Frida Pashako | Epoka University (original) (raw)

Papers by Frida Pashako

Located in the central western part of Albania, Durres is one of the most important cities in cou... more Located in the central western part of Albania, Durres is one of the most important cities in country. The footprint of historical changes has given a sense of unicity and authenticity to this city, although facing some issues regarding identity. This study will be focused on one of the most interesting and representative elements of the city: the “Liria” central square, an urban space surrounded by administrative, religious, commercial and residential units. The last year’s regeneration of this square arose polemics and debate regarding local identity and urban preservation strategies. This study aims to make a description of the surrounding historical buildings and their impact in urban scale of “Liria” square, by a diachronic analysis of changes through years. The first paragraphs name and illustrate urban plans of Durres city since the early 20th century to nowadays. Ongoing, a general picture of “Liria” square as the heart of the city is made by describing historical changes of...

New directions for youth development, 2003

Response to the events of 9/11 evidenced the need for greater local and national capacity to meet... more Response to the events of 9/11 evidenced the need for greater local and national capacity to meet the needs of children and families before, during, and after future attacks.

This paper analyzes the traditional vernacular architecture heritage in Albania, particularly in ... more This paper analyzes the traditional vernacular architecture heritage in Albania, particularly in Berat. This city has a well-preserved historic center made up of traditional dwellings of 15th century and reaching their maximum development during the 17th century with highly articulated forms dating back to the beginning of 19th century.The research addresses the totality of the architectural organism of the house through an integrated study of its spatial composition, construction techniques, construction materials, and landscape where it is located, all equal components that contribute to its identity.The objective of this study is the preservation of heritage, through the deep historical knowledge of architectural typologies and sustainability of the intervention. The typology of intervention includes both conservative restoration and reconstruction with change of destination.The adopted method has as operational tools - on one hand the census and classification of assets, and on ...

L’edificio della Residenza d’Italia a Tirana. Storia e restaur

Il volume documenta gli esiti di uno studio condotto dall’autrice nel Dipartimento di Scienze del... more Il volume documenta gli esiti di uno studio condotto dall’autrice nel Dipartimento di Scienze dell’Ingegneria Civile e dell’Architettura del Politecnico di Bari, sulla conoscenza, valorizzazione e recupero dell’architettura e città del Novecento in Albania. E’ un periodo in cui questo Paese fu interessato da un grande piano di opere civili alle scale territoriale, urbana e architettonica, gestite e realizzate da architetti e ingegneri italiani, e divenne un produttivo terreno di verifica delle teorie urbane e dei linguaggi architettonici elaborati in quegli anni in Italia in seno alla cosiddetta “altra modernità”. Questa operazione, benché storicamente controversa, ha lasciato sul territorio un patrimonio di significativo valore architettonico, storico e civile per entrambi i paesi, spesso in condizioni critiche, che attende di essere compreso e valorizzato. La monografia è stata redatta da tre autori, di cui uno albanese e comprende alcuni contributi esterni, ma nasce da un progett...

Conference presentation titled: The history and actual condition of industrial heritage in Albani... more Conference presentation titled: The history and actual condition of industrial heritage in Albania: The problems and opportunity of the metallurgical complex of Elbasan

Putting Tradition into Practice: Heritage, Place and Design, 2017

Industrial heritage in Albania is a new concept which has started to be promoted only in these la... more Industrial heritage in Albania is a new concept which has started to be promoted only in these last years. After more than two decades of democracy, the country has not yet confronted management of underused industrial sites. This paper makes a general description of industrial sites in the city of Lac, Albania. Historical transformation and changes through time, has ended up with a complicated situation of some deteriorated sites and some others reused for various functions. Following, this case is compared with other successful reuse cases for industrial purposes, in England and Sweden. This study provides an alternative approach of reuse methodology in other EU countries and an example of good practices. Furthermore, Albanian businessman and the government can learn how to deal with similar cases in other cities, where industrial sites are still abandoned and left without investments. At the end, this paper gives contribution in the limited academic studies regarding industrial heritage in country.

Journal of Building Engineering, 2021

RIUTILIZZIAMO L’ITALIA Land transformation in Italia e nel mondo: fermare il consumo del suolo, salvare la natura e riqualificare le città REPORT 2014, 2014

La storia e l’evoluzione del patrimonio industriale albanese è una chiara manifestazione delle vi... more La storia e l’evoluzione del patrimonio industriale albanese è una chiara manifestazione delle vicende storiche e politiche dell’intera nazione. Gli investimenti nel settore industriale effettuati dalla seconda metà del 19° secolo alla caduta del regime comunista sono legati alle alleanze politiche con stati esteri, vicini e lontani, ed ai loro investimenti. Tuttavia il potenziamento del settore industriale, soprattutto durante il regime comunista, ha inciso nel progresso economico e sociale, rappresentando l’unico vero riscatto del paese dall’arretratezza e verso la costruzione di un volto moderno. Purtroppo il sistema economico comunista, dopo una primissima influenza jugoslava, una fruttuosa alleanza russa ed una breve collaborazione cinese, si spinge verso una intransigente chiusura alle cooperazioni internazionali.

Cultural Heritage. Present Challenges and Future Perspectives Roma, Università Roma Tre, 21-2... more Cultural Heritage. Present Challenges and Future Perspectives
Roma, Università Roma Tre, 21-22 novembre 2014

The history and evolution of the industrial heritage of Albania is strongly link with the histori... more The history and evolution of the industrial heritage of Albania is strongly link with the historical, political and social events of the country. Since the second half of the 19th to the fall of the communist regime (1991) a lot of public investments in the industrial sector have been carried out, often those were part of the cooperation plans signed with Eastern European states (Yugoslavia, Cine and Russia). The expansion of the industrial sector, especially during the communist regime, brought economic and social progress, representing the only redemption of the country from backwardness and towards the building of a modern aspect. Since 1991 Albania has initiated a process of modernization and deindustrialization of the sites built during the Communist era without a strategic plan aimed at economic conversion and then re-use of these areas, as during the transition process was difficult to defend the republic and regulate private interests. The paper presents a study about one of the biggest and interesting industrial site in Albanian: the metallurgical complex of Elbasan. It is located in central part of Albania and was promoted from communist regime to build one of the most important industrial sites, although being one of the most ancient cities in country. Construction started since 1965 with the establishment of the steel rolling mill plant, in cooperation with Chinese Government. Further on, were put into use the cement fabric, coke plant, almery, pig-iron, steel; and lastly the nickel-cobalt and ferro-chrome plants. The whole area of industrial plant occupies a large area of about half of the size (about 460 km2) of the local government territory (about 1200 km2). After the fall of communist regime, a considerable part of the industrial warehouses went out of function, broke down and left without any investment. Today and after the process of privatization (started since 1992) some part of the complex are reused for industrial purposes, other parts are totally abandoned and represent a risk for the decay and pollution. Our intention is to evaluate the importance of the industrial heritage in one of the most important industrial city of Albania in order to promote and to sensitize the institutions and the populations about the importance of such areas not only historical but also social and economic. In fact about 12000 of peoples have worked and passed a considerable time of their life there in the only site of Elbasan. The methodology used in the study is based on recording, analysing and providing strategies for regeneration and adaption of this huge abandoned industrial complex, in order to transform it from a problematic asset to an opportunity and catalyst for the city. Furthermore, this will help national and international community to recognize the values and potential of industrial assets in Albania for the regeneration and sustainable development of the urban context. Lastly, by this paper we give a contribution in carry forward the scientific research of Albanian industrial heritage.

The city of Berat is a World Heritage site in the south of Albania for its important value, as a ... more The city of Berat is a World Heritage site in the south of Albania for its important value, as a well preserved medieval site with strong ottoman influence. Moreover the city has an ancient origin since the fourth century BC and its urban layout is structured on two hills facing each other’s and separated by the river Osum. Berat has always been an important regional center for its dominant position in the territory and for the economic and consequently architecture importance.
The historical and architectural value of the city was evident and still well preserved even during the Italian protectorate in Albania (‘20-’40). During that period the Italians architects produced several study and master plans for the most important Albanian cities, among this in 1942 was draw the master for Berat. The plan tried to enhance the historical tissue of the city made by traditional dwellings and introduced modern infrastructures and a new administrative area. Moreover it proposed the regulation of debris that were deposited in the river in order to create an island in a focal position of the city, in order to bridge the neighborhoods on the opposite shores. Unfortunately the plan was never realized due to the upcoming of the war, but it represents an significant effort of the Italian rationalist architects to create a dialogue between modernity and local tradition.
This paper presents an overview of the presence and influence of the Italian architects in Albania. It focuses on the studying and analyzing of the master plans for Berat, where the modern approach shows a deep sensitivity for the traditional forms and local vocations in order to create continuity in the new interventions in a historical and layered city. Nowadays the topic is very present in public discussion due to an international competition that the National Agency for Territorial Planning launched about the landscape development design for Osum Island in Berat.

Proceedings of 10th INU STUDY DAY on “Crisis and Rebirth of Cities”, Naples

Putting Tradition into Practice: Heritage, Place and Design; Proceedings of 5th INTBAU International Annual Event, 2017

Industrial heritage in Albania is a new concept which has started to be promoted only in these la... more Industrial heritage in Albania is a new concept which has started to be promoted only in these last years. After more than two decades of
democracy, the country has not yet confronted management of underused industrial sites. This paper makes a general description of
industrial sites in the city of Laç, Albania. Historical transformation and changes through time, has ended up with a complicated situation
of some deteriorated sites and some others reused for various functions. Following, this case is compared with other successful reuse
cases for industrial purposes, in England and Sweden. This study provides an alternative approach of reuse methodology in other EU
countries and an example of good practices. Furthermore, Albanian businessman and the government can learn how to deal with similar
cases in other cities, where industrial sites are still abandoned and left without investments. At the end, this paper gives contribution in
the limited academic studies regarding industrial heritage in country.

The Albania has a rich heritage of vernacular architecture dating from the XV and the early XX ce... more The Albania has a rich heritage of vernacular architecture dating from the XV and the early XX century. It is composed mostly of domestic architecture built in stone and wood. However, in these dwellings we perceive the society's desire to assimilate trends and innovations of that period, from the imperial capital (Istanbul) of which Albania was part. This is evident in interior and external decors as well as in the improved constructive techniques. Today, Albania is a developing country, where the driving force of economy is represented by the construction sector. These means a wide and dynamic building activity, but poor of planning, lacking long-term development strategies and financially depending by remittances of migrants spread all over Europe. The result of this situation is a landscape made up of "informal" architecture. This means a periphery made up of new residential and commercial buildings scattered throughout the territory absent of any system or regulation, adopting diverse and infinite architectural styles. Yet in this fragmented and heterogeneous landscape buildings look the same through the homologating veil of the fury of modernity. Finally, the adoption of different styles and architectural language can be read as the influence of long years of emigration, or domination of the desire to achieve the personal welfare through the most "modern" as possible forms, materials and techniques.

—This paper provides characteristics of Former Textile Combine 'Stalin' in Tirana, Albania and st... more —This paper provides characteristics of Former Textile Combine 'Stalin' in Tirana, Albania and strategies to regenerate this place. In contrast with the communism period, this significant place would lose its importance in regarding to functionality, economical, aesthetical, historical and social aspects. Considering that society lives in a generation of global space where the economic models change rapidly, giving its identity can be redundant. Therefore the loss of the places and function of this combine has given to the neighbor a total destruction by making it live on the shadow of the past without being considered the connection that people should have with environment. The evidential remains, the interviews with local community, reflects the potentials of bringing the whole area in use. The values, memories and need of people to connect to their living environment, motivate for considering this former industrial site. Knowing the potential of it, since it is positioned in a very strategical area, can lead to a better decision in terms of bringing it to life hence the main focus of this paper consist on two main goals: analysis of Former Textile Combine 'Stalin'; strategies for regenerating this site by relating it to the society need. Defining the value as a prelude regeneration is critical. Preservation, modernization, conversion and re-use of the existing industrial site are being considered so it can be brought into existence again.

A paper on the Italian presence in Albania during the twenties and thirties in urban planning fie... more A paper on the Italian presence in Albania during the twenties and thirties in urban planning field.
The description of the Central Office for Housing and Urban Affairs, created in 1939.
A study on the structure and organization of the office as well as on the guidelines for drawing up the plans.
Finally, the reading and analysis of the plans of the city of Tirana, Durres, Vlora, Saranda, Elbasan, Berat etc.

The spread of the Ottoman house takes place during the decline of the Ottoman Empire, strongly su... more The spread of the Ottoman house takes place during the decline of the Ottoman Empire, strongly subjugated by Western influence. This means long cohesion of local types with Ottoman until the total sharing and housing culture identification that took place definitively in the XIX century in all countries of the Balkan Peninsula. Therefore, the types analyzed are examples of the nineteenth century, located in Albania, Montenegro, Kosovo, Macedonia, Greece, Bulgaria, Serbia and Bosnia and Herzegovina. The analysis of these houses, so far apart geographically and at the same time so near compositional, was carried out in accordance to a factorization method of the architectural organism according to tectonics stratification, which follows the spatial and functional study.
The breakdown in horizontal layers allows us to study both, the constructive aspect, also the spatiality and functionality of the house, dealing with the issue of vertical connections and the language of the facade. The categories chosen for the comparison are those that represent the distinctive characters of the Ottoman house i.e. the centrality of the garden, the plasticity of the base (introvert) vs the analytical composition of the first floor (extrovert), the room as compositional form, rhythm, and full report - empty of the extroverted facade on the street and at the end, the large roof that unifies and reflects the hipped composition on the top floor in the conformation of its multiple pitched.
The objective of the comparison is to verify the homogeneity of characters inhabited in geographic – cultural space of the Balkans and at the same time understand the conservation of native elements.
KEYWORDS: domestic architecture, ottoman dwellings, diatopic analyses, Balkan.

New directions for youth development, 2003

L’edificio della Residenza d’Italia a Tirana. Storia e restaur

Putting Tradition into Practice: Heritage, Place and Design, 2017

Journal of Building Engineering, 2021

RIUTILIZZIAMO L’ITALIA Land transformation in Italia e nel mondo: fermare il consumo del suolo, salvare la natura e riqualificare le città REPORT 2014, 2014

Proceedings of 10th INU STUDY DAY on “Crisis and Rebirth of Cities”, Naples

Putting Tradition into Practice: Heritage, Place and Design; Proceedings of 5th INTBAU International Annual Event, 2017

Industrial heritage in Albania is a new concept which has started to be promoted only in these la... more Industrial heritage in Albania is a new concept which has started to be promoted only in these last years. After more than two decades of
democracy, the country has not yet confronted management of underused industrial sites. This paper makes a general description of
industrial sites in the city of Laç, Albania. Historical transformation and changes through time, has ended up with a complicated situation
of some deteriorated sites and some others reused for various functions. Following, this case is compared with other successful reuse
cases for industrial purposes, in England and Sweden. This study provides an alternative approach of reuse methodology in other EU
countries and an example of good practices. Furthermore, Albanian businessman and the government can learn how to deal with similar
cases in other cities, where industrial sites are still abandoned and left without investments. At the end, this paper gives contribution in
the limited academic studies regarding industrial heritage in country.

Affrontare la questione architettonica in Albania e in particolar modo il progetto di Tirana, con... more Affrontare la questione architettonica in Albania e in particolar modo il progetto di Tirana, consente di leggere in maniera continua (in Italia non sempre possibile) il processo progettuale della costruzione di una città monumentale attraverso i suoi protagonisti. Formatisi in contesti culturali diversi i tre architetti che operarono a Tirana: Armando Brasini, Florestano Di Fausto e Gherardo Bosio si succedettero nel progetto della città, evidenziando una maniera di operare diversa, ma comunque in continuità con la tradizione italiana ed in particolare con quella romana . La comparazione con l’architettura nazionale è semplice ed immediata, il tema della costruzione di una città capitale fa guardare i tre architetti italiani a Roma, anzi a tre immagini di Roma: La città post-unitaria, la città del primo fascismo e la Roma imperiale dell’E42. Il rapporto tra l’Urbe Massima il foro Mussolini e l’E42 è sequenziale nel progetto di Tirana, il monumentale asse brasiniano con la sua idea di “centro longitudinale”, piazza Skanderbeg nella sua assolutezza metafisica e la purezza di linguaggio di piazza Littorio. Mi piace pensare a Tirana come una sezione trasversale dell’architettura italiana del primo Novecento, che interpreta nel solco della continuità con la tradizione, il processo di modernità dello stile architettonico.
Un aspetto del tutto originale che connotava il progetto di Tirana era il tentativo di connubio tra istanze monumentali di rappresentanza e istanze di spontaneità del tessuto della città esistente. In particolar modo nel Piano Regolatore di Gherardo Bosio, del 1939, si sviluppa l’idea di un centro urbano formato da edifici rappresentativi inseriti in una maglia verde a grande scala, una serie di giardini monumentali in successione tra gli edifici, in cui il progettista regolava la posizione, l’altezza ed il tipo di alberi da impiantare, mentre nella periferia inseriva le residenze su un tessuto minuto, tipico delle città giardino, rinunciando all’informalità del sistema viario a favore di una maglia stradale ortogonale.

"Ogni volta che due culture si incontrano e si confrontano, nel nostro caso quella albanese e ita... more "Ogni volta che due culture si incontrano e si confrontano, nel nostro caso quella albanese e italiana, automaticamente contribuiscono a fondare delle basi da cui emergeranno valori di carattere politico, sociale ed economico, in sintesi, valori culturali. Questi andranno a costituire i sedimenti che creeranno, in un effetto domino, incontri che sicuramente faciliteranno la crescita dei rapporti e degli interscambi tra le comunità che li hanno generati. Il dialogo infatti è alla base di ogni convivenza civile che, come testimonia la storia, apre e spiana la via al progresso. Nel nostro caso poi l'interesse delle varie università italiane e albanesi, che tra loro si sono scambiate gli esiti e le ricerche sull'evoluzione architettonica e urbanistica dell'Albania, nonché la vicinanza geografica che ha facilitato tali relazioni, hanno fatto sì che molte espressioni dei nostri due paesi assumessero connotazioni sempre più affini, che di recente, tramite anche l'evoluzione tecnologica delle reti, si stanno sempre più omologando. Tra queste, come dicevamo, non ultima l'architettura, oggetto della mostra e del convegno che si terranno a Tirana il 12 e 13 dicembre. E senza dubbio l'architettura un'induttrice di socialità e armonia. Questa disciplina infatti modella gli spazi ove si vive e si lavora e produce processi storico collettivi in continuità con le proprie radici, e soprattutto nel rispetto delle tradizioni e dell'identità dei luoghi ove si colloca." (dall'Introduzione di Marco Petreschi). Presentazione di Massimo Gaiani.

Changing Cities II - Spatial, Design, Landscape & Socio economic Dimensions, 2015

Abstract Albania has e pioneering and old tradition in the field of protection and preservation o... more Abstract Albania has e pioneering and old tradition in the field of protection and preservation of the historic city centers. Since 1970 several cities were declared as museum cities and the buildings listed for protection under the preservation easement. Among these, a special role has the city of Kruja for its role in the national history and for the value of its center within the walls. Beside the period of transition, from the end of thedictatorship until today, there was aproblematic gap for the historical architectural heritage. The lack of financial investments and specialized operator, combined with the degradation of the buildings, created a significant damage in the heritage. Nowadays, the situation hasconsiderably changed for the better, even thoughthe lack of public investment is still present. In this context, the study is based on the reconsideration of the historical site and the constructed building in Kruja, Albania, by the State and Academia as a collaboration between the Institute of Cultural Monuments and Epoka University, aiming to raise awareness among young people and create new generations of architects capable of operating in the field of restoration and heritage management. Through the case study of the Dollma tekke in Kruja, this paper presents preservation methods for the architectural heritage, first of all the study and the relief of the historical buildings as a form of protection and the base for a project of restoration. Keywords: Albanian heritage;preservation; degradation; restoration;awareness.

by Ugo Carughi, Inês Meira Araújo, Ciro Birra, Frida Pashako, Yildiz Salman, Maria Margarita Segarra Lagunes, Anda-Lucia Spânu, Massimo Visone, Nilufer Baturayoglu Yoney, francesca capano, and Maria Philokyprou

In an area merely reduced to marketing instrument, the excesses of new interventions, the delays ... more In an area merely reduced to marketing instrument, the excesses of new interventions, the delays in the institutional culture and the
media accelerations of contemporary architecture put in evidence deficiencies in protection laws in Italy and abroad.
The work suggests the need to establish a system of shared criteria for updating the Italian normative. A study that compares and contrasts the development of the conservation laws and the current intervention strategies on an international scale, as a function of identity in flux.

Curatorial team: A. Greca, A. Koçollari, A. B. Menghini, D. Pastore, F. Pashako, G. Resta Photogr... more Curatorial team:
A. Greca, A. Koçollari, A. B. Menghini, D. Pastore, F. Pashako, G. Resta
Photographer:
Albes Fusha
Albanian architects:
A. Baboci, A. Bicoku, studio B&L, T. Dano, E. Fagu, E. Godo, A. Golemi, A. Koçollari, A. Lufi, K. Merxhani, M. Mitrojorgji, A. Raca, D. Tytymce, P. Vaso, M. Velo, A. Vokshi
Italian architects:
Studio ma0, L. Galofaro, C. Baglivo, Studio BOMA, Ch. Gambardella, C. Moccia, B. Servino, D. Vargas, Studio 2A+P/A, F. A. Fusco, L. Netti, Studio Spacelab, M. Beccu, L. Ruali, M. Ghidoni, Studio OfCA.

EVOKED is an exhibition, which brings a different vision on the informal housing phenomenon 'overrun' uncontrollably in Albania since 1991.
The unfinished construction and the unusual way of using the 'facilities under construction' has produced a characteristic image that has changed the landscape, especially on the coast.
Seems like it is time to turn attention to these structures, which nowadays occupy a substantial part of the built landscape. It is necessary to reflect on their function and the relationship that these buildings can reestablish with the landscape.

Starting off with sixteen photos of Albes Fusha and the points of view of thirty-two Albanian and Italian architects, reflected on the framed paintings, we want to encourage an open discussion on the topic of landscape constructed informally and occupied meanwhile it is still 'under construction', aiming to discover the potential of these structures.
Moreover, by exploring the degradation and the damage degree of the landscape, we aim giving to the landscape a new environmental and legal dignity.

Organizzazione della mostra | Organizimi i ekspozitës Politecnico di Bari (DICAR - Dipartimento d... more Organizzazione della mostra | Organizimi i ekspozitës
Politecnico di Bari (DICAR - Dipartimento di Scienze dell’Ingegneria Civile e dell’Architettura), Università di Parma (DICATeA - Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile, dell’Ambiente, del Territorio e Architettura) Università di Parma,Università di Chieti-Pescara (DISPUTER - Dipartimento di Scienze Psicologiche, Umanistiche e della Terra e DARCH - Dipartimento di Architettura).

Co-organizzatori | Bashkë-organizatorë
Istituto italiano di Cultura e Museo Storico Nazionale di Tirana
Instituti Italian i Kulturës dhe Muzeu Historik Kombëtar në Tiranë

Sostegno | Mbështet
Istituto Italiano di Cultura a Tirana
Instituti Italian i Kulturës në Tiranë
Patrocini|Nën patronazhin e
Ambasciata d’Italia a Tirana, Istituto Italiano di Cultura a Tirana, Ministero della Cultura Albanese, Ministero dello Sviluppo Urbano e del Turismo, Epoka University, Museo Storico Nazionale di Tirana.
Ambasadës Italiane në Tiranë, Institutit Italian të Kulturës në Tiranë, Ministrisë së Kulturës Shqiptare, Ministrisë së Zhvillimit Urban dhe Turizmit, Muzeut Historik Kombëtar në Tiranë.

Cura della mostra | Kuratorë të ekspozitës
Roberta BELLI PASQUA, Anna Bruna MENGHINI, Frida PASHAKO, Sara SANTORO
Progetto allestitivo| Projekti i ekspozimit
Rossana CARULLO, Annalisa FERRANTE, Stefania LAMADDALENA, Mariangela MESSINA, Cristina PICCOLOMO

Progetto grafico | Projekti grafik
Nicola Dario BALDASSARRE, Pasquale CIPRI, Mariagrazia L’ABBATE

Apparato didascalico della mostra | Aparati didaktik i ekspozitës
Francesco GAGLIARDI, Nicola GIACOVELLI, Gabriele STINGI