    * Sinological IPA (key): /sɯŋ³³/

• Wu

  • (Northern: Shanghai, Suzhou)
    * Wugniu: 1soe
    * MiniDict: soe平
    * Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): 1soe
    * Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /sø⁵³/
    * Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /sø⁴⁴/
  • (Northern: Hangzhou)
    * Wugniu: 1suon
    * MiniDict: suon平
    * Sinological IPA (Hangzhou): /szʷõ³³⁴/

• Xiang

  • (Changsha)
    * Wiktionary: sonn1
    * Sinological IPA (key): /sõ³³/

• Middle Chinese: swan

• Old Chinese
  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[s]ˤor/
  (Zhengzhang): /*sloːn/

酸

1. sour; tart
   酸葡萄 ― suānpútáo ― sour grapes
   • Tang Dynasty, Fan Chuo, Manshu, chapter 7, part 7
     甘橘，大厘城有之，其味酸。 [Classical Chinese, trad. and _simp._]
     Gānjú, Dàlí chéng yǒu zhī, qí wèi suān. [Pinyin]
     Dali City has sweet tangerines, but their flavour is sour.
2. (chemistry) acid [from late 19th c.]
   鹽酸／盐酸 ― yánsuān ― hydrochloric acid
   Antonym: 鹼／碱 (jiǎn)
3. (Siyi Yue, Fuqing Eastern Min) vinegar
4. sick at heart; grieved; sad
5. Alternative form of 痠 (suān, “aching; sore; stiff”)
6. stingy; miserly
7. narrow-minded; pedantic
8. spoiled; rancid
9. to satirize; to ridicule
10. (Internet slang) jealous; envious [from 2019]
    See also: 吃不到的葡萄是酸的, sour grapes
    See also: 醋, 吃醋
    alt. forms: 🍋
11. a surname

Dialectal synonyms of 酸 (“sour”) [map]

Dialectal synonyms of 醋 (“vinegar”) [map]

• 一元酸 (yīyuánsuān)

• 丁酸 (dīngsuān)

• 丙酸 (bǐngsuān)

• 乙酸 (yǐsuān)

• 乙酸 (yǐsuān)

• 乳酸 (rǔsuān)

• 乳酸菌 (rǔsuānjūn)

• 二元酸

• 亞硫酸／亚硫酸 (yàliúsuān)

• 亞硝酸／亚硝酸 (yàxiāosuān)

• 亞硝酸鹽／亚硝酸盐 (yàxiāosuānyán)

• 作酸

• 吃醋拈酸

• 吃醋撚酸

• 含酸

• 單寧酸／单宁酸 (dānníngsuān)

• 嘗酸／尝酸

• 寒心酸鼻

• 寒酸 (hánsuān)

• 寒酸措大

• 尖酸 (jiānsuān)

• 尖酸刻薄 (jiānsuānkèbó)

• 尿酸 (niàosuān)

• 己二酸 (jǐ'èrsuān)

• 己酸 (jǐsuān)

• 弱酸 (ruòsuān)

• 強酸／强酸 (qiángsuān)

• 心酸 (xīnsuān)

• 悲酸 (bēisuān)

• 戊酸 (wùsuān)

• 拈酸吃醋

• 捏酸

• 捻酸

• 撚酸

• 有機酸／有机酸

• 果酸 (guǒsuān)

• 枸櫞酸／枸橼酸 (jǔyuánsuān)

• 桂皮酸

• 核糖核酸 (hétánghésuān)

• 核苷酸 (hégānsuān)

• 核酸 (hésuān)

• 棕櫚酸／棕榈酸 (zōnglǘsuān)

• 檸檬酸／柠檬酸 (níngméngsuān)

• 氫氰酸／氢氰酸 (qīngqíngsuān)

• 氯酸 (lǜsuān)

• 水楊酸／水杨酸 (shuǐyángsuān)

• 油酸 (yóusuān)

• 溴酸 (xiùsuān)

• 琥珀酸 (hǔpòsuān)

• 甜酸苦辣 (tiánsuānkǔlà)

• 甲酸 (jiǎsuān)

• 發酸／发酸

• 發酵乳酸／发酵乳酸

• 矽酸 (xīsuān)

• 矽酸鹽／矽酸盐 (xīsuānyán)

• 硬脂酸 (yìngzhīsuān)

• 硝酸 (xiāosuān)

• 硫酸 (liúsuān)

• 硫酸菸鹼／硫酸烟碱

• 硫酸鈣／硫酸钙 (liúsuāngài)

• 硫酸鉀／硫酸钾 (liúsuānjiǎ)

• 硫酸銀／硫酸银 (liúsuānyín)

• 硫酸鐵／硫酸铁 (liúsuāntiě)

• 硫酸鹽／硫酸盐 (liúsuānyán)

• 硼酸 (péngsuān)

• 硼酸水

• 碳酸 (tànsuān)

• 碳酸氣／碳酸气 (tànsuānqì)

• 碳酸氫鹽／碳酸氢盐 (tànsuān qīng yán)

• 碳酸鈣／碳酸钙 (tànsuāngài)

• 磷酸 (línsuān)

• 磷酸礦／磷酸矿

• 磷酸鈣／磷酸钙 (línsuāngài)

• 窮酸／穷酸 (qióngsuān)

• 窮酸餓醋／穷酸饿醋

• 細酸／细酸

• 羧酸

• 肉酸 (juk6 syun1) (Cantonese)

• 肌酸 (jīsuān)

• 胃酸 (wèisuān)

• 胺基酸 (ànjīsuān)

• 脂肪酸 (zhīfángsuān)

• 腿酸

• 臉酸／脸酸

• 茄酸

• 草酸 (cǎosuān)

• 菸鹼酸／烟碱酸

• 葉酸／叶酸 (yèsuān)

• 蘋果酸／苹果酸 (píngguǒsuān)

• 蟻酸／蚁酸 (yǐsuān)

• 軟脂酸／软脂酸 (ruǎnzhīsuān)

• 辛酸 (xīnsuān)

• 透骨酸心

• 過錳酸鉀／过锰酸钾 (guòměngsuānjiǎ)

• 酒石酸 (jiǔshísuān)

• 酪酸 (làosuān)

• 酮酸 (tóngsuān)

• 酸丁

• 酸不唧

• 酸不拉唧

• 酸不溜丟／酸不溜丢 (suānbuliūdiū)

• 酸中毒 (suānzhòngdú)

• 酸乳

• 酸凝酪 (suānnínglào)

• 酸味 (suānwèi)

• 酸味兒／酸味儿

• 酸嘶

• 酸奶 (suānnǎi)

• 酸子 (suānzǐ)

• 酸寒

• 酸巴溜丟／酸巴溜丢

• 酸式鹽／酸式盐 (suānshìyán)

• 酸心 (suānxīn)

• 酸性 (suānxìng)

• 酸愴／酸怆

• 酸懷／酸怀

• 酸懶／酸懒

• 酸敗／酸败

• 酸文假醋

• 酸根

• 酸梅 (suānméi)

• 酸梅湯／酸梅汤 (suānméitāng)

• 酸棗／酸枣 (suānzǎo)

• 酸棗子／酸枣子

• 酸楚 (suānchǔ)

• 酸模 (suānmó)

• 酸溜溜 (suānliūliū)

• 酸漿／酸浆 (suānjiāng)

• 酸牛奶 (suānniúnǎi)

• 酸甜兒／酸甜儿

• 酸甜苦辣 (suāntiánkǔlà)

• 酸疼 (suānténg)

• 酸痛 (suāntòng)

• 酸礦／酸矿

• 酸腐

• 酸苦

• 酸菜 (suāncài)

• 酸藤

• 酸軟／酸软 (suānruǎn)

• 酸辛

• 酸辣

• 酸辣湯／酸辣汤 (suānlàtāng)

• 酸酐 (suāngān)

• 酸酪乳

• 酸雨 (suānyǔ)

• 酸餡／酸馅

• 酸馬奶／酸马奶

• 酸鹼值／酸碱值

• 酸鹼度／酸碱度

• 酸麻

• 酸鼻

• 醋酸 (cùsuān)

• 鉻酸鉀／铬酸钾 (gèsuānjiǎ)

• 雙氯芬酸／双氯芬酸 (shuānglǜfēnsuān)

• 鞣酸 (róusuān)

• 鬧酸款／闹酸款

• 鹽酸／盐酸 (yánsuān)

• 鹽酸草／盐酸草

• 鼻子一酸

• 鼻酸 (bísuān)

• →? Proto-Hmong-Mien: *suj (“sour”)

Basic tastes in Chinese · 味道 (layout · text)
甜 (tián)	酸 (suān)	鹹／咸 (xián)	苦	辣 (là)	鮮味／鲜味 (xiānwèi)

• “酸”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

酸

(Fifth grade kyōiku kanji)

1. sour
2. (chemistry) acid

• Go-on: さん (san, Jōyō)
• Kan-on: さん (san, Jōyō)
• Kun: すい (sui, 酸い, Jōyō)

Compounds

• アミノ酸(さん) (aminosan, “amino acid”)
• アルギン酸(さん) (aruginsan, “alginic acid”)
• 安(あん)息(そく)香(こう)酸(さん) (ansokukōsan, “benzoic acid”)
• 胃(い)酸(さん) (isan, “gastric acid”)
• 塩(えん)酸(さん) (ensan, “hydrochloric acid”)
• オクタデカン酸(さん) (okutadekan-san, “octadecanoic acid”)
• オレイン酸(さん) (orein-san, “oleic acid”)
• 核(かく)酸(さん) (kakusan, “nucleic acid”)
• カルボン酸(さん) (karubon-san, “carboxylic acid”)
• 蟻(ぎ)酸(さん) (gisan, “formic acid”)
• 枸(く)櫞(えん)酸(さん) (kuensan, “citric acid”)
• グルタミン酸(さん) (gurutaminsan, “glutamic acid”)
• 珪(けい)酸(さん) (keisan, “silicic acid”)
• 麹(こうじ)酸(さん) (kōjisan, “kojic acid”)
• 琥(こ)珀(はく)酸(さん) (kohakusan, “succinic acid”)
• 酢(さく)酸(さん) (sakusan, “acetic acid”)
• 酸(さん)化(か) (sanka, “oxidation”)
• 酸(さん)性(せい) (sansei, “acidity”)
• 酸(さん)素(そ) (sanso, “oxygen”)
• 酸(さん)鼻(び) (sanbi, “appalling, horrible”)
• 酸(さん)味(み) (sanmi, “sourness”)
• 脂(し)肪(ぼう)酸(さん) (shibōsan, “fatty acid”)
• 酒(しゅ)石(せき)酸(さん) (shusekisan, “tartaric acid”)
• 硝(しょう)酸(さん) (shōsan, “nitric acid”)
• 焦(しょう)性(せい)葡(ぶ)萄(どう)酸(さん) (shōseibudōsan, “pyruvic acid”)
• ステアリン酸(さん) (sutearin-san, “stearic acid”)
• 青(せい)酸(さん) (seisan, “hydrocyanic acid”)
• 石(せき)炭(たん)酸(さん) (sekitansan, “phenol (caustic compound derived from benzene)”)
• 炭(たん)酸(さん) (tansan, “carbonic acid”)
• 胆(たん)汁(じゅう)酸(さん) (tanjūsan, “bile acid”)
• 乳(にゅう)酸(さん) (nyūsan, “lactic acid”)
• 尿(にょう)酸(さん) (nyōsan, “uric acid”)
• 馬(ば)尿(にょう)酸(さん) (banyōsan, “hippuric acid”)
• パルミチン酸(さん) (parumichin-san, “palmitic acid”)
• 砒(ひ)酸(さん) (hisan, “arsenic acid”)
• 硼(ほう)酸(さん) (hōsan, “boric acid”)
• 油(ゆ)酸(さん) (yusan, “oleic acid”)
• 葉(よう)酸(さん) (yōsan, “folic acid”)
• 沃(よう)素(そ)酸(さん) (yōsosan, “iodic acid”)
• 酪(らく)酸(さん) (rakusan, “butyric acid”)
• 硫(りゅう)酸(さん) (ryūsan, “sulphuric acid”)
• 林(りん)檎(ご)酸(さん) (ringosan, “malic acid”)
• 燐(りん)酸(さん) (rinsan, “phosphoric acid”)

From Middle Chinese 酸 (suɑn).

• (Tokyo) さん [sáꜜǹ] (Atamadaka – [1])[1][2]
• IPA(key): [sã̠ɴ]

酸(さん) • (san)

1. sourness (quality or condition)
2. (chemistry) acid

酸(す) • (su)

1. Alternative spelling of 酢 (“vinegar”)

2. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

3. ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

酸 • (san) (hangeul 산, revised san, McCune–Reischauer san, Yale san)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{[rfdef](/wiki/Template:rfdef#top "Template:rfdef")}}.

酸: Hán Nôm readings: toan[1]

1. (chemistry, biochemistry) acid

• 染酸 (nhiễm toan)
• 渃強酸 (nước cường toan)
• 胃酸 (vị toan)
• 辛酸 (tân toan)
• 酸轉化 (toan chuyển hóa/toan chuyển hoá)

1. ^ Trần (1999).

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• Eastern Min proper nouns
• Hokkien proper nouns
• Teochew proper nouns
• Wu proper nouns
• Xiang proper nouns
• Middle Chinese proper nouns
• Old Chinese proper nouns
• Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation
• Chinese terms spelled with 酸
• Mandarin terms with collocations
• Literary Chinese terms with quotations
• zh:Chemistry
• Siyi Yue
• Fuqing Eastern Min
• Eastern Min Chinese
• Chinese internet slang
• Chinese surnames
• Beginning Mandarin
• Japanese kanji
• Japanese fifth grade kanji
• Japanese kyōiku kanji
• Japanese jōyō kanji
• ja:Chemistry
• Japanese kanji with goon reading さん
• Japanese kanji with kan'on reading さん
• Japanese kanji with kun reading す・い
• Japanese terms spelled with 酸 read as さん
• Japanese terms read with on'yomi
• Japanese terms derived from Middle Chinese
• Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation
• Japanese lemmas
• Japanese nouns
• Japanese terms with multiple readings
• Japanese terms spelled with fifth grade kanji
• Japanese terms with 1 kanji
• Japanese terms spelled with 酸
• Japanese single-kanji terms
• Japanese terms spelled with 酸 read as す
• Japanese terms read with kun'yomi
• ja:Taste
• Korean lemmas
• Korean hanja
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• vi:Chemistry
• vi:Biochemistry