Explosions Research Papers - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Calculation methods for blasting and explosion operations is a topical issue in mining industry as they allow to improve characteristics of excavation works and safety of explosion operations. The paper presents a novel methodology for... more

Calculation methods for blasting and explosion operations is a topical issue in mining industry as they allow to improve characteristics of excavation works and safety of explosion operations. The paper presents a novel methodology for calculations for blasting and explosion operations and design of parameters of prismatic gain. That methodology comprises various specifics of rock geology and mining engineering during works in horizontal and vertical excavations. The feature of the presented methodology is that the calculation is based not on definition of specific consumption of explosives, but on accurate definition of radii of rock massif destruction zone in a case of explosion of an elongated charge. The study contains designed parameters of structures of gain blastholes. The proposed engineering solution allows to increase efficiency of explosion operations by decreasing of explosions' consumption, reducing drilling works and decreasing throwout of rocks after explosion. The proposed methodology had passed large scale industrial testing at mines of arctic branch of Norilsk Nickel ltd., which resulted in increase of quality of aforementioned parameters of explosions.

To assess the impact of a structured intervention, the "primary intervention for memory structuring and meaning acquisition" (PIMSMA) performed randomly in the emergency department with survivors of suicide bombing attacks, on... more

To assess the impact of a structured intervention, the "primary intervention for memory structuring and meaning acquisition" (PIMSMA) performed randomly in the emergency department with survivors of suicide bombing attacks, on their medium-term mental health outcome. Follow up and assessment 3-9 months postinjury, and 24 months thereafter. A tertiary referral general hospital in Tel Aviv, Israel. Injured survivors of 9 suicide bombing and suicide shooting, men and women aged 16-72 at the time of the incident. Diagnosis of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) was made using the Hebrew validated version of the DSM-IV SCID-PTSD rating scale. Other psychiatric symptoms were assessed using the following rating scales: impact of event scale (IES), Hamilton rating scale for depression (HAM-D) and for anxiety (HAM-A), and the Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI). Effects of PIMSMA and PTSD level of psychological distress were analyzed using ANOVA and for change over time for cont...

One hundred years ago, on a small peninsula near the Statue of Liberty, an explosion rocked New York City with a force that decimated nearby neighborhoods. That event came to be known as the Black Tom explosion, considered to be the first... more

One hundred years ago, on a small peninsula near the Statue of Liberty, an explosion rocked New York City with a force that decimated nearby neighborhoods. That event came to be known as the Black Tom explosion, considered to be the first U.S. act of domestic terrorism and the impetus for our modern day public safety agencies.

Ghanaian hand-painted movie posters were a commercial art form that flourished between the mid-1980s and late 1990s designed to advertise films for mobile ‘video clubs’ that developed in the coastal region near Accra. These ‘video... more

Ghanaian hand-painted movie posters were a commercial art form that flourished between the mid-1980s and late 1990s designed to advertise films for mobile ‘video clubs’ that developed in the coastal region near Accra. These ‘video clubs’ showed films from around the world. Nominally, most of these hand-painted posters are based upon the existing advertising imagery associated with the films, however, in nearly all posters, there are elements of inaccuracy and embellishment, ranging from a lack resemblance to the actors and minor spelling mistakes to the addition of explosions, monsters and depictions of cannibalism, that were not only absent from the ‘official’ images but were also absent from the advertised films. I examine this interplay between the appropriated imagery of Hollywood films, displayed in ‘official’ images, the films themselves, and the elements introduced by the poster artists to appeal to a Ghanaian audience. I argue that the types of films chosen for screening, and the subsequent posters commissioned to advertise them were informed by and reflective of the socio-cultural preoccupations of a cross-section of the Ghanaian urban lower and middle class. Principal amongst these preoccupations is the struggle of maintaining a moral and ‘modern’ Christian life, while faced with the temptations and interference of immorality and demonic forces. I argue that the underlying unity of the subject matter of the films is the struggle between Good and Evil. As good will always be triumphant this creates a element of safety absent from the real world and allows a lingering, voyeuristic fascination with the forbidden world of horror, violence, cannibalism, blood and sex, which is epitomised by the choice of films and emphasised in the posters.

An LPG filling station incident in Korea has been studied. The direct cause of the incident was concluded to be faulty joining of the couplings of the hoses during the butane unloading process from a tank lorry into an underground storage... more

An LPG filling station incident in Korea has been studied. The direct cause of the incident was concluded to be faulty joining of the couplings of the hoses during the butane unloading process from a tank lorry into an underground storage tank. The faulty connection of a hose to the tank lorry resulted in a massive leak of gas followed

This chapter is about managing sociotechnological risks. It is in the 70s that the notion of ‘high-risk’ (or ‘safety critical’) systems started to be distinguished and grouped into an independent category including industries such as the... more

This chapter is about managing sociotechnological risks. It is in the 70s that the notion of ‘high-risk’ (or ‘safety critical’) systems started to be distinguished and grouped into an independent category including industries such as the nuclear, aviation, marine, petrochemical or the railways. Any attempt such as this one to introduce this background in a few pages is necessarily restrictive, partly unfair but also a simplified account. And, there are of course many different strategies to do so. One option is to consider the field through the scientific disciplines involved, say sociology, engineering, psychology, ergonomics, management, etc. A second one, quite related to the first, is to introduce pioneers who, from different disciplinary backgrounds, produced seminal contributions used as shared references among various research communities interested in the safety of complex sociotechnological systems. A third one is to look into industry (aviation, nuclear or petrochemical) in order to illustrate and to differentiate the diversity of problems related to sociotechnological risks and how they materialise. Another option is to identify core concepts that sometimes cut across a range of disciplines, authors and industry which offers also good insights into the issues involved with sociotechnological risks. In any case, it is a very challenging task. The intention in this chapter is to combine a bit of these strategies in order to offer the reader a broad vision, and to follow editors’ guidelines specifying the following structure: first, key concepts, second, major debates and third open questions/perspectives.

Ce mémoire de recherche en Master 2, sous la direction de Philippe Dubois et présenté à l'Université Paris-3 en 2012, étudie l'esthétique du personnage cinématographique dans le cinéma contemporain. À travers l'analyse filmique, il essaye... more

Ce mémoire de recherche en Master 2, sous la direction de Philippe Dubois et présenté à l'Université Paris-3 en 2012, étudie l'esthétique du personnage cinématographique dans le cinéma contemporain. À travers l'analyse filmique, il essaye d'actualiser les notions de "personnage" et de "sujet", et propose de comprendre les inquiétudes identitaires du personnage/sujet contemporain à partir de deux catégories plastiques: la dissociation et l'explosion.

The objective of the presented work is to develop an efficient and validated approach based on a multi-dimensional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code for predicting turbulent gaseous dispersion, conjugated heat and mass transfer,... more

The objective of the presented work is to develop an efficient and validated approach based on a multi-dimensional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code for predicting turbulent gaseous dispersion, conjugated heat and mass transfer, multi-phase flow, and combustion of hydrogen mixtures. Applications of interest are accident scenarios relevant to nuclear power plant safety, renewable energy systems involved in hydrogen transport, hydrogen storage, facilities operating with hydrogen, as well as conventional large scale energy systems involving combustible gases. All model development is conducted within the framework of the high-performance scientific computing software GASFLOW-Multi-Physics-Integration (MPI). GASFLOW-MPI is the advanced parallel version of the GAS-FLOW sequential code with many newly developed and validated models and features. The code provides reliability, robustness and excellent parallel scalability in predicting all-speed flow-fields associated with hydrogen safety, including distribution, turbulent combustion and detonation. In the meanwhile, it has been well verified and validated by many international blind and open benchmarks. The recently developed combustion models in GASFLOW-MPI code are based on the transport equation of a reaction progress variable. The sources consist of turbulence dominated and chemistry kinetics dominated terms. Models have been implemented to compute the turbulent burning velocity for the turbulence controlled combustion rate. One-step and two-step models are included to obtain the chemical kinetics controlled reaction rate. These models, combined with the efficient and verified all-speed solver of the GASFLOW-MPI code, can be used for simulations of deflagration, detonation and the important transition processes like flame acceleration (FA) and deflagration-to-detonation-transition (DDT), without additional need for expert judgment and intervention. It should be noted that the major goal is to develop a reliable and efficient numerical tool for large-scale engineering analysis, instead of resolving the extremely complex physical phenomena and detailed chemistry kinetics on microscopic scales. During the course of this development, new verification and validation studies were completed for phenomena relevant to hydrogen-fueled combustion, such as shock wave capturing, premixed and DOI of original article: http://dx. ScienceDirect j o urn al h om epa ge: www.elsev ier.com/locate/he i n t e r n a t i o n a l j o u r n a l o f h y d r o g e n e n e r g y x x x (2 0 1 7) 1 e2 3 Please cite this article in press as: Xiao J, et al., GASFLOW-MPI: A new 3-D parallel all-speed CFD code for turbulent dispersion and combustion simulations, International Journal of Hydrogen Energy (2017), http://dx.

ABSTRACT Accidental actions which may affect the offshore topsides structure during its design life shall be identified and assessed by means of hazard analysis. The structural system shall be designed to resist accidental actions so as... more

ABSTRACT Accidental actions which may affect the offshore topsides structure during its design life shall be identified and assessed by means of hazard analysis. The structural system shall be designed to resist accidental actions so as to ensure the main safety functions of the structure are not so impaired as to lead to either unacceptable loss of integrity of the structure or escalation to cause its partial collapse.

The paper presents basic information about the prevention of explosions and fires in marine engines, with particular reference to explosions in the crankcase. It also discusses the possibility of using engine room simulators in educating... more

The paper presents basic information about the prevention of explosions and fires in marine engines, with particular reference to explosions in the crankcase. It also discusses the possibility of using engine room simulators in educating marine officer engineers to prevent dangerous situations during actual marine diesel operation. Two scenarios have been shown that illustrate the developments in the case of improper operation of main bearings while the operation of an engine safety system is intact and there is lack/override/failure of safety systems. In scenario I the main engine shut down occurs and scenario II simulates an explosion in the crankcase.

A series of medium-scale experiments on vented hydrogen deflagration was carried out at the KIT test side in a chamber of 1 × 1 × 1 m3 size with different vent areas. The experimental program was divided in three series: (1) uniform... more

A series of medium-scale experiments on vented hydrogen deflagration was carried out at the KIT test side in a chamber of 1 × 1 × 1 m3 size with different vent areas. The experimental program was divided in three series: (1) uniform hydrogen–air mixtures; (2) stratified hydrogen–air mixtures within the enclosure; (3) a layer deflagration of uniform mixture. Different uniform hydrogen–air mixtures from 7 to 18% hydrogen were tested with variable vent areas 0.01–1.0 m2. One test was done for rich mixture with 50% H2. To vary a gradient of concentration, all the experiments with a stratified hydrogen–air mixtures had about 4%H2 at the bottom and 10 to 25% H2 at the top of the enclosure. Measurement system consisted of a set of pressure sensors and thermocouples inside and outside the enclosure. Four cameras combined with a schlieren system (BOS) for visual observation of combustion process through transparent sidewalls were used. Four experiments were selected as benchmark experiments to compare them with four times larger scale FM Global tests (Bauwens et al., 2011) and to provide experimental data for further CFD modelling. The nature of external explosion leading to the multiple pressure peak structure was investigated in details. Current work addresses knowledge gaps regarding indoor hydrogen accumulations and vented deflagrations. The experiments carried out within this work attend to contribute the data for improved criteria for hydrogen–air mixture and enclosure parameters to avoid unacceptable explosion overpressure. Based on theoretical analysis and current experimental data a further vent sizing technology for hydrogen deflagrations in confined spaces should be developed, taking into account the peculiarities of hydrogen–air mixture deflagrations in presence of obstacles, concentration gradients of hydrogen–air mixtures, dimensions of a layer of flammable cloud, vent inertia, etc.

“YOU, the U-Bomb, or ‘YOU-Bomb goes Kabloom’: An Essay on Anonymity, Risibility, & Quantum Subjectivity,” published without author page-proofs ∴ with many odd glitches and with sections that had been deleted in the final draft (oh well!)... more

“YOU, the U-Bomb, or ‘YOU-Bomb goes Kabloom’: An Essay on Anonymity, Risibility, & Quantum Subjectivity,” published without author page-proofs ∴ with many odd glitches and with sections that had been deleted in the final draft (oh well!) in The Canadian Review of Comparative Literature Vol XXIII, Issue II, 1996, pp. 426-455 (submitted just prior to beginning a Masters/M.A. in Comparative Literature).

La semiótica de las emociones es de toda importancia para comprender que la teoría de Yuri Lotman es, antes que una ciencia de los signos, una historia de las culturas en toda su complejidad. Sin embargo, las se trata de una temática que... more

La semiótica de las emociones es de toda importancia para comprender que la teoría de Yuri Lotman es, antes que una ciencia de los signos, una historia de las culturas en toda su complejidad. Sin embargo, las se trata de una temática que discurre de manera fragmentaria por el pensamiento lotmaniano, incluso desde los primeros escritos fundacionales de la semiótica cultural. En este capítulo, me propongo revisar cómo en Lotman permanece siempre la idea de que las emociones imponen un orden sobre las culturas, aunque también su aparición caótica parecería revelar intensos cambios históricos, mucho antes de que las sociedades puedan ponerlos en palabras. Se rata de dos abordajes casi contrapuestos que, empero, contienen enorme valor para el estudio de los afectos, especialmente cuando se atiende a dos sistemas a los que Lotman le otorga mayor relevancia: las culturas del miedo y las culturas de la vergüenza. En un segundo momento, desplegaré algunos argumentos acerca de la intrincada relación entre emoción, explosión y violencia en tiempos más recientes y en nuestro contexto local argentino, tomando como caso ejemplar el llamado comportamiento de "manada" de los equipos de rugby.

There are several non-renewable sources for the generation of electricity and one of them is by the gas-fired power plant. Gas-fired power plant is utilizing natural gas which is mainly composed of methane in its process for the... more

There are several non-renewable sources for the generation of electricity and one of them is by the gas-fired power plant. Gas-fired power plant is utilizing natural gas which is mainly composed of methane in its process for the production of electricity. The usage of natural gas poses safety concerns should unwanted events occurred. Therefore, the objective of this work is to evaluate possible consequences of jet fire due to leakage of pipes inside the plant using ALOHA simulation software and followed by Quantitative Risk Calculation approach. There are several parameters studied in this work such as the size of leakage aperture, pipeline pressure, pipeline temperature and wind speed. It was found from the study that the bigger the leakage size and the higher the pipeline pressure resulted to greater consequence. Meanwhile, the higher the temperature of the pipeline has resulted a lesser consequence. It was also found that variation of the wind speed does not affect the degree of consequences in terms of severity. Moreover, the consequence from the worst case scenario was studied where it was found that heat radiation intensity from the possible jet fires at a distance of 50m, 100m, 200m, 300m and 400m are 12.1 kW/m 2 , 3.04 kW/m 2 , 0.754 kW/m 2 , 0.342 and 0.196 kW/m 2 respectively. As a conclusion, the study has shown that the consequence of jet fire will only pose a deadly threat to the workers inside the plant compound. This study serves as a structured work for consequence assessment for other types of premises in the future.