planet - Wiktionary, the free dictionary (original) (raw)

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

Refer to caption

The eight planets (sense 3) of the Solar System

From Middle English planete, from Old French planete, from Latin planeta, planetes, from Ancient Greek πλανήτης (planḗtēs, “wanderer”) (itself an ellipsis of ἀστέρες πλανῆται (astéres planêtai, “wandering stars”)), from Ancient Greek πλανάω (planáō, “wander about, stray”), of unknown origin. Cognate with Latin pālor (“wander about, stray”), Old Norse flana (“to rush about”), and Norwegian flanta (“to wander about”). More at flaunt. So called because they have apparent motion, unlike the "fixed" stars. Originally including also the moon and sun but not the Earth; modern scientific sense of "world that orbits a star" is from 1630s in English. The Greek word is an enlarged form of πλάνης (plánēs, “who wanders around, wanderer”), also "wandering star, planet", in medicine "unstable temperature." Displaced native Old English tungol.

planet (plural planets)

  1. (now historical or astrology) Each of the seven major bodies which move relative to the fixed stars in the night sky—the Moon, Mercury, Venus, the Sun, Mars, Jupiter and Saturn. [from 14thc.]
    • 1603, Michel de Montaigne, chapter 12, in John Florio, transl., The Essayes […], book II, London: […] Val[entine] Simmes for Edward Blount […], →OCLC, page 260:
      Be they not dreames of humane vanity, […] to make of our knowne earth a bright shining planet [translating _astre_]?
    • 1749, Henry Fielding, Tom Jones, Folio Society, published 1973, page 288:
      The moon […] began to rise from her bed, where she had slumbered away the day, in order to sit up all night. Jones had not travelled far before he paid his compliments to that beautiful planet, and, turning to his companion, asked him if he had ever beheld so delicious an evening?
    • 1971, Keith Thomas, Religion and the Decline of Magic, Folio Society, published 2012, page 361:
      Another of Boehme's followers, the Welshman Morgan Llwyd, also believed that the seven planets could be found within man.
  2. (astronomy, historical) Any body that orbits the Sun, including the asteroids (as minor planets) and sometimes the moons of those bodies (as satellite planets)
    Synonyms: wandering star, wanderstar
    • 1640, John Wilkins, A Discovrse concerning a New Planet. Tending to prove, That 'tis probable our Earth is one of the Planets, title:
      A Discovrse concerning a New Planet. Tending to prove, That 'tis probable our Earth is one of the Planets
  3. (astronomy, current) A body which is massive enough to be in hydrostatic equilibrium (generally resulting in being an ellipsoid) but not enough to attain nuclear fusion and, in IAU usage, which directly orbits a star (or multiple star) and dominates the region of its orbit; specifically, in the case of the Solar system, the eight major bodies of Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune. [from 2006]
    Synonym: world
    Hypernym: planemo (in IAU usage)
    Hyponyms: binary planet, carbide planet, carbon planet, classical planet, diamond planet, double planet, dual planet, dwarf planet (in non-IAU usage), exoplanet, extrasolar planet, free-floating planet (in non-IAU usage), gas giant, giant planet, hycean planet, ice giant, inferior planet, inner planet, interstellar planet (in non-IAU usage), major planet, mesoplanet, minor planet (in non-IAU usage), outer planet, primary planet (in non-IAU usage), rogue planet (in non-IAU usage), satellite planet (in non-IAU usage), silicate planet, silicon planet, supergiant planet, superior planet, superplanet, terrestrial planet, water planet
    Coordinate terms: brown dwarf, sub-brown dwarf
    • 2006 December 22, Alok Jha, The Guardian:
      Their decision will force a rewrite of science textbooks because the solar system is now a place with eight planets and three newly defined "dwarf planets"—a new category of object that includes Pluto.
    • 2009 December 1, Keiichi Wada, Yusuke Tsukamoto, Eiichiro Kokubo, “Planet Formation around Supermassive Black Holes in the Active Galactic Nuclei”, in The Astrophysical Journal, volume 886, number 2, article 107:
    • 2023 November 29, Ashley Strickland, “Astronomers discover nearby six-planet solar system with ‘pristine configuration’”, in CNN‎[1]:
      The closest planet takes just over nine Earth days to complete an orbit around the star, and the most distant takes about 55 days. All of the planets have quicker revolutions around their star than Mercury, which takes 88 days to complete one lap around the sun.
  4. construed with the or this: The Earth.
    • 1907 August, Robert W[illiam] Chambers, chapter VIII, in The Younger Set, New York, N.Y.: D. Appleton & Company, →OCLC:
      "My tastes," he said, still smiling, "incline me to the garishly sunlit side of this planet." And, to tease her and arouse her to combat: "I prefer a farandole to a nocturne; I'd rather have a painting than an etching; Mr. Whistler bores me with his monochromatic mud; I don't like dull colours, dull sounds, dull intellects; […]."
    • 2013 June 7, David Simpson, “Fantasy of navigation”, in The Guardian Weekly, volume 188, number 26, page 36:
      It is tempting to speculate about the incentives or compulsions that might explain why anyone would take to the skies in [the] basket [of a balloon]: […]; perhaps to moralise on the oneness or fragility of the planet, or to see humanity for the small and circumscribed thing that it is; […].

each of the seven major bodies which move relative to the fixed stars in the night sky

rocky or gaseous spherical bodies orbiting the Sun

similar body in orbit around a star

Translations to be checked

planet m (plural planete, definite planeti, definite plural planetet)

  1. planet

Internationalism; ultimately from Latin planēta and Ancient Greek πλανήτης (planḗtēs, “wanderer, planet”).

planet (definite accusative planeti, plural planetlər)

  1. (astronomy) planet
    Synonym: səyyarə

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

planet c (singular definite planeten, plural indefinite planeter)

  1. (astronomy) a planet

planet

  1. second-person plural subjunctive I of planen

Borrowed from Dutch planeet (“planet”), from Middle Dutch planete, from Old French planete, from Late Latin planēta, from Ancient Greek πλανήτης (planḗtēs, “wanderer”).

planet (plural **planet-planet)

  1. (astronomy) planet
    Synonyms: bintang beredar, bintang siarah

planet

  1. alternative form of planete (“planet”)

From Old Norse planéta, from Latin planēta, from Ancient Greek πλανήτης (planḗtēs, “wanderer”).

planet m (definite singular planeten, indefinite plural planeter, definite plural planetene)

  1. a planet

From Old Norse planéta, from Latin planēta, from Ancient Greek πλανήτης (planḗtēs, “wanderer”).

planet m (definite singular planeten, indefinite plural planetar, definite plural planetane)

  1. a planet

planet n

  1. definite singular of plan

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

planet m inan (related adjective planetowy)

  1. (horticulture) manual tool for weeding and loosening the soil, in the form of a toothed frame on wheels

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

planet f

  1. genitive plural of planeta

planet m (plural planeți)

  1. alternative form of planetă

planet m (plural planets)

  1. (astronomy, astrology) planet

plànēt m inan (Cyrillic spelling пла̀не̄т)

  1. (usually Croatia) planet

planẹ̑t m inan

  1. (astronomy) planet
Masculine inan., hard o-stem
nom. sing. planét
gen. sing. planéta
singular dual plural
nominative(imenovȃlnik) planét planéta planéti
genitive(rodȋlnik) planéta planétov planétov
dative(dajȃlnik) planétu planétoma planétom
accusative(tožȋlnik) planét planéta planéte
locative(mẹ̑stnik) planétu planétih planétih
instrumental(orọ̑dnik) planétom planétoma planéti

Ultimately from Ancient Greek πλανήτης (planḗtēs).

planet c

  1. (astronomy) planet

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

planet

  1. definite singular of plan

Borrowed from French planète.

planet (definite accusative planeti, plural planetler)

  1. (astronomy, rare) planet
    Synonyms: gezegen, (archaic) seyyare