Blasting Research Papers - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

This paper presents the results of ground vibration measurements carried out in Hisarcik Boron open pit mine located on the west side of central Anatolia near Kütahya province in Turkey. Within the scope of this study to predict peak particle velocity (PPV) level for this site, ground vibration components were measured for 304 shots during bench blasting. In blasting operations, ANFO (blasting agent), gelatin dynamite (priming), and delay electric detonators (firing) were used as explosives. Parameters of scaled distance (charge quantity per delay and the distance between the source and the station) were recorded carefully and the ground vibration components were measured for all blast events using two different types of vibration monitors (one White Mini-Seis and one Instantel Minimate Plus Model). The absolute distances between shot points and monitor stations were determined using GPS. The equation of square root scaled distance extensively used in the literature was taken into consideration for the prediction of PPV. Then, the data pairs of scaled distance and particle velocity obtained from the 565 event records were analyzed statistically. At the end of statistical evaluation of the data pairs, an empirical relation which gives 50% prediction line with a reasonable correlation coefficient was established between PPV and scaled distance.

- by
- •
- Civil Engineering, Environmental Geology, Statistical Analysis, Prediction
- by Hasan Ergin
- •
- Engineering, Civil Engineering, Environmental Geology, Rock Mechanics
- by Diego Lopez G
- •
- Civil Engineering, Bridge Engineering, Blasting, Bridge
- by Ali Kahriman
- •
- Civil Engineering, Geophysics, Prediction, Vibration

Calculation methods for blasting and explosion operations is a topical issue in mining industry as they allow to improve characteristics of excavation works and safety of explosion operations. The paper presents a novel methodology for calculations for blasting and explosion operations and design of parameters of prismatic gain. That methodology comprises various specifics of rock geology and mining engineering during works in horizontal and vertical excavations. The feature of the presented methodology is that the calculation is based not on definition of specific consumption of explosives, but on accurate definition of radii of rock massif destruction zone in a case of explosion of an elongated charge. The study contains designed parameters of structures of gain blastholes. The proposed engineering solution allows to increase efficiency of explosion operations by decreasing of explosions' consumption, reducing drilling works and decreasing throwout of rocks after explosion. The proposed methodology had passed large scale industrial testing at mines of arctic branch of Norilsk Nickel ltd., which resulted in increase of quality of aforementioned parameters of explosions.

- by Aleksandr K Kirsanov
- •
- Mining Engineering, Explosions, Blasting, Underground Mining

Aviation Turbine Kerosene (ATK) or jet fuel is stored in stainless steel tanks or in epoxy coated tanks to prevent contamination through reaction with the tank sheets. Epoxy coated tanks overtime may develop cracks and coating defects which exposes the jet fuel to the steel surface. This is not optimal and it is an aberration to global best practices. Coating defects are corrected after surface preparation through blasting, and grit blasting is one of the common methods. Grit blasting is a hot work that may generate sparks which can be ignited by jet fuel fumes. In the oil and gas industry, personnel are moved via choppers to and from oil platforms and rigs, and this requires ready availability of jet fuel in storage tanks on oil platforms. Jet fuel tank repairs and recertification on offshore facilities where flammable crude oil and gas vapours may be present, coupled with jet fuel fumes is a high risk operation. This study presents a detailed job safety analysis and risk assessment that identifies potential hazards and the necessary safeguards and controls needed to safely manage tank recertification on offshore facilities toward preventing explosion and accidents.

- by Aderibigbe Adekitan
- •
- Corrosion Science, Aviation, Risk assessment, Corrosion Engineering
- by Ikuo Towhata
- •
- Civil Engineering, Environmental Science, Design, Performance

The purpose of blasting operations is rock fragmentation. Blasting is a key component in the overall rock fragmentation system - the first element of the ore extraction process. It provides appropriate rock material granulation or size that is suitable for loading and transportation. However, in spite of many advantages explosives have, their usage may cause environmental problem such as seismic vibration. One of the solutions to this particular problem may be application of an artificial screen as a barrier to the seismic wave path. The results of experimental research on the artificial screen concept, its characteristics and role in attenuation of seismic effects generated by blasting are presented. The experiment is based on two physical phenomena: (1) the size and degree of discontinuity and (2) the reflection and refraction of seismic waves. More than 1,500 laboratory measurements were conducted with different combinations of screen sizes, positions of the screen to blasting source, and intensities of blasting impulses. The results of the study show reduction of generated vibrations up to 58% by employment of artificial screens.

- by dragan bogunovic
- •
- Civil Engineering, Environmental Geology, Transportation, Vibration

ABSTRACT: Data collection: pre-blast, during the blast and post-blast is critical to the blasting process, for planning purposes, statutory requirements and/or environmental compliance. The review and analysis of past data can improve blast design, execution and help in the achievement of desired blasting outcomes, downstream productivity
and process improvement.
Based on the database and its research and analysis capabilities, the system can provide opportunities for taking corrective steps by changing charge distribution, initiation
timing and sequence for controlling fragmentation size, flyrock, and ground and air vibrations.
This paper shows importance of data collection and analysis. A case study has been provided where data from 1995 till date has helped a limestone open pit mine in improving drill factor from 45 tons/m to 75 tons/m, breakage of limestone from 6.5 tons/kg to 14 tons/kg thus reducing costs by 50% while improving crusher productivity from 764 tons/hour to 932 tons/hour and controlling vibration, flyrock and dust.

- by Sushil Bhandari
- •
- Rock Mechanics, Blast and impact engineering, Blasting, Rock blasting

We provide an analysis of a tunnel opening cut in a tunnel face. In particular, we focus on the effect of a “burn cut,” which is a typical parallel hole cut. As the evolution of the opening consists of an increase in the volume of the cut prism and the consequent reduction of confinement of the holes along the initiation sequence, we analyze such an evolution using photographic documentation, as well as evaluating the reduction of confinement by measuring the energy transferred from the explosive charge to the rock mass. The energy was estimated by monitoring and analyzing the vibrations induced by the blasting at three different points. We adopted low-cost shock sensors for monitoring the effect of the detonation times at short distance from the blast (about 10 m). The results show an evident reduction of the shock transfer to the rock mass (i.e., a reduction of confinement) with the increase of the cavity opening. Nevertheless, when only the response of the piezometric sensors was...

- by Jacopo Seccatore
- •
- Mining Engineering, Shock Waves, Tunnelling, Applied Sciences

That talk is never disinterested complicates the relationship between the environment and the claims people make about it. Talk about place, and one's self in it, is particularly complex when the environment poses risk or is otherwise problematized. This study, a secondary analysis of interview data, seeks to extend discursive work on place-identity by examining the ways in which 14 residents of a small English village talk about themselves and their locale. The locale accommodates an active quarry, and many residents had lodged complaints to the quarry about dust, noise and vibrations from blasting. Attention to the interactional context of the interviews illustrates the ways in which (simply) interviewing people about their locale can threaten self- and place-identity. When asked about life in the village, interviewees oriented to two main dilemmas in protecting self- and place-identity: (1) how to justify continued residence in a challenging environment and (2) how to complain about the locale whilst maintaining positive place-identity. Discursive responses to these dilemmas drew upon typical identity processes, such as self- and place distinctiveness and the formulation of out-groups, as well as upon constructions of localized power-sharing and morally obligated tolerance of risk. We suggest that research on problematical places, and of environmental risk, needs to be sensitized to how it may constitute a threat to self- and place-identity, and how this may mediate formulations self and place, as well as of environmental risk.

- by Anna Madill
- •
- Real Estate, Business Ethics, Environmental Engineering, Discourse Analysis

Splittable sandstone is extracted in the form of blocks and cut into sized slabs to use in construction/roofing. The uneven shape and crushed form of sandstone is mainly the waste material and has little application. Thus, extraction of sandstone in the form of blocks without damages at quarries has more value. Hence, experimental work in the quarries of sandstone was carried out for assessment of
damages in the process of separating blocks by using detonating cord of 10 g/m to 30 g/m by varying hole spacing, hole diameter, air cushioning, water and sand filled blastholes. Blasthole notching was also carried out. Tests in the field were also carried out by using various slitted liners in sandstone formation. The results of experiments are analyzed in this research paper for controlling of damages and to improve the recovery of saleable product.

- by Sushil Bhandari
- •
- Rock Mechanics, Rock fractures, Blasting, Rock blasting

The most important objective of blasting in open pit mines is rock fragmentation. Prediction of produced boulders (oversized crushed rocks) is a key parameter in designing blast patterns. In this study, the amount of boulder produced in blasting operations of Golegohar iron ore open pit mine, Iran was predicted via multiple regression method and artificial neural networks. Results of 33 blasts in the mine were collected for modeling. Input variables were: joints spacing, density and uniaxial compressive strength of the intact rock, burden, spacing, stemming, bench height to burden ratio, and specific charge. The dependent variable was ratio of boulder volume to pattern volume. Both techniques were successful in predicting the ratio. In this study, the multiple regression method was superior with coefficient of determination and root mean squared error values of 0.89 and 0.19, respectively.

- by Saeid R Dindarloo
- •
- Mining Engineering, Artificial Neural Networks, Open pit Mining, Blasting

L’utilisation des produits explosifs n’est pas limitée aux seuls travaux de déroctage ou de démolition en surface.
Leur emploi sous eau s’est progressivement développé depuis le début du 20ième siècle.
A cette époque, la principale difficulté était due au matériel de forage qui n’était pas encore adapté au forage sous-marin, malgré cela, d’importants chantiers de déroctage dans les fleuves furent réalisés en Europe et aux Etats Unis.
Juste après la seconde guerre mondiale, les explosifs furent intensément employés pour réaliser le découpage, le démantèlement ou l’écrasement des nombreuses épaves coulées dans les ports ou dans les eaux peu profondes où elles pouvaient constituer un danger pour la navigation.
A partir de cette époque également, de nombreux ouvrages de génie civil en béton ou en maçonnerie furent également démolis à l’aide d’explosifs.
Le secteur pétrolier offshore utilise lui aussi, toute une gamme de produits explosifs bien particuliers pour l’accomplissement de certaines opérations.
Le but de ce guide n’est pas de préparer l’élève à l’examen de chef – mineur, ni de lui donner les éléments nécessaires pour réaliser la conception d’un plan de tir, mais tout simplement de lui donner un aperçu général des différentes techniques utilisées ainsi que des nuisances et règles de sécurité qui s’y rapportent.

- by Francis Hermans
- •
- Civil Engineering, Construction Technology, Explosives Engineering, Blasting
- by Ali Kahriman
- •
- Civil Engineering, Geophysics, Prediction, Vibration
- by umit ozer
- •
- Civil Engineering, Statistical Analysis, Engineering Geology, Vibration

Dust emissions by blasting are of concern to both mine operators and surrounding communities.
The quantity of dust produced, and the effects of its dispersal depend substantially on geological,
blasting and meteorological conditions.
This paper provides details of methods used to quantify the amount of dust produced after
collecting samples using high volume dust samplers, and the difficulties encountered in satisfactory dust sampling and quantification. Also described are practical dust reduction methods by using water filled ampoules and water filled balls.

- by Sushil Bhandari
- •
- Quarry Dust, Blasting, Quarry Management Plan, Rock blasting

paper ini berupa macam-macam jenis abrasive

- by Muhammad Solehudin
- •
- Blasting, abrasive blasting, wet blasting and dry blasting
- by Sa Ajaa
- •
- Blasting, Teknik Pertambangan
- by Editor IJRET
- •
- Civil Engineering, Mining, Artificial Neural Networks, Blasting
- by Joko Suhadha Harta N
- •
- Mining Engineering, Blasting

Pre-splitting is a controlled blasting technique with applications in open pit mines. The main
objectives of pre-splitting in open pit mining are: preventing/controlling back-break; controlling
excessive ground vibrations; and filtering the effects of explosive gases from production blasting.
This technique is especially effective in back-break control through providing a separating
surface between the main blasting pattern and open pit final walls. In this study, a large open pit
mine was the case study for the goal of designing pre-splitting through implementation of direct
and cost effective experiments. Three tests were designed and performed at the mine. Backbreak
was successfully controlled through proper design of pre-splitting based on the results of
the experiments.

- by Ulya Sentosa
- •
- Blasting

O.O. Vovk, O.O. Vovk, O.O. Buzyla, V.V. Boyko
The paper considers the problem of defining the influence of actual conditions of elastic deformations in
seismic waves (in the conditions of changing tensions under uniform compression in anisotropic mediums and in
dynamic mode of load application) on the speed of body seismic waves.
resilient deformations, seismic waves, speed of longitudinal and transversal waves, motion parameters
of seismic waves, properties of rock mass

- by Viktor Boiko
- •
- Mining Engineering, Geomechanics, Seismic Engineering, Blasting
- by Hyongdoo Jang
- •
- Information Systems, Applied Mathematics, Rock Mechanics, Soft Computing

ABSTRACT: Fine materials resulting from blasting have varied utilization. Sometimes fines are considered useful in further
metallurgical and chemical processing, while at other times fines are rejected and become economical waste as well as environmental problem. Some fines get air borne and are dispersed as dust. Considerable work has been carried out about reducing or increasing fines in blasting. It has been proposed by many researchers that fines originate from
crushed zone near the hole. Based on small scale blasting
tests, it is shown that fines not only come from the crushed zone but are also dependent on other parameters such as the burden. Blast parameters and geology also influence them. Appropriate blasting can reduce generation of fines and ejection of dust and fines during blasting. Another step is to stop fines getting air borne.
Modelling of dust plume and difficulties in measurements to quantify dust dispersal through a particular area are described. Also practical examples of dust dispersal methods are given.

- by Sushil Bhandari
- •
- Rock Mechanics, Blasting, Rock blasting, Rock Fragmentation
- by J. Hadjigeorgiou
- •
- Civil Engineering, Mining, Work in Progress, Blasting
- by Kaan Erarslan
- •
- Civil Engineering, Field Experiment, Blasting, PPV
- by Sagittarius AA
- •
- Rock Mechanics, Drilling Engineering, Coal Mining, Blasting

Although blasting is one of the most widely used methods for rock
fragmentation, it has a major disadvantage in that it causes adjacent
ground vibrations. Excessive ground vibrations can cause a wide range of
problems, from nearby residents complaining to ecological damage.
Prediction of blast-induced ground vibration is essential for evaluating
and controlling the many adverse consequences of surface blasting. Since
there are several effective variables with highly nonlinear interactions, no
comprehensive model of blast-induced vibrations is available. In this
study, the support vector machine (SMV) algorithm was employed for
prediction of the peak particle velocity (PPV) induced by blasting at a
surface mine. Twelve input variables in three categories of rock mass,
blast pattern, and explosives were used for prediction of the PPV at
different distances from the blast face. The results of 100 experiments
were used for model-building, and 20 for testing. A high coefficient of
determination with low mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) was
achieved, which demonstrates the suitability of the algorithm in this case.
The very high accuracy of prediction and fast computation are the two
major advantages of the method. Although the case study was for a large
surface mining operation, the methodology is applicable to all other
surface blasting projects that involve a similar procedure.

- by Saeid R Dindarloo
- •
- Support Vector Machines, Blasting, Surface Mining, Drilling and Blasting

Breaking of sandstone or other rocks overlying coal seams as well as coal seams in opencast coal mines is essentially required for ease in excavation. The process of breaking rocks normally involves drilling and blasting. Coal mining industry world over, for all its importance and contribution to the energy sector, is viewed with skepticism for its impacts on environment and society. Apart from other processes, blasting of rocks with explosives is a major contributor to originate several evils of coal mining like emission of noxious gases, high speed dust and fly rocks, heat, and noise and ground vibrations. Moreover, what miners get after blasting is rock wastes, lumpy coal and sometimes quality of coal also gets deteriorated due to mixing of rock wastes in blasted coal. Waste dumps also create long-term environmental problems. This paper develops a new methodology to generate sustainable value in opencast coal mining significantly increasing the inextricably-linked demand of production systems, by way of designing blast-free opencast coal mines. Mechanical method of cutting and breaking the overlying rocks and coal seams as well can replace the prevalent practice of blasting with explosives. An experiment of the designed method has been conducted using locally made simple tools and a comparative study was made to examine the benefits of the design over the prevalent practice. The method is found socio-eco-effective, economically viable and provides new business opportunity. There appears substantial prospect for applicability of the design in coal mining industry, and it deserves a high potential to become a brand CSR practice on the industry to benefit the society and improve sustainability.

- by Pawan Kumar Singh
- •
- Environmental Sustainability, Blasting, Sustainability, Opencast coal mining
- by jeritzel imperial
- •
- Mining, Drilling, Blasting, Structured Programming
- by Peter Moser
- •
- Civil Engineering, Blasting, Curve fitting

This paper presents improvements of the blasting efficiency in open pit mines. The aim of the study is the development of an environmentally friendly, low-emission production of dimension stone and gravel in six different quarries by optimizing the blasting technology. Almost 60 blasts were performed and recorded. The individual blast designs base on the objective evaluation of the blastibility of the rock mass in each quarry and the principles of the momentum theory. Significant solid rock and solid rock mass properties, the geometric, blasting and ignition parameters plus the most crucial values of the blasting result were collected and analysed systematically. The muck pile composition and 3D joint pattern of the rock mass were determined by an area-related and photo-supported analytical method which allows the quantitative evaluation of the fragmentation effect. An optimal application of the ignition sequence leads to an improved energetic utilisation of the used explosive, with a higher fragmentation of the muck pile and an increased throw-off. Each type of rock mass shows a specific joint system and rock specific acoustic impedances. It is shown that the optimal blasting parameters can only be derived by considering these two important parameters. However, a postulation of a general energy balance of the used explosives for production blasts is currently not possible.

- by Jörg Hausmann
- •
- Blasting, Rock Fragmentation By Blasting

This study evaluates the impacts resulting from quarry-blasting operation on nearby buildings and structures as it generates ground vibration, air blast, and fly rocks. In this paper, first blasting operation and its possible environmental effects are defined. Then the methods of blast-vibration prediction and commonly accepted criteria to prevent damage were introduced. A field experimental work was conducted to minimize the vibration effects at Saribayir quarry as it is an identical case for the many quarries situated in and around Istanbul, Turkey. Although the local surrounding geology and rock mechanics have great influence on vibrations as uncontrollable parameter, the charge weight per delay, delay period, geometric parameters of the blasts were changed to solve the existing vibration problem in the studied quarry. To obtain a realistic result, 10 blasts were carried out and 30 seismic records were made in different places mainly very close the buildings and the other vulnerable structures around the quarry. The evaluation is performed whether the vibration level are within safe limits or not. The prediction equation based on scaled distance concept is also determined, however, it is a site-specific model and need to be updated when the quarry advances. The safe blast parameters which minimize the environmental effect were determined for the Saribayir quarry.

- by Hasan Ergin
- •
- Civil Engineering, Environmental Geology, Rock Mechanics, Case Studies

Blast-induced vibration is one of the engineering and public concerns in civil engineering and mining projects. Peak particle velocity (PPV ) has been commonly adopted as a parameter to characterize ground vibration since 1950s. Most conventional empirical models relate PPV to a term called scaled-distance (SD) which depends the charge rate per delay and the distance between detonation and monitoring point. The PPV and SD are plotted in a logarithm-logarithm space and they are often fitted by a linear model despite the fact that the data could be quite scattered.
It can be seen clearly that information such as the properties of rocks and explosives was not taken into account in the empirical equation. However, these parameters could be substantially varied in a project over a large area (for instance a long tunnel). Over- or underestimation of PPV for a given SD is very uncommon. In this investigation, attempts have been made to consider of the effect of rock mass condition on PPV by incorporating a rock mass characterization index into the empirical model. A case study of tunnel blasting in granite with different rock mass quality ranges is used as an example. An empirical relations including the rock mass quality have been proposed and validated by the vibration data collected from the project. The results show less scattered plots of the data and a better prediction of PPV.

- by Shobeir Arshadnejad
- •
- Blasting

Implementing stable final pit walls in open pit mines during the open pit design phase and mine exploitation has become one of the most important concerns of mining engineers in recent years. Failure of mine walls can potentially cause loss of life, roads blocks, and damage to mining machinery, temporarily or permanently halt production at the face and in the worst case scenario, close the mine. Thus, the role of creating stable mine walls is crucial to safety and general operations of mines and any effort to optimize this process has great economic value for mine operators. This paper aims to illustrate the technical aspects of use of the successful presplit blasting method in metal open pit mines. It also shows that using this approach not only increases safety in mines through wall stabilization, but also will boost economic profits by savings in stripping ratio. In this regard, appropriate practical concepts for designing the drilling and blasting patterns and the role of select...

- by Arash Goodarzi
- •
- Engineering, Stability, Drilling, Blasting

Bacterial blight, blast and brown plant hopper resistance (BB, BL and BPH respectively) genes Xa23, Pi-9, Bph14 and Bph15 were pyramided into an elite restorer line R1005 by using marker assisted selection backcrossing (MABC) and simple sequence repeats (SSR). PCR markers facilitated and accelerated the process of pyramiding of Xa23, Pi-9, Bph14 and Bph15 genes. In this study 75-1-127 harboring Pi9, JYQ9008 harboring Xa23, and B5 harboring Bph14 and Bph15 against resistant bacterial blight, blast and brown planthopper were used as R-genes donor respectively. The pyramided genes and evaluation of agronomic traits related to bacterial blight, blast and brown plant hopper represent best ways in which resistance can be studied. Largest resistance levels were observed against the bacterial blight followed by blast and lastly brown plant hopper pyramid lines. PCR markers for these four genes, Xa23, Pi-9, Bph14, 15 were made available. DNA marker technology was used to identify plants that contained resistant genes to BB, BL and BPH. Restorer lines are known to determine success of pyramided genes. Hence careful background searches should be done before settling on one. Resistant lines can really be the answer to environmental problems that hamper growth of food crops particularly rice and ensure food security for the vulnerable people in society. Pyramiding is considered an ethical way of creating better varieties. The newly variety we created that was resistant to all the three factors had a higher yield than the control. These traits were carried through successive generations as was the case in the hybrid variety Get more articles at: http://www.innspub.net/volume-7-number-4-october-2015-ijaar/

- by INNSPUB Journals
- •
- Genetics, Agronomy, Research Methodology, Cellular Biology
- by Erni fitri Rosita
- •
- Impact, Mine, Blasting

Apparatus overview for seismic signal registration during blasting.

Co-author: V.A. Lemeshko

- by Manmohan Goel
- •
- Civil Engineering, Design, Construction Management, Structure

This paper describes development of a generic nonlinear, dynamic modelling technique to simulate discrete rock fractures due to blasting using the finite element method. The element elimination technique together with a brittle, Rankine failure-type material model are used as a means to simulate the initiation and growth of fractures in the rock under the effect of blast-induced dynamic pressure pulse. Dynamic loads representing ideal and non-ideal detonations are simulated and a new method, termed as optimised pressure profile, is proposed to approximate the pressure-time profile of the blast load to model the dynamic load. Comparison of numerical model results with previously reported observations from the literature reveals the ability of the model as a predictive tool and supports the validity of the developed modelling procedure.

- by Hani Mitri
- •
- Civil Engineering, Rock Mechanics, Nonlinear dynamics, Modeling

ABSTRACT: Fine materials resulting from blasting have varied utilization. Sometimes fines are considered useful in further metallurgical and chemical processing, while at other times fines are rejected and become economical waste as well as environmental problem. Some fines get air borne and are dispersed as dust. Considerable work has been carried out about reducing or increasing fines in blasting. It has been proposed by many researchers that fines originate from crushed zone near the hole. Based on small scale blasting tests, it is shown that fines not only come from the crushed zone but are also dependent on other parameters such as the burden. Blast parameters and geology also influence them. Appropriate blasting can reduce generation of fines and ejection of dust and fines during blasting. Another step is to stop fines getting air borne. Modelling of dust plume and difficulties in measurements to quantify dust dispersal through a particular area are described. Also practical examples of dust dispersal methods are given.

- by Sushil Bhandari
- •
- Rock Mechanics, Blasting, Rock blasting, Rock Fragmentation
- by andy supiandy
- •
- Blasting