Biosorption Research Papers - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Biosorption is a physico-chemical and metabolically-independent process based on a variety of mechanisms including absorption, adsorption, ion exchange, surface complexation and precipitation. Biosorption processes are highly important in the environment and conventional biotreatment processes. As a branch of biotechnology, biosorption has been aimed at the removal or recovery of organic and inorganic substances from solution by biological material which can include living or dead microorganisms and their components, seaweeds, plant materials, industrial and agricultural wastes and natural residues. For decades biosorption has been heralded as a promising cost-effective clean-up biotechnology. Despite significant progress in our understanding of this complex phenomenon and a dramatic increase in publications in this research area, commercialization of biosorption technologies has been limited so far. This article summarizes existing knowledge on various aspects of the fundamentals and applications of biosorption and critically reviews the obstacles to commercial success and future perspectives.

The biosorption of Cd2+ by Cocoa (Theobroma cacao) pod husk was investigated in single metal solution.
Equilibrium biosorption studies were carried out to delineate the effect of temperature variation on biosorption
capacity of cocoa pod husk. The result showed that unmodified cocoa pod husk (UCPH) and modified cocoa pod
husk (MCPH) exhibited maximum biosorption of 97.8 % and 99.5 % respectively at 303 K. Thermodynamic
parameters such as ΔG°ads, ΔH°ads, ΔS°ads, EAads and S*ads related to Gibbs free energy, enthalpy, entropy, activation
energy and sticking probability were evaluated. The result of thermodynamic investigations indicated that the
biosorption reactions were spontaneous (ΔG°<0), exothermic (ΔH°<0), irreversible (ΔS°>0), diffusion controlled (-
EA) and physisorption mechanism (S*<1).

The paper deals with the study of nuts of European walnut (Juglans regia) arising as waste from the agricultural production for the removal of heavy metals from aqueous solutions. The suitability of the given biosorbent was verified through the determination of its adsorption capacity (equilibrium) and rate (kinetics) of adsorption of the studied metal (lead). The shells of the European walnut were first activated by 0.1 M of HCl and 0.1 M of NaOH, while the activation by sodium hydroxide was more effective than activation by HCl. In order to identify the most suitable method of activation for the given biosorbent, biosorption of European walnut shells activated by NaOH at concentrations of 0.01, 0.1, 1 and 2 mol/L was further studied, and the time of activation was 5, 15, 30 and 45 min. The output analyses imply that the most effective chemical treatment of the biosorbent is the activation of European walnut shells by means of NaOH at concentration of 1 mol/L for 30 min. However, a...

- by Eva Pertile
- •
- Chemistry, Biosorption, Heavy metals, Key words

The discovery and further development of biosorption phenomena provide a basis for a whole new technology aimed at the removal of various pollutants or the recovery of valuable resources from aqueous systems. Today, biosorption is one of the main components of environmental and bioresource technology. Microbes have been widely used in the process of environmental clean-up and are known as bioremediators. Their ability to absorb metal ions from aqueous solutions either as living or dead biomass as well as derived products has been exploited. Physico-chemical mechanisms of removal, which may be encompassed by the general term ‘biosorption”, include adsorption, ion exchange and entrapment which are features of living and dead biomass as well as derived products. In living cells, biosorption can be directly and indirectly influenced by metabolism. Biosorption is a process with some unique characteristics. It can effectively sequester dissolved metals from very dilute complex solutions with high efficiency. This makes biosorption an ideal candidate for the treatment of high volume low concentration complex waste-water. Biosorption can be defined as the selective sequestering of metal soluble species that result in the immobilization of the metals by microbial cells. Metal sequestering by different parts of the cell can occur via various processes: complexation, chelation, coordination, ion exchange, precipitation, reduction. Currently, a wide range of microorganisms (bacteria, archaebactreia, yeasts, fungi and algae) and plants are being studied for use in biosorption bioremediation processes. Some of these microorganisms have already been employed as biosorbents of various pollutants. The major advantages of this technology over conventional ones include; low cost, high efficiency, minimization of chemical or biological sludges, the regenerative ability of biosorbents, and the possibility of metal recovery following adsorption.

The equilibrium and thermodynamics of the biosorption of Pb(II), Zn(II), Cu(II), and Cd(II) onto activated carbon prepared from olive branches were studied under different parameters of pH, initial concentration, and temperature. The batch biosorption procedure was used to find the optimum conditions. The biosorption of each metal ion was found to be pH-dependent. The maximum metal ion biosorption was achieved at pH value 5 for Pb, Cu, and Cd ions and at pH 3 for Zn ions. The extent of the metal ion biosorption increased with temperature (indicating the endothermic character) and initial metal ion concentration. The experimental data of metal ion biosorption were analyzed by Freundlich and Langmuir isotherm models. For all metal ions, the Freundlich isotherm model gave a better fit with higher correlation (R 2) to equilibrium data than Langmuir model. The adsorption capacity values were 41.32, 34.97, 43.10, and 38.17 (mg/g) for Pb(II), Zn(II), Cu(II) and Cd(II), respectively. Thermodynamically parameters, like Gibbs free energy (ΔG˚), enthalpy (ΔH˚), and entropy (ΔS˚) were calculated. The biosorption of each metal ion was non-spontaneous and the order of non-spontaneity of the biosorption process being Zn(II) > Cu(II) > Cd(II) > Pb(II). Likewise, change in entropy was noticed for each metal ion and the order of disorder was Pb(II) > Cd(II) > Cu(II) > Zn(II).

Adsorption behavior of remazol reactive dyes from textile effluent was investigated using Rhizopus arrhizus as a bio-sorbent in up-flow fixed-bed micro column. The characteristics of mass transfer zone (MTZ), where adsorption in column occurs, were affected by bed depth and flow rate. The height of mass transfer zone (HMTZ), the rate of mass transfer zone (RMTZ), the effluent volume (V eff) and the column capacity at exhaustion (q column) were estimated for the removal of dyes by the biosorbent. Thomas and Yoon–Nelson models were applied to the experimental data to predict the " S " shaped breakthrough curves and to determine the bio-sorption capacity of the column. Both the models were found suitable for describing the whole dynamic behavior of the column with respect to flow rate and bed depth. Hutchins BDST model showed that the variation of the service time with the bed depth was highly linear, thus, indicating its validity when applied to the continuous microcolumn studies. The empty bed residence time model (EBRT) indicated that the biosorbent exhaustion rate decreased with increasing EBRT. The results of this study indicated the applicability of fixed-bed micro column for removing remazol reactive dyes from the textile effluent.

- by sukhada saraf and +1
- •
- Biosorption

Electronic waste is one of the fastest-growing waste streams. The content of this waste has critical importance for the development or adoption of new recycling techniques and safe waste management practices. In this study, printed circuit boards and screens of three different types of electronic wastes, such as old mobile phones, smartphones, and laptops were characterized for their heavy metal, precious metal, and rare earth element contents. Three different digestion methods were applied to the samples prior to ICP-OES analysis. Results showed that Cu, Fe, Zn, Ni, Pb, and Al were found to be the main heavy metals in all samples. Nd, Ag, and Au were found as the major precious metals, followed by Pt, La, Dy, Pr, and Ce in the rare earth element category. The contents indicated that there is an urgent need to develop recycling techniques for the recovery of these valuable materials. When the digestion methods were compared to each other, it was found that different methods performed better on different types of metals.

- by Merve Tunalı and +1
- •
- Biosorption, E-waste, Precious Metals, Recycled Materials

Acid Black 1 (AB1) is a diazo dye containing both NN and CC chromophores groups that has considerable
health effects being irritating for skin, eye and respiratory system. It is essential to remove this dye from
wastewater. In this study, the removal of AB1 with brown macroalgae Sargassum glaucescens and Stoechospermum marginatum was studied using a batch system. The effects of parameters such as initial pH (in
the range 2–10), contact time (within 90 min), biomass dosage (in the range 1–9 g L1), initial dye concentration (in the range 10–50 mg L1), particle size of biosorbent (0.53–500 lm) and agitation speed
(from 70 to 180 rpm) on the adsorption capacity of AB1 were investigated. The equilibrium data indicated
that the Freundlich model provided the best correlation of the experimental data for both biosorbents at
least in the concentration range investigated in this study. The biosorption kinetic data were successfully
described with pseudo-second order model (PSORE) for two biosorbents. Thermodynamic parameters
showed adsorption of dye was feasible and endothermic at all temperatures (283–313 K) for both biosorbents. A decrease in particle size of biosorbents increased acidic dye removal capacity. The agitation
speed influences AB1 sorption capacity and optimum agitation speed observed at 130 rpm among different agitation speed (i.e. 70–180 rpm). FT-IR analysis demonstrated the involvement of different functional groups, mainly hydroxyl, carboxyl and amine groups. These results confirm that these algae
have a good potential for removal of AB1 from aqueous solution at low dye concentration.

- by Negin Koutahzadeh, PhD and +1
- •
- Biosorption
- by mugdha apte
- •
- Environmental Engineering, Bioengineering, Chemical Engineering, Biotechnology

The study determined the feasibility of the herb parsley (P. crispum Mill.) as a good source of plant purifier of water. Five water samples were each obtained from river, lake and pond sources, and another five samples were contaminated with lead. Parsley (serving as the biosorbent) was soaked in the water samples (as the solvent), where coliform and Pb2+ (aq) are serving as the adsorbent. Findings revealed that parsley is capable of significantly removing fecal and total coliform in the water samples, associating this ability to the anti-bacterial activities of alkaloids, saponins and tannins. The study also found out that parsley has the ability to significantly remove amounts of Pb2+ (aq) in contaminated samples, associating this to the biosorptive activity of flavonoids and coumarins. With this, the study concluded that parsley has shown coliform removal and lead biosorption abilities in water purification, which are seen to be beneficial in future water purification tests.

- by Joje Mar Sanchez
- •
- Biosorption, Water Purification, Lead, Coliforms
- by Nurul Ilmi
- •
- Biosorption, Methylene Blue, Karbon Aktif, Kimia analisis instrumen
- by Chemistry International and +2
- •
- Thermodynamics, Kinetics, Biosorption, Adsorption

In this study, the adsorption behavior of copper(II) ions from aqueous solutions onto sesame husk (SH) was investigated. The effect of different parameters such as pH, contact time, adsorbent dosage, adsorbate concentration, temperature and agitation speed was studied. Thermodynamic parameters, equilibrium isotherms and kinetic data have been evaluated. The functional groups and surface morphology of SH adsorbent were characterized by FTIR and SEM. Adsorption equilibrium isotherms were expressed by Langmuir, Freundlich and Dubinin-Radushkevich (D-R) adsorption models and it was found that Langmuir adsorption model fits the experimental data better than Freundlich and D-R models. The adsorption can be best described by the pseudo second-order kinetic model. The maximum adsorption capacity of SH was compared to that of other reported adsorbents.

- by Haitham Ahmed El-Araby Mohammed and +1
- •
- Thermodynamics, Kinetics, Water and wastewater treatment, Biosorption

ABSTRACT
Arsenic (As) contamination of groundwater reservoirs is a global environmental and health issue given to its toxic and carcinogenic nature. Over 170 million people have been affected by As due to the ingestion of As-contaminated groundwater. The conventional methods such as reverse osmosis, ion exchange and electrodialysis are commonly used for the remediation of As-contaminated water, however, the high cost and sludge production put limitations on their application to remove As from water. This review critically addresses the use of various agricultural waste materials (e.g. sugarcane bagasse, peels of various fruits, wheat straw) as biosorbents, thereby offering an eco-friendly and low-cost solution for the removal of As from contaminated water supplies. The effect of solution chemistry such as solution pH, cations, anions, organic ligands, and various other factors (e.g. temperature, contact time, sorbent dose) on As biosorption, and safe disposal methods for As-loaded biosorbents to reduce secondary As contamination are also discussed.

Screening a new biosorbent with low cost and high efficiency from a native plant material is a key to the adsorption of heavy metal ions from wastewater. In this study, the potential of Phytolacca americana L. as a biosorbent for Pb(II) removal from aqueous solutions was investigated. Experiments were performed to evaluate the effect of biosorbent dosage, pH, initial Pb(II) concentration and contact time on the Pb(II) removal. The results indicated that the hydroxyl, car-boxyl and amine groups may take part in Pb(II) binding. HNO 3-modified P. americana (HPAL) showed a significant higher uptake capacity compared to original P. americana (PAL) (p < 0.05). A dose of 20 g L À1 of biosorbents in solutions with an initial pH of 6.0, an initial Pb(II) concentration of 30 mg L À1 and a contact time of 120 min resulted in the maximum Pb(II) removal efficiency. The Freundlich isotherm gave a better fit than the Langmuir isotherm revealed that the biosorption was potentially multilayer. Further, the adsorption kinetics followed a pseudo second-order model, which implied that the biosorption was mainly a chemisorption process. The thermodynamic properties showed that the Pb(II) adsorption onto the P. americana biomass was feasible, spontaneous and exothermic in nature. Both physisorption and chemisorption were involved in the biosorption of Pb(II) onto the surface of P. americana biomass through electrostatic interaction and ion exchange. Additionally, desorption studies revealed promising regeneration potential of these biosorbents. The present study showed that P. americana biomass could be used

- by Guiyin Wang
- •
- Biosorption

Over the past few decades, the upcoming scientific scenario of the ever growing area of biotechnology finds a successful application of some eco-diversified microorganisms which are employed for the recovery of metals from ores and other industrial wastes. A lot of mineral oxidizers and reducers are found in natural environments which involve a different mode of action for mineral oxidation and reduction. Mineral oxidizers are found in natural leaching environments
such as acid mine drainage, dump disposal sites, tailing ponds and are mostly aerobic in nature while the reducers are found in environments under facultative anerobic or strictly anerobic conditions. Mineral Biotechnology is primarily aimed at the application of such mineral metal oxidizers and reducers for the development and advancement of a sustainable biotechnological industry in the mineral processing sector. Analyzing several aspects, the leaching microbes have a
number of features in common that make them especially suitable for their role in mineral solubilization. This particular review focuses on such mineral oxidizing and reducing microorganisms, their mode of action and area of application towards development and growth of mineral biotechnological industry.

- by gulab singh
- •
- Environmental Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Biosorption, Heavy Metal

The biosorption potential of six brown macroalgae viz. Nizamuddina zanardinii, Stoechospermum marginatum, Cystoseira indica, Dictyota cervicornis, Padina australis, and Sargassum glaucescens, for the removal of hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) was investigated in the present study. Optimum conditions were determined by studying the effect of initial solution pH, biomass dosage, initial Cr(VI) concentration, and contact time on Cr(VI) removal by the macroalgae. Cr(VI) sorp-tion was found to be highly pH dependent and maximum sorption was obtained at pH 1.0. Freundlich isotherm model showed the best fit with the equilibrium data. The removal rate of Cr(VI) was relatively rapid during the first 30 min, although the rate decreased gradually and the sorption reached equilibrium in about 70 min for S. marginatum, 90 min for N. zanardinii, and 150 min for D. cervicornis, P. australis, S. glaucescens, and C. indica. Different kinetic models such as pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, and intra-particle diffusion model were tested, and the experimental data was in agreement with the pseudo-second-order model. The results of the present study suggest that brown macroalgae could be used as effective biosor-bents for Cr(VI) removal from aqueous solution.

- by Negin Koutahzadeh, PhD
- •
- Biosorption, Water Pollution, Hexavalent Chromium, Brown macroalgae

THE AQUATIC MACROPHYTE Ceratophyllum demersum IMMOBILIZES Au NANOPARTICLES AFTER THEIR ADDITION TO WATER [aquatic higher plants, macrophytes, water purification, water treatment, biotechnology, nanomaterials, biosorption, gold];... more

- by Sergei Ostroumov
- •
- Biosorption, Aquatic Plants, Macrophytes, Gold Nanoparticles

Filamentous fungi that produce mycotoxins also
demonstrate the ability to degrade a wide variety of naturally
occurring and anthropogenically generated hazardous wastes.
Hence, these are emerging as excellent candidates for bioremediation.
Their mycelia exhibit the robustness of adapting to
highly restrictive environmental conditions often experienced
in the presence of persistent pollutants, which makes them
more useful compared to other microbes. However, it now
appears that several regulatory factors that govern mycotoxin
synthesis in these toxigenic strains also regulate their bioremediation
abilities. To this end, mycoremediation and mycotoxin
synthesis have been thoroughly but independently investigated;
hence, much less is understood about the overlaps
between the two processes. This review aims to shed light on
this critical knowledge gap and provide some useful insights
into the future research that might overcome the challenges
associated with these shared regulatory modules. This will
enable the harnessing of the full potential of mycoremediation
by minimizing mycotoxin contamination.

- by Ola Gomaa
- •
- Mycology, Persistent Organic Pollutants, Biosorption, Bioremediation

Brazilian berry seeds (Eugenia uniflora) were used as an eco-friendly and low-cost biosorbent for the treatment of textile effluents containing methylene blue. Characterization techniques indicated that Brazilian berry seeds are constituted of irregular particles, mainly composed of lignin and holocellulose groups, distributed in an amorphous structure. Methylene blue biosorption was favorable at pH of 8, using a biosorbent dosage of 0.8 g L −1. The equilibrium was reached in the first 20 min for lower M methylene blue concentrations and 120 min for higher methylene blue concentrations. Furthermore, the general and pseudo-second-order models were suitable for describing the kinetic data. Langmuir was the most adequate model for describing the isotherm curves, predicting a biosorption capacity of 189.6 mg g −1 at 328 K. Biosorption was spontaneous (− 9.54 ≤ ΔG 0 ≤ −8.06 kJ mol −1) and endothermic, with standard enthalpy change of 6.11 kJ mol −1. Brazilian berry seeds were successfully used to remove the color of two different simulated textile effluents, achieving 92.2% and 73.5% of removal. Last, the fixed-bed experiment showed that a column packed with Brazilian berry seeds can operate during 840 min, attaining biosorption capacity of 88.7 mg g −1. The data here presented indicates that textile effluents containing methylene blue can be easily and successfully treated by an eco-friendly and low-cost biosorbent like Brazilian berry seeds.

- by Marcos Silva
- •
- Biosorption

A B S T R A C T The aim of this study is to establish an economical and environment friendly method for the removal of reactive dye from wastewater. This study was carried out for the removal of Dri-marine Blue HF-RL using raw, nitric acid treated, and immobilized peanut hulls in both batch and column modes. In batch study, different process parameters like pH, biosorbent dose, initial dye concentration, contact time, and temperature were optimized. The pH (2), biosorbent dose (0.05 g), initial dye concentration (400, 200, 200 mg/L), contact time (90, 120, 120 min), and temperature (30˚C) were optimized for raw, nitric acid treated, and immobilized peanut hulls. The biosorption data have been analyzed using Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, Doubinin–Radushkevich, and Harkins–Jura isotherms. The isothermal data followed the Langmuir model. The biosorption processes conformed to the pseudo-second-order rate kinetics. Different thermodynamic parameters were estimated during thermodynamic study. The results showed the exothermic and spontaneous nature of biosorption process. The column study was also investigated for making the process more applicable on industrial scale. The optimum bed height (4.5 cm), flow rate (1.8 mL/min), and initial dye concentration (100 mg/L) were found in column study. Thomas and Bed depth service time models were fitted well to the experimental data in continuous process. The FTIR spectrum confirmed the presence of –NH 2 and –C=O groups in the biomass structure responsible for interaction between biomass and dye molecules. The results proved that the peanut hulls in different forms behave as efficient and cost-effective biosorbent for the removal of reactive dyes.

- by Dr. Muhammad Zahid
- •
- Biosorption, Water Pollution, Dyes and Textiles

A biosorption column and a settling tank were operated for 6 months with combined municipal and industrial wastewaters (1 m3/hr) to study the effect of dissolved oxygen (DO) levels and Fe3+ dosage on removal efficiency of dissolved and suspended organics prior to biological treatment. High DO (>0.4 mg/L) were found to be detrimental for soluble COD removals and iron dosing (up to 20 ppm) did not improve the overall performance. The system performed significantly better at high loading
rate (> 20 kg COD.m-3.d-1) where suspended solids and COD removals were greater than 80% and 60%, respectively. This is a significant improvement compared to conventional primary sedimentation tank (PST) and the process is a promising alternative for the pre-treatment of
industrial wastewater.

- by Antoine Trzcinski
- •
- Biosorption, Carbon Capture, Anaerobic Digestion, Waste Activated Sludge (WAS)
- by Dorian Bautista
- •
- Biosorption
- by Editor IJRET
- •
- Biosorption, Pyrolysis, ANOVA, Hexavalent Chromium

A study of removal of heavy metal ions from heavy metal contaminated water using agro-waste was carried out with Musa paradisiaca peels as test adsorbent. The study was carried by adding known quantities of lead (II) ions and cadmium (II) ions each and respectively into specific volume of water and adding specific dose of the test adsorbent into the heavy metal ion solution, and the mixture was agitated for a specific period of time and then the concentration of the metal ion remaining in the solution was determined with Perkin Elmer Atomic absorption spectrophotometer model 2380. The effect of contact time, initial adsorbate concentration, adsorbent dose, pH and temperature were considered. From the effect of contact time results equilibrium concentration was established at 60minutes. The percentage removal of these metal ions studied, were all above 90%. Adsorption and percentage removal of Pb 2+ and Cd 2+ from their aqueous solutions were affected by change in initial metal ion concentration, adsorbent dose pH and temperature. Adsorption isotherm studies confirmed the adsorption of the metal ions on the test adsorbent with good mathematical fits into Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherms. Regression correlation (R 2) values of the isotherm plots are all positive (>0.9), which suggests too, that the adsorption fitted into the isotherms considered.

- by Atul Mittal
- •
- Biosorption, Adsorption
- by Brian Orosco
- •
- Environmental Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Biomass, Biosorption
- by Piar Thakur
- •
- Biosorption, Nanotechnology, Analytical Method Development, Adsorption

The conventional activated sludge process is widely used for wastewater treatment, but to progress toward energy self-sufficiency, the wastewater treatment scheme needs to radically improve energy balances. We developed a high-rate contact stabilization (HiCS) reactor system at high sludge-specific loading rates (>2kgbCODkg(-1)TSSd(-1)) and low sludge retention times (<1.2d) and demonstrate that it is able to recover more chemical energy from wastewater organics than high-rate conventional activated sludge (HiCAS) and the low-rate variants of HiCS and HiCAS. The best HiCS system recovered 36% of the influent chemical energy as methane, due to the combined effects of low production of CO2, high sludge yield, and high methane yield of the produced sludge. The HiCS system imposed a feast-famine cycle and a putative selection pressure on the sludge micro-organisms toward substrate adsorption and storage. Given further optimization, it is a promising process for energy recovery from wastewater

- by Francis Meerburg and +1
- •
- Biosorption, Adsorption and wastewater treatment, Respirometry, Biosorption of water pollutants using biomass

The research focused on the effect of humic acid (HA) on the distribution of Cu in Cu-HA-Teak leaf powder system. The experiment was carried out by varying the initial mass of Cu (MCu) in the system at a temperature of 310K. The experiment was carried out independently at pH 4, 6, and 10. The data obtained revealed that the concentration of copper in the solution phase of the system decreases with pH. It was also noted that a relationship exist between the initial mass of copper in the system and the extent of copper binding to the powdered leaf at all pH. And pH increased with the extent of Cu binding to the leaf powder (P). The mass of copper bound ligand (humic acid) in the solid phase was noted to vary with pH. The partition constant (KD) was observed to increase MCu. The analysis revealed that the partition constant for organic acid (KL) and KD increases with increase in pH. HA was noted to promote the transfer of Cu from solution to solid phase. The analysis suggested that the...

- by ohene Apea
- •
- Chemistry, Biosorption, Nuclear Chemistry, Copper

Raw biomass of the invasive Japanese brown seaweed Sargassum muticum, recently introduced to the Atlantic coast of Morocco, has been applied for the removal of hexavalent chromium Cr(VI) from aqueous solutions. Various parameters such as biomass dose, initial pH, contact time and initial Cr(VI) concentration were studied to reveal their effects on the biosorption process. At optimum values of the above mentioned parameters, total removal of Cr(VI) can be achieved within 10 min at pH 2, adsorbent dose of 0.5 g/100 mL for initial chromium ions concentration of 50 mg/L. Cr(VI) biosorption follows pseudo second-order kinetics. Adsorption isotherms were determined at room temperature and the experimental data were modelled with the Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin isotherm equations. The isotherm data were found to be well fitted by linear Langmuir equation. The maximum sorption capacity calculated from Langmuir isotherm was estimated to be about 143 mg per gram of dry biosorbent. Thus, the biomass used in this study can be considered a promising and valuable natural adsorbent for the treatment of aqueous solution containing toxic hexavalent chromium ions.

- by European Scientific Journal ESJ
- •
- Biosorption, Morocco, Seaweeds, Hexavalent Chromium
- by Tichaona Nharingo
- •
- Environmental Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Biosorption, Zinc
- by Angelyn Sager
- •
- Biosorption, Biosorption of heavy metals
- by Editor IJRET
- •
- Environmental Engineering, Bioengineering, Chemical Engineering, Biosorption
- by Ahmed ismaiel
- •
- Microbiology, Biosorption, Apple, Toxicity

Biosorption and removing some heavy metals such as Cd, Pb, Zn and Cr from the aqueous solutions by dried leaves of water hyacinth was investigated, and effect of pH, contact time and adsorpent dose on biosorption also studied. The results revealed the ability of water hyacinth to remove heavy metals from the aqueous solutions but there was a distinctive variations in biosorpency. Lead was the most adsorbed among other metals, where 58% of Pb were removed. The results showed in the pH of 5,120 min of contact time and 3 gram of adsorbent dose, the maximum removing of Pb was 91%. Biosorption by the dried leaves of water hyacinth is technique can be used for removal metal pollutants from water.

- by Kais Kassim
- •
- Biosorption, Heavy metals, Water Hyacinth

The present work evaluates the performance of the yeast Saccharomyces Cerevisiae to remove heavy metals from aqueous solutions. The effect of pH, temperature, initial concentration, contact time, and biosorbent dosage on biosorption capacity is studied. Experiment results show that metal uptake is a rapid process at pH values (5.0–6.0), and the order of accumulated metal ions is Pb > Zn > Cr > Co > Cd > Cu. The biosorption process obeys Freundlich and the Langmuir adsorption isotherms. The kinetics of metal ions biosorption could be described by Lagergren and Ho models. Nitric acid with low concentration of 0.05 N is effective in desorbing the biosorbed metal ions. Sodium hydroxide solution of 0.2 M is effective in regenerating the yeast; the regenerated yeast could be used for at least six cycles of biosorption, without losing its metal removal capacity. Carboxyl, amine, and phosphate groups present in the yeast were found to be the main biosorption sites for metal ions.

- by Anees Khadom
- •
- Chemical Engineering, Chemistry, Biosorption, Environmental Chemistry

In the present study, dried activated biomass of Eupatorium adinoforum (AEA) and Acer oblongum (AAO) used for removal of Pb (II) from synthetic wastewater. The batch operation was conducted with effect of variation of contact time, biosorbent dose, pH, concentration of metal ions and temperature on biosorption of metal ions on biosorbent. Maximum adsorption was recorded for initial metal ion concentration of 10 mg/l, biosorbent dose of 2.5 gm, at pH 5 with 105 minutes of contact time for activated AEA and AAO biomass. The adsorption equilibrium conditions were well described by Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin isotherm models. The Langmuir isotherm model has provided a better fit with the experimental data in comparison to that of Freundlich and Temkin isotherm models. Thermodynamic data suggest that the bisorption process was spontaneous, feasible and endothermic. The values of thermodynamic parameters suggest that the biosorption process was spontaneous, feasible and endothermic. The kinetics of the biosorption for the reaction mechanism and types of biosorption process onto activated AEA and AAO biosorbent were also discussed.

- by Sushil K Joshi and +2
- •
- Thermodynamics, Kinetics, Biosorption, Heavy metals

The capability and mechanism of a model azo dye, C.I. Basic Red 46 removal by phycocyanin extraction residue of Spirulina platensis were investigated in this study. The biosorption data were analyzed using Freundlich, Langmuir, and Dubinin–Radushkevich (D–R) isotherm models. Langmuir model was more adequate to represent the data of biosorption equilibrium. The dye biosorption capacity was obtained as 23.06 mg g−1 for the biosorbent. The dye removal potential of phycocyanin-extracted biomass was very close to that of the virgin alga (25.46 mg g−1). D–R model displayed that the dye was probably to be removed mainly via physical biosorption. The pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, logistic, and intraparticle diffusion models were used for the evaluation of biosorption kinetics. The logistic model presented the best fit to the experimental kinetic data. The intraparticle diffusion model showed that this biosorption process was a complex process involving more than one mechanism. Thus, this waste microalga biomass can be used as a low-cost biosorbent for dye removal.

- by Fatih Deniz
- •
- Biosorption
- by Vivek Kumar
- •
- Environmental Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Biosorption, Bioremediation

Malachite green is extensively used in the textile dye industry and in agriculture as fish pests’ pesticide. Biosorption is a type of sorption technique that uses a biological sorbent. As of now, biosorption is viewed as a simple and cost-effective process that might be used as an alternative to traditional pollution treatment methods. Bioremediation is one of the branches of bioremediation that is used to minimise pollution in the context of incorrect textile waste disposal. The sorption isotherm of Malachite Green onto graphene oxide were analyzed using three models—pseudo-1st, pseudo-2nd and Elovich, and fitted using non-linear regression. The Elovich model was the poorest in fitting the curve based on visual observation and the best was pseudo-2nd order based on statistical analysis such as root-mean-square error (RMSE), adjusted coefficient of determination (adjR2), bias factor (BF), accuracy factor (AF), corrected AICc (Akaike Information Criterion), Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC) and Hannan–Quinn information criterion (HQC). Nonlinear regression analysis using the pseudo-2nd order model gave values of equilibrium sorption capacity qe of 6.164 mg/g (95% confidence interval from 5.918 to 6.410) and a value of the pseudo-2nd-order rate constant, k2 of 0.034 (95% confidence interval from 0.024 to 0.045). Further analysis is needed to provide proof for the chemisorption mechanism usually tied to this kinetic.

- by Bilal Ibrahim Dan-Iya and +2
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- Synthesis of nanoparticles, Biosorption, Nanomaterials, Nanotechnology

The present work reports biosorption of lead metal ion using the biomass of Cunninghamella elegans TUFC 20022. Morphological and molecular characteristics of the fungus were studied. C. elegans TUFC 20022 was found to be tolerant against high concentration of lead metal ion and its live biomass absorbed the lead dissolved in the growth medium. Tolerance index (Ti) 92.3 was observed in 50 mgL-1 concentration of lead nitrate. Live biomasses absorbed 80.72% of lead from aqueous solution at pH 6 and 26°C incubation temperature. Maximum 90.34% lead from aqueous solution was absorbed by physically treated biomass while least absorption was obtained in detergent treated biomass (78.21%). This biosorption is also tested with Langmuir and Freundlich models. Langmuir adsorption isotherm was found suitable with R 2 of 98.9. Langmuir and Freundlich models also confirm favorable interaction and absorption by the fungal biomass. It is now concluded that the C. elegans TUFC 20022 is potential to remove lead from aqueous solution, so a technology based on this fungus will helpful to cleanup lead polluted water samples.

- by Dr. Pramod Kumar Mahish
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- Biosorption

This study focuses on the investigation of the performance of Litchi chinensis sonn peels in a simulated fixed bed column in sequestering Cr(VI) by breakthrough curve analysis using Aspen Adsorption® V8.4. The breakthrough curve analysis was conducted by: 1) varying initial concentration at a constant flow rate and constant bed height, 2) varying flow rate at a constant initial concentration and constant bed height, and 3) varying bed height at constant flow rate and constant initial concentration. The good adsorption capacity was implied by a longer breakthrough time so as to make use of the peels of Litchi chinensis sonn for a longer period of time before there was a need to replace or to regenerate. Increasing the volumetric flow rate at constant initial sorbate concentration and bed height increased the breakthrough time. Increasing the initial sorbate concentration at constant volumetric flow rate and bed height decreased the breakthrough time. Increasing the bed height at a constant volumetric flow rate and initial sorbate concentration increased the breakthrough time. Longer breakthrough time denotes a better adsorption capacity. The longest breakthrough time was 335 s with volumetric flowrate at 1x10-3 L s-1 , initial sorbate concentration at 20 mg L-1 , and a bed height of 0.7 m. The shortest was 6.63 s with a volumetric flow rate at 1x10-2 L s-1 , initial sorbate concentration at 200 mg L-1 , and a bed height of 0.2m.

- by Ronnel Garcia and +1
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- Chemical Engineering, Biosorption, Adsorption, Adsorption and wastewater treatment

Biosorption of EBT molecules from aqueous solutions onto waste Tea powder (WTP) have been examined in a batch biosorption process. The biosorption procedure was found to be dependent on biosorbent dose, pH of solution, initial dye concentration, and contact time. The experimental equilibrium biosorption data were inspected by Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin and Dubinin ̶ Radushkevic isotherms models. The Langmuir model gave the best fit by higher correlation coefficient(R 2 =0.997, it assumes as monolayer adsorption). The maximum biosorption capacities determined from the Langmuir, isotherm models was 111.11 mg/g, at optimum circumstances. The kinetic studies showed that the biosorption operation of the EBT dye obeyed well pseudo-second-order model. According to the determined biosorption capacity, waste tea powder is considered to be as an effective, low cost, and environmentally friendly biosorbent for the removal of EBT dye from aqueous solutions.

Abundantly available agricultural waste materials
(banana bunch, sorghum stem and casuarinas fruit) are
processed with negligible cost and are found to be highly
suitable as biosorbents for chromium(VI) removal from
aqueous environment due to high surface area and functional
groups of adsorbents. The equilibrium data have
been analyzed for the adsorbate–adsorbate/adsorbent
interactions and found to be fitted to the data in the order,
Hill–de Boer C Fowler–Guggenheim % Frumkin[Kiselev.
To determine the characteristic parameters for process
design, mass transfer studies have been carried out using
two-parameter isotherm models (Harkins–Jura, Halsey,
Smith, El-Awady and Flory–Huggins) and three-parameter
isotherm models (Redlich–Peterson and Sips) which are
applied to the experimental data. The fitness of the isotherms
describes that both mono- and multilayer adsorptions
occur in the present studied three biosorbents in
preference to the latter. The mechanism of adsorption has
been studied using diffusion kinetic models (viz. liquid film
diffusion, Dunwald–Wagner intra-particle diffusion model
and moving boundary model) and described the possibility
of diffusion in the order of banana bunch–stem powder[
sorghum stem powder[casuarinas fruit powder in
terms of diffusion coefficients. In essence of all the results,
the selected adsorbents can be used as a potential adsorbent
for the removal of Cr(VI) from aqueous solutions.

- by Ratnakaram Venkata Nadh
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- Mass Transfer, Biosorption, Diffusion, Agricultural Waste