Contextualization Research Papers - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Un cours de christologie pertinent pour notre temps
This article contributes to the theoretical and methodological discussion on textual-contextual analysis in political communication and media research. It argues that taking into consideration both text and context throughout an analysis... more
This article contributes to the theoretical and methodological discussion on textual-contextual analysis in political communication and media research. It argues that taking into consideration both text and context throughout an analysis of the process of production enables the observation of the relation between the social and the linguistic. It opens up a non-deterministic perspective for the analysis of the above relation. The article rests upon an empirical study on the production of discourses for the campaign of European Parliament elections. The use of such a multilevel approach adds important elements to the research findings, particularly in terms of showing on the one hand how power relations within ‘Europarties’ results in the construction of common European identities in different European Union (EU) states, and on the other hand how professionalization of political communication reinforces discursive dissimilarities between parties of the same ideological family in different EU states.
In this short paper I start with a brief discussion about what BT training is. Then I share that the vision beyond 2025 is to develop self-sustainable BT/SU task force in every languages group and the end goals... more
In this short paper I start with a brief discussion about what BT training is. Then I share that the vision beyond 2025 is to develop self-sustainable BT/SU task force in every languages group and the end goals is to equip them with the abilities in the domains of Bible translation, biblical living style, self-sustainability(Training, Managing & Developing resources) and, Vision Casting. At the end I also suggest
some ideas about the strategy, for examples. result oriented approach, collaboration with others and serving all in an open source community, rediscover SIL history and BT philosophy, reengineering the BT process, be good stewards of advanced technology and extend & strengthen our consultant developing system through a mentoring
approach.
Farah, Warrick. 2018. "How Muslims Shape and Use Islam: Towards a Missiological Understanding." In Margins of Islam: Ministry in Diverse Muslim Contexts, edited by Gene Daniels and Warrick Farah, 13-21. Littleton, CO: William Carey... more
Farah, Warrick. 2018. "How Muslims Shape and Use Islam: Towards a Missiological Understanding." In Margins of Islam: Ministry in Diverse Muslim Contexts, edited by Gene Daniels and Warrick Farah, 13-21. Littleton, CO: William Carey Publishing.
This is a fascinating compendium of readings from around the world of biblical texts. The two editors, Mark Roncace and Joseph Weaver, colleagues at Wingate University, have gathered 160 short essays of one to two pages each into forty... more
This is a fascinating compendium of readings from around the world of biblical texts. The two editors, Mark Roncace and Joseph Weaver, colleagues at Wingate University, have gathered 160 short essays of one to two pages each into forty chapters, with four contributions per chapter. Twenty-four chapters of this volume deal with the Hebrew Bible, sixteen with the New Testament. The 125 authors range from those who teach in formal institutions of higher education to students, practitioners, and lay people. They come from different regions, and the world map that heads each chapter locates them geographically. The contributors explicitly identify their setting and hermeneutical commitments and how these inform their essays. Not all are Christians. Some are secular authors; others are individuals of other faiths. The breadth of representation of those within the Christian tradition is impressive. The spectrum spans from those of a more critical bent and from minorities to those to the far right (e.g., one essay is by a member of the Westboro Baptist Church). These are not the scholars one finds in most academic bibliographies. In the preface the editors explain the rationale behind this anthology. They desire, first of all, to exemplify the multitude of engagements that the Bible generates, a fact they believe reflects the diverse nature of the messages and views within the Bible itself. At the same time, their hope is that this mixture of interactions with the biblical text will cause readers to rethink how they look at life. The book's format is designed to facilitate the realization
Adult learners’ perceptions on inductive and deductive teaching approaches for English grammar were examined. The written performance of two student groups taught via an inductive and deductive approach, respectively, and created by... more
Adult learners’ perceptions on inductive and deductive teaching approaches for English grammar were examined. The written performance of two student groups taught via an inductive and deductive approach, respectively, and created by random allocation was also contrasted. Specifically, the form, meaning and use of the past perfect were assessed on the day of explanation, and ten days later, using a reading text and practice and production exercises. Learners overwhelmingly preferred the deductive approach, but minimal differences between the inductive and deductive groups’ performance were found, probably related to the underpinning use of local cultural contextualization while language teaching both groups. The study shows a deductive approach with terse explanations, and aided by the systematic use of concrete, meaningful examples during the procedure, particularly when drawn from a familiar local cultural context, is both successful and relates to learners’ expectations. Teachers ...
Discipleship is fundamental to developing Christian leaders. A discussion on Christian leadership requires we consider the importance of the church and personal character. Some people might not realize that these two topics correspond... more
Discipleship is fundamental to developing Christian leaders. A discussion on Christian leadership requires we consider the importance of the church and personal character. Some people might not realize that these two topics correspond with prominent themes in honor-shame cultures; namely, collective identity and a practical approach to ethics. Many Asian religions and philosophies tend to emphasize the importance of community yet veer away from abstract doctrines that do not affect one's daily life. Therefore, this paper considers how honor and shame can and should influence our approach to discipleship and thus Christian leadership in general.
Albeit school teachers ’ traditional concepts are believed one of the obstacles of fostering children’s creativity, their voices and demands were not heard among the attempts of promoting creativity education in Taiwan. This study aims to... more
Albeit school teachers ’ traditional concepts are believed one of the obstacles of fostering children’s creativity, their voices and demands were not heard among the attempts of promoting creativity education in Taiwan. This study aims to gain an in-depth understanding of primary school teachers ’ responses of adopting creative pedagogy in an Asian context. Ten-week lessons based on the framework of creative pedagogy were designed and taught to two six-grade classes by the researcher. During the lessons, the classroom teachers acted as non-participant observers; their views concerning the pedagogy and ethos were collected through individual interviews in the end of the project. Strategies employed in the lessons were considered useful in developing creative qualities. Tensions of adopting creative pedagogy were also indicated. Their concerns revealed certain misconceptions of as well as the support they need in adopting creative pedagogy. A need to contextualise creative pedagogy is...
Despite frequent references to the field of Persian language education, it is only in the past decade that scholars have conducted empirical research on Persian language teaching. Like teachers of other foreign languages, Persian language... more
Despite frequent references to the field of Persian language education, it is only in the past decade that scholars have conducted empirical research on Persian language teaching. Like teachers of other foreign languages, Persian language teachers base their teaching methodologies on their expertise, practical experiences, and students` needs. They not only teach about the language, but they also portray the social, cultural, and educational contexts in which they were born, grew up, and were educated. This article describes the teaching of Persian as a heritage language at the beginning level by three Persian language teachers. First, I will narrate the particular language teaching methodologies each teacher applies in their classroom. Second, I discuss the ways that teachers bring various forms of funds of knowledge (Moll et.al. 1992) into their teaching journey. I also define if and how the funds of knowledge of Persian language teachers are integrated into their teaching activities and materials in their classrooms.
This paper aims to examine the implications, benefits, and challenges of using the Buddhist concept of merit transference to explain the redemptive work of Christ to those with a karmic worldview, with particular attention to the... more
This paper aims to examine the implications, benefits, and challenges of using the Buddhist concept of merit transference to explain the redemptive work of Christ to those with a karmic worldview, with particular attention to the Theravada Buddhist context. The first part of the paper will examine the nature of karma, merit, and merit transference as they exist in the minds of Buddhists, particularly Theravada Buddhists. The second part of the paper will deal with adapting the merit transference paradigm to explain the cross of Christ, followed by an analysis of the potentially positive and negative consequences of presenting the Gospel in this way.
This Special Issue aims to further explore the contextual embeddedness of women’s entrepreneurship and to co-create useful knowledge and expertise that can feed joint learning, innovative practices and evidence-based policy-making for... more
This Special Issue aims to further explore the contextual embeddedness of women’s entrepreneurship and to co-create useful knowledge and expertise that can feed joint learning, innovative practices and evidence-based policy-making for successful women’s entrepreneurship promotion and gender-just inclusive growth around the globe.
The present study was an attempt to examine the effect of the degree of contextualization on reading and listening comprehension tests. In other words, it was intended to check the performance of the learners providing with high... more
The present study was an attempt to examine the effect of the degree of contextualization on reading and listening comprehension tests. In other words, it was intended to check the performance of the learners providing with high contextualized input compared to those who received low contextualized input. In doing so, 36 intermediate learners from an English Language Institute, participated in this study. Following that, two kinds of reading comprehension tests, more contextualized and less contextualized, and two kinds of listening comprehension tests, more contextualized and less contextualized, were designed. The data collected from the participants were analyzed by using t-test analysis. Findings revealed that there was a significant difference between the mean score of more contextualized input and less contextualized input in both reading and listening comprehension tests. However, the results of the present study showed that contextualization seemed not to have any significant effect on the reading and listening. It was concluded that both learners' proficiency level and degree of contextualization should be considered when designing listening and reading comprehension tests.
Despite the significant research on motivation, engagement, and satisfaction in gamification, the quality of the information provided by instructors and designers to students on the gamified application has not received commensurate... more
Despite the significant research on motivation, engagement, and satisfaction in gamification, the quality of the information provided by instructors and designers to students on the gamified application has not received commensurate attention. One potential reason is that quality is an abstract notion that cannot be expressed by simple definition. This paper focus on the critical aspect of the gamified learning environment: using gamified information to enhance students learning behaviour by providing information systems such as Kahoot Mobile Learning application. Our study, based on the contextual and representational information quality, examined 139 users of a gamified information system and found the differential need for information quality when designing content for students. Additionally, the study revealed the four characteristics (website, user, social and task) of information quality as critical dimensions in determining learner’s satisfaction in the gamified application, which in turn influences perceived learning. Our findings provide educators and instructors with important guidelines which when considered on a contextual basis would motivate learners to obtain further information from gamified systems that may lead to perceived learning performance.
In facing national diversity, it is needed an approach to solve the problem of interfaith relationship. Discussion is believed to be the solution to bring together two different religions in tension. Since the discussion of religious... more
In facing national diversity, it is needed an approach to solve the problem of interfaith relationship. Discussion is believed to be the solution to bring together two different religions in tension. Since the discussion of religious diversity often became sensitive and triggering conflict, the researchers decided writing about SARABA: Satu Rasa Beda Agama. It was presented to discuss an alternative approach in interfaith discussions in informal spaces, coffee shops / saraba performed by young people. The characteristics of coffee shop / saraba are relaxing, free, constituted paradigms, inclusive and opened to all visitors. So, the discussions of religious diversity in the coffee shop / Saraba do not cause quarrels and conflicts.
- by Febri Manoppo and +1
- •
- Contextualism, Inter-faith dialogue, Coffee Shop, Contextualization
Scholars of entrepreneurship can agree that 'context matters. ' However, there is little consensus regarding the processes through which context and entrepreneurship are mutually constructive. While the influence of top-down forces on... more
Scholars of entrepreneurship can agree that 'context matters. ' However, there is little consensus regarding the processes through which context and entrepreneurship are mutually constructive. While the influence of top-down forces on entrepreneurial action is well-studied, the ways in which 'bottom-up' entrepreneurial processes reshape context remain undertheorized. To help fill this void, this article explores the dynamic interplay between entrepreneurship and semi-colonial context in Republican Shanghai (1911-1949), by retracing the history of Shanghai's 'Taxi King' , Zhou Xiangsheng, and his enterprise, Johnson Taxi. Through context theorising, the article explicates mechanisms by which Chinese entrepreneurs reshaped semi-colonial Shanghai: how they launched informal taxi services that filled critical gaps in urban connectivity; combined heterogenous technologies to build city-wide taxi networks that traversed Shanghai's many divides; and harnessed rising nationalistic sentiments to link the consumption of transportation services with political identity. We argue that through such mechanisms, Chinese entrepreneurs not only navigated their situated context, but actively re-imagined and transformed it.
This is the latest edition of a seminary course that I teach on a biblical response to animistic practices in Asia that fall under the guise of folk Islam, folk Buddhism, folk Hinduism and folk Christianity. The course is comprehensive,... more
This is the latest edition of a seminary course that I teach on a biblical response to animistic practices in Asia that fall under the guise of folk Islam, folk Buddhism, folk Hinduism and folk Christianity. The course is comprehensive, seeking to understand animism at both the behavior and worldview level and biblical truth to light on this critical subject. I take an interdisiciplinary approach, bringing together cultural anthropology, theology and practical theology.
The English and American members of the artists' group Art & Language wrote between 1966 and 1976 articles on the constitution of theories in general and constituted with it basics of a theory of Conceptual Art. In 1973 the lexicon... more
The English and American members of the artists' group Art & Language wrote between 1966 and 1976 articles on the constitution of theories in general and constituted with it basics of a theory of Conceptual Art. In 1973 the lexicon "Blurting in A & L" was realized by American members as a collection of entries on topics of their discourse. These topics were written by different members and published in chronological order.
The website of the artists´ group Art & Language within the website of ZKM (Zentrum für Kunst und Medientechnologie, Karlsruhe) presents the lexicon "Blurting in A & L" in an online version (URL: http://blurting-in.zkm.de/ Realisation: Christoph Pingel) because a translation into hypertext is feasible: Michael Corris and Mel Ramsden noted under each entry connections between some of the 408 entries/annotations/blurts. The web version offers each reader the opportunity to compare pairs of chosen entries: They are presented beside each other.
The website includes articles contextualizing "Blurting in A & L" within the activities of the group in the seventies. Present and former members of Art & Language (Michael Baldwin, Michael Corris, Philip Pilkington, Mel Ramsden) summarize and reflect on their activities.
In Thomas Dreher's essay "Blurting in A & L" is embedded within the proceedings of the discourse of Art & Language. He reconstructs how the members of Art & Language used the Philosophy of Science (Paul Feyerabend, Imre Lakatos, Thomas Kuhn) in 1972/73 to develop further their earlier point of view. The entries of "Blurting in A & L" summarize this stage of development.
Republished with some updated links (esp. to illustrations) in: URL: https://dreher.netzliteratur.net/3_Konzeptkunst_Art_Lang5e.html (The original version is now stored at Internet Archive: URL: https://web.archive.org/web/20200210154240/http://blurting-in.zkm.de/e/invest_context);
Blurting in A & L online, formerly on the website of ZKM (Center for Art and Media, Karlsruhe), is now archived at Internet Archive: URL: https://web.archive.org/web/20060303032010/http://container.zkm.de/blurting/annotations.html;
April 2024: Blurting in A & L online on the website of ZKM is restored: http://container.zkm.de/blurting/annotations.html
The modern way of living alienated us from natural environment, cultural, historical and traditional heritage as well from other people. Contemporary materialistic spirit and way of living imposed a sense of existence and had an essential... more
The modern way of living alienated us from natural environment, cultural, historical and traditional heritage as well from other people. Contemporary materialistic spirit and way of living imposed a sense of existence and had an essential impact on the architecture. This sequence of events had a series of consequences that we feel with more and more intensity, and then we become aware of the necessity of a change in thinking and behavior. Construction in accordance with the immediate and present context minimizes negative impacts on the environment which becomes imperative to explore and should seek for. Maturation of the idea of harmonious and sustainable building is possible through a research of the traditional construction in the past with modern treatment and positive findings from the present.
With its appearance modern architecture has brought revolutionary changes in the understanding of what house should provide to the user by insisting on transparency, sunshine, open plan, organization and orientation of space. Quality achievements of modern architecture in many cases lean on purity of forming, rationalism and functionality of vernacular traditions of the Mediterranean. According to stated facts, contextualization of contemporary architecture in the Mediterranean can be based on the philosophy of modern design with compliance of the all specifics of every particular location followed by principles of ecological sustainability.
The paper use studies of relevant authors and thoughts of famous architects to affirm contextual thinking and find their establishments in a numerous of recent examples some of which are presented in this study.
When teaching Scripture Engagement, it is usual to follow one of three approaches: 1. The Eight Conditions (Wayne Dye) 2. Barriers to Scripture Engagement (Harriet & Margaret Hill), and by extension study of the audience’s worldview,... more
This paper will look at some of the strengths and weaknesses of church planting models and will assess several different popular church planting models that have been used in many different contexts. Also, emphasis will be placed on what... more
This paper will look at some of the strengths and weaknesses of church planting models and will assess several different popular church planting models that have been used in many different contexts. Also, emphasis will be placed on what each model looks like, how they function, how they multiply, and how they have been used in various international contexts.
Narrates the history of how the Ceylon Bible Society Revision Committee led by Rev. S.J. de S. Weerasinghe and Rev. Dr. Lynn A. de Silva coined the neologism 'Dharmayānō' to translate the Greek Christological title 'ho logos' (Jn 1:1, 14;... more
Narrates the history of how the Ceylon Bible Society Revision Committee led by Rev. S.J. de S. Weerasinghe and Rev. Dr. Lynn A. de Silva coined the neologism 'Dharmayānō' to translate the Greek Christological title 'ho logos' (Jn 1:1, 14; "the Word") in the New Sinhala Bible (1982). The article also discusses the issue of syncretism raised by critics of the new translation, and includes Rev. Dr. Lynn de Silva's hitherto unpublished paper on 'Dharma and Logos', as an appendix.
This study investigated on how well the students can explain science concepts through movie scene clips as a summative assessment. It focused on the depth of the concepts learned in physics, chemistry, and earth and life science, and to... more
This study investigated on how well the students can explain science concepts through movie scene clips as a summative assessment. It focused on the depth of the concepts learned in physics, chemistry, and earth and life science, and to the 21st century skills developed by the students while combining the scene clips and reviewing the concepts observed from the scenes. Ninety seven students from three different schools in Luzon, Philippines during the first semester of school year 2017-2018 were selected to participate: grade 12 students under the Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics strand enrolled in General Physics 1 from Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Maynila, second year college students enrolled in General Chemistry from Bataan Peninsula State University and grade 11 students under the General Academic Strand enrolled in Earth and Life Science from Isaac Lopez Integrated School in Mandaluyong City. Students grouped in 4-5 members were required to choose a film and clip the scenes which have applications and violations of science concepts observed from the scenes. The outcomes were then presented in class. The result reveals a 3.1 mean in the students' mastery of the concepts in physics, 3.0 mean in chemistry, and 3.2 in earth and life science, with 4.0 as the basis of an excellent mark. This shows that the mastery of the concepts learned in each subject falls under the proficient category. The study has also found support in the development of the students' 21st century skills, which are creativity, teamwork, communication, critical thinking, digital competencies, leadership, and planning.
1. Einführung ................................................................ 1 2. „Sozialplanung“ und die Anfänge der Lerntheorie...................................................................2 3. Die Theorie der logischen... more
1. Einführung ................................................................ 1
2. „Sozialplanung“ und die Anfänge der
Lerntheorie...................................................................2
3. Die Theorie der logischen Typen ..............................2
4. Kontextualisierung .....................................................2
5. Lernen als Veränderung – Lernen NULL ...............3
6. Lernen I ....................................................................3
7. Lernen II – Gewohnheits- und Charakterbildung.......3
8. Lernen III ....................................................................4
9. Lernen IV – Ontogenese plus Phylogenese ........5
Anwendungsversuch I: Lernen II im Kulturvergleich 5
Anwendungsversuch II: Die pädagogische Praxis 5
10. Kritik I: Übertragung der logischen Typen ........5
Kritik II: Fehlende Empirie ......................................6
Kritik III: Epimenides’ Paradoxon ...............................6
Quellen und Literatur: .....................................................6
The Great Commission (Matthew 28:18-20) involves making disciples of the inhabitants of a dynamic, diverse planet. Contextualization, one of the hottest topics in Christian literature, helps bridge the gap between this unredeemed planet,... more
The Great Commission (Matthew 28:18-20) involves making disciples of the inhabitants of a dynamic, diverse planet. Contextualization, one of the hottest topics in Christian literature, helps bridge the gap between this unredeemed planet, dissonant cultures and the gospel. Through examining Scripture, as well as much scholarly discourse on the benefits, risks, definitional quandaries and background of ‘contextualization,’ we uncover an essential tool of missionary enterprise, its value dictated by our grasp and devotion towards the gospel while utilizing it. Contextualization receives verification rooted in Scripture, particularly the New Testament, with missiologists Hiebert and Smart providing complementary models bearing fruit in contemporary society. We are thus charged with the responsibility not merely to consider if we contextualize, but how to do so adequately, with Muslim missiologists providing many complex yet pertinent questions to grapple with, particularly through application of Travis’ C1-C6 continuum.
This essay summarizes the foundational principles of Pacific Theology as set forth by Dr Sione 'Amanaki Havea of Tonga in 1986.
The ultimate purpose of this article is to show the value of Ecclesiastes by using the book's message to restate the Four Noble Truths of Buddhism in Christian terminology. To some degree, Christians relatively agree with Buddhists on the... more
The ultimate purpose of this article is to show the value of Ecclesiastes by using the book's message to restate the Four Noble Truths of Buddhism in Christian terminology. To some degree, Christians relatively agree with Buddhists on the first and second Truths, that all of existence is suffering and that this suffering is caused by an unhealthy attachment to desire of the worldly. However, while Buddhists, in their primarily atheistic worldview, teach that man must eliminate desire, Christians, in their theistic worldview, can restate the Four Noble Truths to teach that man must simply reorient his desire toward someone non-worldly. The article begins with an overview of both the diagnosis-cure model for understanding religions and an overview of the Four Noble Truths of Buddhism. Then, I provide a few of the most pertinent similarities and differences between the two religions. After showing the relevance of Ecclesiastes to Buddhists, I employ the book to present the "Four Noble Truths of Christianity," as a contextualized message for missionaries to present in their attempts to make the gospel known to Buddhists.
The Cold War was a time of intense war-preparations by the two opposing blocs, NATO and the WTO, including for a potential nuclear war. The building of massive underground bunkers was an essential part of these developments, with Object... more
The Cold War was a time of intense war-preparations by the two opposing blocs, NATO and the WTO, including for a potential nuclear war. The building of massive underground bunkers was an essential part of these developments, with Object No. 1180 being a relevant example of Soviet bunker building during the last decade of the Cold War. Originally built to house the command point of the Soviet Army’s High Command of the Southwestern Direction, this bunker system was abandoned soon after the fall of the Soviet Union. A chaotic process of attempted dismantlement followed. At the same time, there is an increasing interest in this site from urban explorers and people interested in dark tourism. The aim of this thesis is to discuss the current situation of the site, compare it with other bunkers that were already transformed into tourist destinations, and propose suggestions for converting Object No. 1180 into a tourism attraction for a wider audience. A side objective of this work is to spark academic interest in the currently under-researched Soviet-era heritage in terms of bunker building and militarized landscapes. After discussing Object No. 1180’s current situation and cultural significance, and also undertaking the necessary comparisons with other sites, several suggestions on its conversion into a heritage site are given. They focus mostly around the concept of non-invasive tourism development, in order to preserve the authenticity and cultural significance of the Object No. 1180 bunker system. The creation and implementation of a tourism development project for Object No. 1180 would make it accessible for a diverse audience of tourists, while also contributing to awareness-raising regarding the Soviet-era bunker heritage.
Communicating the gospel across cultural barriers is an essential element of the Great Commission. Jesus mandated that his followers should go and make disciples of all the nations (Matt. 28:19a). The gospel was not limited to Israel, but... more
Communicating the gospel across cultural barriers is an essential element of the Great Commission. Jesus mandated that his followers should go and make disciples of all the nations (Matt. 28:19a). The gospel was not limited to Israel, but it was good news for all peoples in all lands. Thus, beginning with Paul, Christians continue to take the gospel to πάντα τὰ ἔθνη.
Fluency in language and culture traditionally have been the benchmarks of effectively engaging cultures in the task of teaching them to observe all that Jesus commanded (Matt. 28:20a). Missionaries have endeavored to inhabit the milieus in which they labor in order to transpose the message of the gospel in such a way that indigenous Christianity resulted with minimal levels of syncretism and apostasy. In recent decades, however, missionaries have been confronted with a another facet contextualizing the gospel into a culture.
More than 80 percent of the world’s population function within the orality framework. The prevalence of oral learners alone is sufficient stimulus to analyze the nature of orality. However, when one apprehends the extensive effect orality possesses in evangelization, discipleship, and church planting, impetus to address this issue becomes critical. Orality’s sweeping implications for missions cannot be ignored. Efficacious engagement of oral learners reaches beyond Bible storying to include an embodiment of the oral framework through deliberate adjustment of cognitive process, media selection, relational emphasis, and content structure.
It has now become commonplace for church leaders in the Pacific and even Bible students to think that the gospel was already here in Tonga and in the Pacific before the arrival of the Christian missionaries in the nineteenth century. This... more
It has now become commonplace for church leaders in the Pacific and even Bible students to think that the gospel was already here in Tonga and in the Pacific before the arrival of the Christian missionaries in the nineteenth century. This paper will argue that this is a mistaken idea constructed upon a seemingly ignorance of Tongan history in the time before the arrival of the missionaries. The case will be argued here that even though pre-Christian Tongans have their own Lotu (religion), it was a pantheistic religion which emerged from natural and superstitious ideas hostile to the biblical God. Historical evidence from the time of Captain Cook, the story of George Vason, one of the missionaries who arrived in 1797, and even the conversion of King Tupou I amongst others will be marshalled as evidence that our forefathers were able to clearly distinguish between their former way of life in the old Lotu and the new Lotu-kosipeli (gospel Lotu) that was brought by the missionaries. 2
This paper offers a critique of the Pacific theological enterprise and its foundational principles set forth in the beginning by Dr Sione 'Amanaki Havea of Tonga. In my view, the current shape of Pacific theology and its theological... more
This paper offers a critique of the Pacific theological enterprise and its foundational principles set forth in the beginning by Dr Sione 'Amanaki Havea of Tonga. In my view, the current shape of Pacific theology and its theological constructs has proven profoundly unhelpful to Pacific people on the grassroots level.