ABA Research Papers - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

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- Ethics, Watergate, ABA, American Bar Associations

Applied Behaviour Analysis is often referred to as ABA. ABA is one of the most well established, commonly utilized and best researched intervention used with children with Autism. (Granpeesheh, 2010) It is generally accepted and agreed that ABA has most effect when sought as an early intervention (usually before the age of 5) and applied regularly and consistently. It is this application that the paper seeks to better understand; in order to better offer practical solutions to meet the increase in demand.

- by Sarah O'Connor
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- Applied Behavior Analysis, ABA
- by Gleison Batista
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- Games, Tea, ABA, Comportamento

In other words, repeating more and more of the same repetitive and often strictly enforced regimented and routine “therapy” that is either not showing any results or causing worsening of the symptoms is a clear indicator that it is causing more harm than good. And this damage is caused as a result of "hard wiring" of those erroneous pathways in the brain formed due to the repetitive behaviors as administered by the therapy under rigorous conditions, often with an uninterested and "uncooperative" child. This causes stress and leads to stunting the growth and creative abilities of the autistic child.

- by Tine Fisker
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- Evaluation Research, ABA

Two open field experiments have been conducted to study the capability of the mutualistic fungus Piriformospra indica to improve tomato growth and production under water stress conditions. Tomato (Solanum lycopersicon cv. 'Super Strain B') were grown in sandy soil and subject to dual levels of drip irrigation water, 100 and 50% of water field capacity, in 2016 and 2017 growing seasons in sandy soil at Abu Ghalib district, Giza, Egypt. Results showed that P. indica colonization improved tomato growth, leaf gas exchanges parameters, chlorophyll, total yield and its components under both levels of irrigation water. Colonisation by P. indica significantly increased the content of leaf proline, antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase(SOD), peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT) compare to other treatments. In contrast, the maximum abscisic acid (ABA) concentration either in leaves or roots was achieved in tomato plants exposed to water stress, while colonizing water stressed plants with P. indica caused significant decreases in ABA content if compared to non-colonized plants. These enhancements in morphological and physiological parameters of water stressed plants because of P. indica inoculation led to improve tomato yield components. Over the two growing seasons, better total yield was obtained with colonized tomato plants in normal or stress conditions. Also, P. indica colonization resulted 20 and 45% increase in number of fruits than non-colonized plants under control and water stress conditions. Finally, it could be concluded that P. indica might play a vital role in increase tomato tolerance to water stress in arid and semi arid regions.

- by EMAD A B D E L H A M E E D ABDELDAYM and +1
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- Biochemistry, Photosynthesis, Antioxidant, Water Stress

En el mes de diciembre de 2019 se detectaron los primeros casos de COVID-19 en la ciudad China de Wuhan. A partir de ese momento su crecimiento fue exponencial a lo largo de todo el mundo, llevando a que en países enteros se decrete estados de emergencia sanitaria y se establezcan diferentes restricciones a la circulación de la ciudadanía. Esta situación única para nuestro tiempo llevó a que los tratamientos de niñas y niños con trastorno del espectro autista se suspendieran. La condición de aislamiento generó un contexto donde muchos actividades, como salir de paseo, ir a un natatorio, parque, o campo de deporte estuviera privadas. En el ámbito urbano esto implica que los niños y niñas permanezcan todo el día en espacios reducidos sin la posibilidad de hacer actividades físicas. En muchas familias el permanecer en el hogar las 24 horas, 7 días a la semana por un tiempo indefinido, lleva a que se habilite el acceso a diversas actividades de preferencia sin ningún tipo de restricción. Este acceso libre a diversos reforzadores puede hacer que disminuyan los comportamientos de colaboración en los quehaceres diarios, ya que la contingencia entre la demanda del adulto y el acceso a reforzadores se rompe. En forma paralela la búsqueda de atención de los niños y niñas hacia sus cuidadores aumenta debido a la saciedad que se produce frente a otro tipo de actividades. El resultado de esta situación es un aumento en los problemas de conducta y un aumento en el estrés parental. Es muy común que ante niveles de estrés elevados, producidos por el confinamiento, los cuidadores den acceso a reforzadores cuando surgen problemas de conducta. Esto sucede porque al darle el acceso a un reforzador ante un problema de conducta, el problema de conducta cesa y los cuidadores obtienen una sensación de alivio. El inconveniente de esto es que se está reforzando el problema de conducta, y por lo tanto su frecuencia e intensidad aumentará en el futuro.
Ante este novedoso escenario, ciertas intervenciones son muy complejas de llevar a cabo debido a las dificultades que conllevan, un ejemplo es el procedimiento de extinción. Ya que su implementación incluye el poder tolerar las variaciones de la conducta durante el proceso (estallido de extinción) lo cual puede aumentar aún más el estrés parental haciendo fracasar la intervención.
El modelo que presentamos está basado en el análisis conductual aplicado (ABA) y emplea procedimientos de enseñanza derivados de los principios del comportamiento para dar apoyo a familias con hijos e hijas con autismo, que se encuentran en aislamiento en sus hogares.

- by Gabriel Dellagiovanna and +1
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- Applied Behavior Analysis, Child Behavior Problems, Funtional analysis, Verbal behavior

Possibility of improving physiological traits and minituber yield of potato cultivars (cvs. Agria and Fontane) was investigated by application of plant growth regulators (BAP, ABA and BAP+ABA) at tuber initiation stage. Regardless of the cultivars, Net photosynthesis rate (Np), actual quantum yield (Φ), stomatal conductance (g s) and Transpiration rate (T r) of BAP-treated leaves were superior to those of the control. For Agria, the greatest Chlorophyll content (Chl) was observed in BAP-treated plants, while the highest Chl for Fontane was observed in ABA-treated plants. Increasing Np and Chl content were associated with higher Soluble Carbohydrate content (SC). BAP+ABA application increased SC of leaflets in both cultivars compared with the control. Tuber Yield per Plant (Y/P), Mean Tuber Weight (MTW), and Tuber Number (TN) were stimulated by foliar treatment of plants with PGRs compared with the untreated ones, but there were significant interactions between cultivar and hormone type. Positive correlation between SC and Y/P (r= 0.97*) and MTW (r= 0.97*) were observed in Agria. Leaf area as well as dry and fresh weight of aerial parts of the BAP+ABA-treated plants were more than the untreated plants and other PGR treatments. These results indicate that either of BAP, ABA, or their combination could be effectively used to improve physiological traits and tuber yield of these cultivars, although, Agria responded more prominently to PGRs than Fontane.

- by Mohammad Javad Ahmadi Lahijani and +2
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- Photosynthesis, Potato, ABA, Bap
- by David Horvath
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- Senescence, Biology, Phytochrome, System Architecture

The American Bar Association’s (“ABA”) practice of requiring students to purchase the Model Rules of Professional Conduct is exploitative and unethical. The ABA uses its role in training lawyers to create a situation which all but requires law students and bar applicants to purchase the organization’s own Model Rules. The fact that the Model Rules constitute a substantial revenue stream for the ABA is due less to lawyers’ desire to brush up on Model Rules of Professional Conduct, which are not laws, than to the ABA's direct role in approving law schools and its indirect role in licensing lawyers. Law schools must maintain ABA-approved status to remain in business. The ABA Standards for Approval of Law Schools require that students take a course in legal ethics. Not only must law students take a course in legal ethics, but those courses must also include instruction in the ABA's ethics rules. Furthermore, nearly all jurisdictions require bar applicants pass the Multistate Pro...

- by Michael Ariens
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- Ethics, Political Science, ABA, American Bar Associations
- by Martin Moore-Ede
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- Law, Nursing, Applied Ethics, Disease susceptibility

is associated with an altered temporal pattern of transcription

- by Kek Liong
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- Biochemistry, Bioinformatics, Biophysics, Chemistry

The single-gene male-sterile 7B-1 mutant in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) shows reduced de-etiolation of hypocotyl growth, has an elevated level of endogenous abscisic acid (ABA) and reduced amounts of growth-active gibberellins (GAs), is supersensitive to exogenous ABA, and is resistant to abiotic stresses in light but not in the dark. The existence of crosstalk between light signaling and plant hormones, and the interaction of ABA and GA biosynthetic pathways with ethylene, led us to investigate the possible role of ethylene in the 7B-1 mutant. In the dark, 7B-1 seedlings exhibited the normal triple response to 1-aminocyclopropane–1-carboxylic acid (ACC), an ethylene precur-sor, similar to the wild type. In light, however, hypocotyl growth of mutant seedlings was more sensitive to ACC but less sensitive to the inhibitors of ethylene’s action, such as silver thiosulfate, than the wild type. The 7B-1 mutant seedlings produced reduced levels of ethylene, which could account ...

- by Martin Fellner
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- Growth, Acc, Light, Key words
- by Richard Hastings
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- Psychology, Behavior Modification, Autism, Autism Spectrum Disorders
- by maryam madadkar Haghjou
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- Salt Stress, Plant Physiology, Green Algae, ABA
- by James Alves
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- Molecular Biology, Carbon Dioxide, Arabidopsis thaliana, Bioquimica
- by Michael Ariens
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- Law, Ethics, Legal Profession, Law and Society
- by Natacha Fontes
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- Complementation, Key words, Glucuronidase, Arabidopsis

By comparison between two Dunaliella species, differing in B-carotene accumulation potential, the interrelationship between B-carotene and ABA production was investigated. Both D. salina MUR8 and D. viridis MUR29 (as higher and lower B-carotene accumulators, respectively) responded to salt-stress by an increase in ABA levels at initial hours after the imposition of hypersaline stress. But ABA enhancement was considerably higher in D. salina than that in D. viridis. The high level of ABA was transient in stressed D. salina and it had returned near to basal levels, but remained higher than control. In contrast to ABA levels, B-carotene content declined at the point of ABA enhancement in D. salina but not in D. viridis. After 24 hours exposure to salt stress, B-carotene accumulation was observed in D. salina. There were no significant changes of B-carotene in D. viridis. These results showed that D. salina appears more capable to response to salt stress by producing higher levels of AB...

- by maryam madadkar Haghjou
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- Biology, Salt Stress, Plant Physiology, Green Algae

The purpose of my essay Playing Chicken: An Instant History of the Battle over Exceptions to Client Confidentiality, is to offer a pointillist history of the recent battles between the ABA and the federal government concerning 1) when... more

- by Michael Ariens
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- Evidence, Federal Government, ABA, Sec
- by Neal Devins
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- ABA
- by Shahin Ali
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- Genetics, Molecular Biology, Genomics, Biocontrol

Over more than a decade, specialist Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) schools or classes for children with autism have developed in the UK and Ireland. However, very little is known internationally about how ABA is defined in practice in school settings, the characteristics of children supported in ABA school settings, and the staffing structures used. To answer these questions, the focus of the present research was a nationwide census of ABA schools throughout the UK. As far as it was possible to ascertain, we achieved a 100% return rate. There were 14 ABA schools and classes throughout the UK, supporting 258 children with autism, and employing 382 staff that supported ABA teaching. The mean ratio for ABA staff to children was 1.4 staff members: 1 child (range 0.7:1–2:1). The majority of all staff members were graduates or had a higher academic qualification (67.7%). This census methodology, if repeated, may help to identify future trends and can provide a baseline for developments in ABA schools/classes in the UK.► A census of ABA schools/classes throughout the UK was conducted. ► 100% of identified schools/classes participated. ► 258 children and young people attended ABA schools. ► 382 staff members support ABA teaching. ► The census may help identify future trends in ABA schools/classes.

- by Gemma Griffith
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- Autism Spectrum Disorders, Applied Behavior Analysis, Autism (Education), ABA