Deficit Irrigation Research Papers - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
A field study on cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L., cv.) was carried out from 2005 to 2008 in the Çukurova Region, Eastern Mediterranean, Turkey. Treatments were designated as I100 full irrigation; DI70, DI50 and DI00 which received 70, 50,... more
A field study on cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L., cv.) was carried out from 2005 to 2008 in the Çukurova Region, Eastern Mediterranean, Turkey. Treatments were designated as I100 full irrigation; DI70, DI50 and DI00 which received 70, 50, and 0% of the irrigation water amount applied in the I100 treatment. The irrigation water amount to be applied to the plots
During four growing seasons, 10-year-old apricot trees (Prunus armeniaca L., cv. ‘Búlida’) were submitted to three different drip irrigation regimes: (1) a control treatment, irrigated at 100% of seasonal crop evapotranspiration (ETc),... more
During four growing seasons, 10-year-old apricot trees (Prunus armeniaca L., cv. ‘Búlida’) were submitted to three different drip irrigation regimes: (1) a control treatment, irrigated at 100% of seasonal crop evapotranspiration (ETc), (2) a continuous deficit irrigation (DI) treatment, irrigated at 50% of the control treatment, and (3) a regulated deficit irrigation (RDI) treatment, irrigated at 100% of ETc during the critical periods, which correspond to stage III of fruit growth and 2 months after harvest (early postharvest), and at 25% of ETc during the rest of the non-critical periods in the first two growing seasons and at 40% of ETc in the third and fourth. Soil–plant–water relation parameters were sensitive to the water deficits applied, which caused reductions in leaf and soil water potentials. The longer and severer deficits of the RDI treatment decreased fruit yield in the first two seasons. The RDI treatment pointed to two threshold values that defined the level at which both plant growth and yield were negatively affected with respect to the control treatment: (1) a predawn leaf water potential of around −0.5 MPa during the critical periods, and (2) a 22% drop in irrigation water. The total yield obtained in the DI treatment was significantly reduced in all the years studied due to the lower number of fruits per tree. No changes in the physical characteristics of fruits were observed at harvest. RDI can be considered a useful strategy in semiarid areas with limited water resources.
Agricultural production has forced researchers to focus on increasing water use efficiency by improving either new drought-tolerant plant varieties or water management for arid and semi-arid areas under water shortage conditions. A field... more
Agricultural production has forced researchers to focus on increasing water use efficiency by improving either new drought-tolerant plant varieties or water management for arid and semi-arid areas under water shortage conditions. A field study was conducted to determine effects of seasonal deficit irrigation on plant root yield, quality and water use efficiency (WUE) of sugar beet for a 2-year period in the semi-arid region. Irrigations were applied when approximately 50–55% of the usable soil moisture was consumed in the effective rooting depth at the full irrigation (FI) treatment. In deficit irrigation treatments, irrigations were applied at the rates of 75, 50 and 25% of full irrigation treatment on the same day. Irrigation water was applied by a drip irrigation system. Increasing water deficits resulted in a relatively lower root and white sugar yields. The linear relationship between evapotranspiration and root yield was obtained. Similarly, WUE was the highest in DI25 irrigation conditions and the lowest in full irrigation conditions. According to the averaged values of 2 years, yield response factor (k y ) was 0.93 for sugar beet. Sugar beet root quality parameters were influenced by drip irrigation levels in both years. The results revealed that irrigation of sugar beet with drip irrigation method at 75% level (DI25) had significant benefits in terms of saved irrigation water and large WUE, indicating a definitive advantage of deficit irrigation under limited water supply conditions. In an economic viewpoint, 25% saving of irrigation water (DI25) caused 6.1% reduction in the net income.
Irrigation uses more than 70% of all water diverted to various uses worldwide. In the Mediterranean region, due to the limited rainfall and the erratic distribution within the year, irrigation of crops is essential to ensure high yields.... more
Irrigation uses more than 70% of all water diverted to various uses worldwide. In the Mediterranean region, due to the limited rainfall and the erratic distribution within the year, irrigation of crops is essential to ensure high yields. The increase in water demand from other users coupled with wáter scarcity is leading to the reduction in the amount of water diverted for agriculture. One of the strategies that are actually being implemented in order to reduce water inputs in agriculture is déficit irrigation, which consists on the application of water below crop water requirements (English, 1990). In order to test the applicability of this technique in this region, an experiment was set up during 2007 and 2008 in a clementine orange commercial orchard, where a sustained deficit irrigation (SDI) was compared against the irrigation program used by the farmer in the orchard.
(…) In conclusion, the reduction of water application to 62% of that applied in the farm practice (an application equivalent to around 80% of calculated ETc) did not show any decline in yield during two years. Fruit quality was not affected by mild water deficit applied in summer. Over-irrigation did not show any increase in benefit, either in fruit yield or quality. TSS/TA showed a decrease in fruit quality in 2007, but not in 2008. However, longer-term studies are required in order to assess the effects of water shortage on fruit production dynamics.
Field experiments were conducted during 2007–2009 to study the effect of deficit irrigation practices through drip irrigation system on soil moisture distribution and root growth in cotton–maize cropping sequence. Creation of soil... more
Field experiments were conducted during 2007–2009 to study the effect of deficit irrigation practices through drip irrigation system on soil moisture distribution and root growth in cotton–maize cropping sequence. Creation of soil moisture gradient is indispensable to explore the beneficial effects of partial root zone drying (PRD) irrigation and it could be possible only through ADI practice in paired row system of drip layout, that is commonly practiced in India. In the present study, PRD and deficit irrigation (DI) concepts (creation of soil moisture gradient) were implemented through alternate deficit irrigation (ADI) at two levels of irrigation using drip system. Experimental treatments comprised of six irrigation levels (full and deficit) through drip system with surface irrigation for comparison. Maize was sown after cotton under no till condition without disturbing the raised bed and drip layout. Roots confined to the shallow depth and recorded the lowest values for both the crops under conventional drip irrigation at 100% ETc. Among the deficit irrigation treatments, mild deficit irrigation produced longer lateral roots from both the sides of the plant. Contrary to rooting depth, severe water stress affected the lateral root spread and recorded lower values than other drip irrigation treatments. Soil moisture content (SMC) was low nearer to the plant (at 30 cm across the lateral) and far away (at 30 cm along the lateral) from the plant, irrespective of treatments. The reduction in SMC was increased at all locations as applied water level decreased. It is concluded that alternate watering imposed through ADI at 100% ETc produced longer lateral roots with higher values for root dry mass Alternate deficit irrigation (ADI) resulted uneven distribution of soil moisture content. Among the ADI treatments, ADI at 100% had less uneven distribution than ADI at 80% ETc.► Alternate deficit irrigation (ADI) resulted uneven distribution of soil moisture content. ► ADI at 100% ETc had less uneven distribution than at 80% ETc. ► Soil moisture content was decreased at all locations as water applied decreased. ► Roots confined to the shallow depth under conventional drip irrigation. ► Rooting depth was increased as water stress increased and ADI promotes more secondary active roots.
The effect of different irrigation and air humidity conditioning treatments on the morphological and physiological responses of Rosmarinus officinalis in nursery conditions was investigated in order to evaluate the degree of hardening... more
The effect of different irrigation and air humidity conditioning treatments on the morphological and physiological responses of Rosmarinus officinalis in nursery conditions was investigated in order to evaluate the degree of hardening resulting from these conditions. Rosmarinus officinalis seedlings were pot-grown during 4 months in two greenhouses (nursery period), in which two irrigation treatments were used (control and deficit). In
The grapevine plays a very important role in the economic, social and cultural sectors of many regions; however vineyards are often grown in regions under stressful conditions and thus they are vulnerable to climate change. The objective... more
The grapevine plays a very important role in the economic, social and cultural sectors of many regions; however vineyards are often grown in regions under stressful conditions and thus they are vulnerable to climate change. The objective of this research was to investigate the effect of partial root-zone drying (PRD) irrigation on vine water relations, vegetative growth, plant microclimate, berry composition and yield components, compared to conventional deficit irrigation (DI, 50% ETc), full irrigation (FI, 100% of ETc) and non-irrigated vines (NI). The study was undertaken in mature ‘Moscatel’ grapevines (Vitis vinifera L.) grown in Pegões, South of Portugal. Compared to the other irrigated treatments, PRD vines showed a better microclimate at the cluster zone with higher incident photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD). Within the more open canopies of NI and PRD treatments, berry temperatures were higher than those of denser ones (DI and FI). Compared to the conventional irrigation technique the better microclimate observed in PRD vines was a consequence of a reduction in vine growth, where lower values of leaf layer number, leaf area, canopy wideness, water shoots and shoot weight were observed. In PRD vines we observed a tendency to a development of a deeper root system, while DI and FI showed a more homogeneous root distribution throughout the different soil layers. PRD showed an improvement in berry quality with higher values of flavour precursors, and total phenols concentration without any significant yield reduction compared to DI and FI.
Maize is one of the most important field crops in the world and Maize production with a cultivated area of about 350000 hectares and an average grain yield of 3.5 ton. ha-1 is very important and common in Iran. The purpose of this study... more
Maize is one of the most important field crops in the world and Maize production with a cultivated area of about 350000 hectares and an average grain yield of 3.5 ton. ha-1 is very important and common in Iran. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of different levels of water and nitrogen on maize biomass, grain yield, irrigation water productivity and nitrogen productivity and finding the best irrigation and nitrogen fertilizer practices for producing Maize. Maize (SC. 704) was planted in 2018 as three irrigation treatments (I1, I2 and I3 to provide 100, 75 and 50 percent of crop evapotranspiration respectively) and four nitrogen treatments (N1, N2, N3 and N4 to provide 200, 125, 50 and zero kg of nitrogen per hectare in total, respectively) in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The results showed a significant effect of irrigation, nitrogen and their interaction effects on maize biomass and grain yield. Maximum maize biomass and grain yield were 23.02 ton. ha-1 and 12.78 kg. ha-1 for full irrigation treatment with 200 kg. ha-1 nitrogen (I1N1) treatment, respectively. Maximum irrigation water productivity for maize biomass and grain yield were 4.93 and 2.7 kg. m-3 for I2N1 and minimum irrigation water productivity for maize biomass and grain yield were 3.37 and 1.77 kg. m-3 for I1N4 treatments, respectively.
This study was conducted to determine the effects of deficit irrigation on tuber growth and quality of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.). Certified seeds of potato variety “Agria” were used as study material. Irrigation treatments was... more
This study was conducted to determine the effects of deficit irrigation on tuber growth and quality of potato (Solanum
tuberosum L.). Certified seeds of potato variety “Agria” were used as study material. Irrigation treatments was consisted
of one irrigation interval (5 days) and five different levels (I , I , I , I , I ) of soil water deficit measured before 100 85 70 55 40
irrigations. First irrigation was applied by drip irrigation up to field capacity the soil water content in 0-60 cm depth in all
treatments. Subsequent irrigations were applied according to the treatments.
The irrigation water and evapotranspiration (ET) values of treatments ranged from 243.0 to 311.9.4 mm and from 337.1
to 385.9 mm in the first year, respectively, and from 166.7 to 223.2 mm and from 204.0 to 255.7 mm in the second year,
respectively. Yields varied from 30.85 to 47.13 t/ha in the first year and from 28.77 to 44.45 t/ha in the second year. The
yields were decreased based on water deficit levels. The highest yields were obtained from I treatment. 100
The results have indicated that water restriction had a significant effect on yield, single tuber weight, percentage of
marketable tuber, plant length, mean tuber length, mean tuber diameter and percentage of tuber peeling. The results were
showing that the I treatment in especially was of the most importance for the highest percentage marketable tuber and 100
tuber yield obtained per unit water applied. Therefore, the I treatment can be recommended for potato cultivation under 100
similar climatic and soil conditions.
The scarcity of irrigation water is one of the major causes of low productivity and decline of citrus orchards. The present study was planned with a hypothesis that the drip irrigation (DI) could save a substantial amount of water over... more
The scarcity of irrigation water is one of the major causes of low productivity and decline of citrus orchards. The present study was planned with a hypothesis that the drip irrigation (DI) could save a substantial amount of water over surface irrigation, besides improving the yield of citrus plants. The experiment was conducted for 3 seasons during 2006–2009, with 'Nagpur' mandarin (Citrus reticulata Blanco) plants budded on rough lemon (Citrus Jambhiri Lush) rootstock in central India. The effects of DI and basin irrigation (BI) on soil chemical properties and crop responses were studied. DI was scheduled every-other-day at 40%, 60%, 80% and 100% of the alternate day cumulative evaporation (E cp) measured in Class-A evaporation pan. DI except irrigation at 40% E cp proved superior to BI, producing more growth and fruit yield of plants. The higher plant growth was recorded with higher regime of DI. The maximum fruit yield in DI at 80% E cp , using 29% less irrigation water resulted in 111% improvement in irrigation water productivity under this treatment over BI. The heavier fruits, with lower acidity and higher total soluble solids, were harvested in DI at 80% E cp compared with BI. The significant variation of soil water content at 0–0.2 m depth under DI indicated the confinement of effective root zone of the plants in top 0.2 m soil. The maximum rate of net-photosynthesis, stomatal conductance and transpiration in leafs was recorded in DI at 100% E cp. However, the plants under DI at 80% E cp exhibited the highest leaf water use efficiency. The maximum salinity build-up with highest decrease in pH was observed in 0–0.2 m soil under DI, whereas the salinity development was prominent in 0.4–0.6 m soil with an increase in pH under BI. The gain in available macronutrients (N, P and K) and loss of micronutrients (Fe, Mn, Cu and Zn) in soil followed the similar trend of EC. The leaf nutrient (N, P, K, Fe, Mn, Cu and Zn) analysis revealed that DI produced significantly (P < 0.05) higher concentration of macronutrients in leafs than that with basin-irrigated plants. However, the effect of irrigation on micronutrients in leafs was statistically insignificant. Overall, these results reveal that the application of optimum quantity of water through DI (80% E cp) could impose desirable water stress on 'Nagpur' mandarin plants, improving their yield and fruit quality, without producing the higher vegetative growth.