Fruit Science Research Papers - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Raspberrie is a herbaceous plant of low growth of family-ce rose (Rosaceae). Rodi immediately after planting, and reaches full yield in the third year. Rodi dish-nom or more times a year, lived an average of 8-14 years, and can achieve up... more

Raspberrie is a herbaceous plant of low growth of family-ce rose (Rosaceae). Rodi immediately after planting, and reaches full yield in the third year. Rodi dish-nom or more times a year, lived an average of 8-14 years, and can achieve up to age 20 years. It grows in the form of a bush height and up to 3.5 m. Idaeus name derives from the name of the mountain Ida in Crete. The Romans spread raspberry by Eu-rope. In the Middle Ages, the raspberry starts co-ristiti for medicinal purposes and as a color, but only rich people are able to use it. In North America before the Europeans arrived, In-Dijance have long been used raspberries. In the 18th century, spreading raspberry, because not only the rich could buy seedlings. To date, around 195 species of raspberry, among which the most important are: • The European raspberries (Rubus idaeus L. idaeobatus) • Red raspberry (Rubus idaeus strigosus Michx.-Michx.) • Black raspberries (Rubus occidentalis L. idaeus) in the world annually produces 371,355 tons of raspberries, which is far too little for the folk-chicks. The fruit of raspberries is ranked 24th in the world. Breeding Objectives raspberry breeding raspberries are creating better varieties whose plants are moderately rich, vital, whose fruits ripen in summer and autumn, and the quality of fruit they are very good for desktop use, death-for inspiration and various forms of processing. Environmental conditions temperature Winter raspberries begins very early, even for warm days of autumn or the deep winter vacation can not be complete without the low temperatures (around-7 ° C and below). Shoots frozen at-18 ° C to-26 ° C, the root system at a temperature from-12 C to-14 ° C. Spring frosts and almost no damage because of raspberries late blooms. Water If the country is not sufficiently moist reduced crop, the fruit is wrinkled and withered on the cane, a root system grows poorly and gives a small number of under-developed shoots. Best results are obtained in the mountainous areas where the rainfall is 700-900 mm.

A new and distinct June-bearing strawberry cultivar named ‘Saint-Jean d’Orléans’ is primarily adapted to the growing conditions of Eastern Central Canada. Its high yield of medium sized, ?rm, light-red glossy fruits, resistance to... more

A new and distinct June-bearing strawberry cultivar named
‘Saint-Jean d’Orléans’ is primarily adapted to the growing
conditions of Eastern Central Canada. Its high yield of
medium sized, ?rm, light-red glossy fruits, resistance to leaf
diseases, long shelf life and high levels of given antioxidants
essentially characterize ‘Saint-Jean d’Orléans’.

(1) Background: Since early yield prediction is relevant for resource requirements of harvesting and marketing in the whole fruit industry, this paper presents a new approach of using image analysis and tree canopy features to predict... more

(1) Background: Since early yield prediction is relevant for resource requirements of harvesting and marketing in the whole fruit industry, this paper presents a new approach of using image analysis and tree canopy features to predict early yield with artificial neural networks (ANN); (2) Methods: Two back propagation neural network (BPNN) models were developed for the early period after natural fruit drop in June and the ripening period, respectively. Within the same periods, images of apple cv. " Gala " trees were captured from an orchard near Bonn, Germany. Two sample sets were developed to train and test models; each set included 150 samples from the 2009 and 2010 growing season. For each sample (each canopy image), pixels were segmented into fruit, foliage, and background using image segmentation. The four features extracted from the data set for the canopy were: total cross-sectional area of fruits, fruit number, total cross-section area of small fruits, and cross-sectional area of foliage, and were used as inputs. With the actual weighted yield per tree as a target, BPNN was employed to learn their mutual relationship as a prerequisite to develop the prediction; (3) Results: For the developed BPNN model of the early period after June drop, correlation coefficients (R 2) between the estimated and the actual weighted yield, mean forecast error (MFE), mean absolute percentage error (MAPE), and root mean square error (RMSE) were 0.81, −0.05, 10.7%, 2.34 kg/tree, respectively. For the model of the ripening period, these measures were 0.83, −0.03, 8.9%, 2.3 kg/tree, respectively. In 2011, the two previously developed models were used to predict apple yield. The RMSE and R 2 values between the estimated and harvested apple yield were 2.6 kg/tree and 0.62 for the early period (small, green fruit) and improved near harvest (red, large fruit) to 2.5 kg/tree and 0.75 for a tree with ca. 18 kg yield per tree. For further method verification, the cv. " Pinova " apple trees were used as another variety in 2012 to develop the BPNN prediction model for the early period after June drop. The model was used in 2013, which gave similar results as those found with cv. " Gala " ; (4) Conclusion: Overall, the results showed in this research that the proposed estimation models performed accurately using canopy and fruit features using image analysis algorithms.

Mandarins are highly preferred fruit crop in India where maximum genetic diversity is seen in Northeast part of the country. The present investigation was conducted during the year 2018-21 by collecting mandarin genotypes from different... more

Mandarins are highly preferred fruit crop in India where maximum genetic diversity is seen in Northeast part of the country. The present investigation was conducted during the year 2018-21 by collecting mandarin genotypes from different parts of Northeast India

Being the third important stone fruit crops of India, apricot still requires a great improvisation in production point of view. Bio-regulators are being used by the growers to increase the yield by improving the yield attribute... more

Being the third important stone fruit crops of India, apricot still requires a great improvisation in production point of view. Bio-regulators are being used by the growers to increase the yield by improving the yield attribute parameters. Keeping the objective to increase the yield, in the recent studies; twenty six-year-old apricot cv. New Castle trees were subjected to 11 treatments viz. Forchlorfenuron (CPPU) at 5 and 10 ppm and N-acetyl thiazolidine 4-carboxylic acid (NATCA) at 50 and 100 ppm and their combinations were applied at pink bud and petal fall stage during the year 2015 and 2016. Out of the two time of spray the petal fall stage was found to be superior in both the years. Foliar spray of CPPU at 10 ppm increased the vegetative character like tree height (17.40 %), tree spread (22.17 %), tree volume (27.82 %) over control. However an increase the fruit set (52.71%) and fruit retention (38.12%) was noticed by NATCA (100 ppm) at petal fall stage. Keeping all the observa...

Sustainable agricultural practices like agroforestry systems are being advocated to overcome various problems of farming. A young malta (Citrus sinensis) orchard (3 years old) was transformed into a fruit tree-based agroforestry system in... more

Sustainable agricultural practices like agroforestry systems are being advocated to overcome various problems of farming. A young malta (Citrus sinensis) orchard (3 years old) was transformed into a fruit tree-based agroforestry system in which the performances of summer (okra and Indian spinach) and autumn (mungbean and kangkong) crops and year-round spices (ginger and turmeric) were evaluated following randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replication each and eventually compared between agroforestry systems and respective sole cropping (control) from March 2018 to February 2019 at BSMRAU field. The experimental results revealed that the yields of the associated crops deprived when grown at the closest row position from the bed of malta tree and spices. Yields of okra, Indian spinach, mungbean, kangkong, turmeric and ginger were reduced by 7.57, 6.52, 14.86, 13.26, 9.70 and 16.23%, respectively under agroforestry system as compared to control. However, malta yield was increased by 5.35% in agroforestry system than control trees. The findings also indicated that the crops in agroforestry system was less hindered by the shade effect of malta trees due to less dense canopy of young malta trees. In comparison to sole cropping system, the higher benefit-cost ratio (BCR) (2.93) and land equivalent ratio (LER) (2.83) were obtained in the studied agroforestry system that explicated higher system productivity and land uses. Notable improvement of total nitrogen and organic matter were obtained in the soil under agroforestry system. Therefore, malta-based agroforestry system can be a promising alternative to provide higher economic benefits, boosting food and nutritional security, improving soil nutrient status and utilization of land.

Biofortification is convenient, cost effective and sustainable way to incorporate micronutrients into a crop plants. This will help to people to maintain the nutritional status and gain the diverse diet. Biofortification help in fighting... more

Biofortification is convenient, cost effective and sustainable way to incorporate micronutrients into a crop plants. This will help to people to maintain the nutritional status and gain the diverse diet. Biofortification help in fighting against micronutrient deficiency in developing countries, where diets are dominated by staple food crops. Also, apart from this Biofortified varieties are rich in Vitamin A, Iron and Zinc concentrates that can have a measurable impact on nutritional security. Currently, Biofortified varieties will be the immunity booster for the people to fight against covid-19 pandemic.

To study the effect of graded levels of nitrogrn and VAM inoculation on growth and yield of calendula, a field experiment was conducted with four levels of nitrogen (0, 50, 75 and 100 kg/ha) and three levels of VAM (0, 3 and 5 g/plant) in... more

To study the effect of graded levels of nitrogrn and VAM inoculation on growth and yield of calendula, a field experiment was conducted with four levels of nitrogen (0, 50, 75 and 100 kg/ha) and three levels of VAM (0, 3 and 5 g/plant) in a factorial RBD. Results revealed that the higher level of nitrogen (100kg/ha) or VAM (5g/plant) caused significant influence in increasing most of the growth, flowering and yield parameters studied. Interaction of higher levels of nitrogen and VAM (100kg N + 5gVAM/plant) increased width of leaf, flower diameter and number of branches and flowers/plant.

In developing countries, food losses occur mainly during the production, harvest, postharvest and processing phases. Because of the lack of awareness in the apple postharvest practices in Lebanon, this study was carried out to check the... more

In developing countries, food losses occur mainly during the production, harvest, postharvest and processing phases. Because of the lack of awareness in the apple postharvest practices in Lebanon, this study was carried out to check the effect of good harvesting and handling practices, pre-storage sorting, and dipping in calcium and fungicide, on the percent losses of Golden Delicious apples during six months of cold storage. A highly significant reduction in the percent of total damages was observed during storage when good harvesting and handling practices and pre-storage sorting were applied. The magnitude of losses reduction depended on the type of damage registered and the practices performed. The presence of injuries was reduced by all types of good practices, applied alone or in combination. Where good harvesting and handling practices were performed, the incidence of bruising was reduced from 93.3% in the non-treated control to 37.7% and symptoms of rot were not detected. This study emphasized the importance of good harvest and postharvest practices in improving and maintaining the quality of Lebanese apples.

Since 2007, an orchard of old fruit varieties has been developed at the village of Kojsko in the Goriška Brda region, designed by Gregor Božič, a young film director. It is conceived as a genetic bank, which enables preservation and... more

Since 2007, an orchard of old fruit varieties has been developed at the village of Kojsko in the Goriška Brda region, designed by Gregor Božič, a young film director. It is conceived as a genetic bank, which enables preservation and dissemination of indigenous fruit varieties. It currently comprises about a hundred and fifty standard-size trees of various ages (from seventy to three years) and over a hundred varieties of cherries, apricots, figs, peaches, plums, pears and apples. Deliberately selected old varieties that are fairly resistant to diseases and have commercially interesting characteristics have been planted. The orchard, where all the trees have identifying labels, has been developed with the encouragement of two international projects: with the financial support of the Swiss contribution to the enlarged European Union and the European Agricultural Fund for Rural Development. The results of the project are two publications: the brochure Stare sadne sorte na Goriškem (Old fruit varieties in the Goriško region, in two parts) and the illustrated book Sadje sonca: bogastvo starih briških sadnih sort (The Fruits of the Sun: the Wealth of Old Fruit Varieties in Goriška Brda).

Published in : 'HortFlora Res. Spectrum' Vol 1(2): 2012

The social brain hypothesis posits that social complexity is the primary driver of primate cognitive complexity, and that social pressures ultimately led to the evolution of the large human brain. Although this idea has been supported by... more

The social brain hypothesis posits that social complexity is the primary driver of primate cognitive complexity, and that social pressures ultimately led to the evolution of the large human brain. Although this idea has been supported by studies indicating positive relationships between relative brain and/or neocortex size and group size, reported effects of different social and mating systems are highly conflicting. Here, we use a much larger sample of primates, more recent phylogenies, and updated statistical techniques, to show that brain size is predicted by diet, rather than multiple measures of sociality, after controlling for body size and phylogeny. Specifically, frugivores exhibit larger brains than folivores. Our results call into question the current emphasis on social rather than ecological explanations for the evolution of large brains in primates and evoke a range of ecological and developmental hypotheses centred on frugivory, including spatial information storage, extractive foraging and overcoming metabolic constraints.

Scarlet/red firethorn, Pyracantha coccinea M. Roem., is a common ornamental shrub, commonly cultivated nowadays in Romania and many other countries, in gardens or hedges. The tree has small white flowers and it produces small bright... more

Scarlet/red firethorn, Pyracantha coccinea M. Roem., is a common ornamental shrub, commonly cultivated nowadays in Romania and many other countries, in gardens or hedges. The tree has small white flowers and it produces small bright colored berries. The fruit is bitter and astringent, making it inedible when raw. The fruit can be cooked to make jellies, jams, sauces and marmalade. In this study, the Pyracantha coccinea M. Roem fruits from three common cultivars named "Orange Glow", "Red Column" and "Soleil d'Or", were collected from different individuals in Constanta city, Romania. Both frozen and dried (80°C) fruits were analyzed for the active principles content such as, carotenoids, flavonoids and total phenolic compounds correlated with antioxidant activity. Carotenoids were determined by acetone extraction and UV-Vis spectrophotometry, flavonoids, by methanol extraction and UV-Vis spectrophotometry and total phenolic, by methanol extraction, Folin-Ciocalteu reaction and UV-Vis spectrophotometry. The total antioxidant capacity was quantified through photochemiluminescence method by comparison with the standard substance used for calibration, Trolox® as tocopherol analogue (ACL procedure) using Photochem apparatus, Analytik Jena AG, Germany. The average carotenoid content in fresh frozen fruits ranged between 278-545 mg/kg (dry weight equivalent), while in dry material 133-203 mg/kg. Total flavonoids averaged 1415-4953 mg/kg in fresh fruits, increasing after heat-drying to 2981-5759 mg/kg. Fresh fruits contained a total amount of phenolic compounds of 11501-21107 mg/kg DW gallic acid equivalent, while dry fruits averaged 5749-8261 mg/kg GAE. Pyracantha coccinea M. Roem. fruits emphasized an increased antioxidant activity correlated with a high content of potentially bioactive compounds, especially of phenolic compounds, both in frozen and heat-dried state. "Red Column" and "Orange Glow" are the most promising varieties of the three cultivars, for potential pharmaceutical applications.

This PPT document explains in a comprehensive way, how to cultivate Table Grapes. Preparation of demonstration blocks, nurseries, arrangement of training workshops and handing over the mother plants to the local farmers of the selected... more

This PPT document explains in a comprehensive way, how to cultivate Table Grapes. Preparation of demonstration blocks, nurseries, arrangement of training workshops and handing over the mother plants to the local farmers of the selected agencies of Bajaur, Kurram, Orakzai and FR Region of Bannu will be done according to the standard protocols. Keeping in mind the arrangement of the seven pillars of Vision 2025 new opportunities could be created via viticulture development. Horticulture is a fast growing sector with rising exports and increasing demand in domestic and international markets. Pakistani fruits, both fresh and dry, have great potential for exports. So, the present project will also contribute in the vision of 2025 (One nation One vision) not only to help in the development of FATA but also in the development of adjacent region. It will give rise to development of industries related to Grapevines products like raisins, juices, jams etc. that will be source of new jobs and development in the region. For the alleviation of poverty by enhancing the socioeconomic status of FATA people through viticulture development, we will further extend our work via developing a new project to extend our work to the remaining agencies like Khyber, Mohmand and Waziristan etc. The selected potential and successful varieties of grapes will be introduced for nurseries development and handing over to farmers of the FATA region in future as mother plants.

The present investigation was conducted in the litchi orchard of the Farm Area of R.M.D., College of Ambikapur in the year 2007 to 2009 to assess the effect of micro nutrients and growth regulators on fruiting in Litchi cv. Ambika Li tchi... more

The present investigation was conducted in the litchi orchard of the Farm Area of R.M.D., College of Ambikapur in the year 2007 to 2009 to assess the effect of micro nutrients and growth regulators on fruiting in Litchi cv. Ambika Li tchi -1. The application of borax 0.4 per cent resulted in maximum fruit set (41.20%), fruit retention (22.60%), size of fruit (4.10 cm × 3.10 cm), number of fruits per tree (4625), weight of individual fruit (21.05 g) and fruit yield (92.85 kg/tree). GA3 10 ppm also was found effective treatment to increase fruit set, fruit retention and size of fruit. GA3 20 ppm produce maximum number of fruit/tree and yield. Interaction between borax 0.4 per cent and GA3 20 ppm exhibited in maximum retention of fruit and fruit yield. Maximum
fruit cracking of 13 per cent was ob served in borax 0.4 per cent..

The present study was carried out to investigate the effects of pre-harvest aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG, 250 mgL −1) and zinc (0.3% ZnSO 4) treatments on pre-harvest fruit drops, internal ethylene concentration (IEC), fruit weight, color... more

The present study was carried out to investigate the effects of pre-harvest aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG, 250 mgL −1) and zinc (0.3% ZnSO 4) treatments on pre-harvest fruit drops, internal ethylene concentration (IEC), fruit weight, color characteristics, fruit firmness, soluble solids content (SSC), titratable acidity-like quality attributes and antioxidant activity, total phenolics, micro and macro elements of Jersey Mac apples (Malus x domestica). Compared to control treatment, except for 22 July, pre-harvest drops were significantly reduced with all treatments in all measurement times. Zn + AVG treatment was found to be more effective in reducing pre-harvest fruit drops. IEC decreased with AVG, Zn and Zn + AVG treatments. Single AVG treatment was more effective on IEC decreases. While flesh softening was retarded with AVG treatments, Zn treatments stimulated flesh softening. Fruit weights increased with Zn treatments, but decreased with AVG and Zn + AVG treatments. Red color development was retarded with both AVG and Zn + AVG treatments, but stimulated with Zn treatment. SSC significantly decreased in the last measurement date (12 August) with AVG treatment. Compared to control fruits, AVG and Zn + AVG-treated fruits had higher titratable acidity, total phenolics and total antioxidant capacity, but Zn-treated fruits had lower values. All micro element and nitrogen and phosphorus-like macro element contents of single Zn and AVG or Zn + AVG-treated fruits were higher than the control fruits. It was concluded that beside AVG, Zn could also play an active role in retarding pre-harvest fruit drops.

A survey was conducted in the niche areas of muskmelon and found that hybrids Bobby and Muskan were suitable for long distant transportation. 30 fruits each of Bobby and Muskan hybrids were obtained from farmer’s field to carry out this... more

A survey was conducted in the niche areas of muskmelon and found that hybrids Bobby
and Muskan were suitable for long distant transportation. 30 fruits each of Bobby and
Muskan hybrids were obtained from farmer’s field to carry out this experiment in the
Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Kapurthala laboratory during the months of May-June, 2017. This
experiment was carried out for 5 days keeping in view the maximum and after a gap of 24
hr, two muskmelon fruits each from all three treatments were weighed, cut and measured
for different parameters daily for consecutive 5 days. The data revealed that fruit weight of
Muskan on 3rd day (0.949 g) was at par with initial harvest weight of Bobby (0.933 g)
revealing that initial weight of fruit had its impact else ripening agent had no impact on
variation in fruit weight. TSS of Muskan on 3rd day (12.217 oBrix) was at par with Bobby
on 1st day (12.4317 oBrix), although on 5th day in Muskan, the TSS was significantly
higher than Bobby on 1st day, thus, genetic makeup of hybrid plays major role in
increasing TSS than ripening agents. pH in case of Bobby increased by 18.4 per cent and
14.8 per cent for Muskan with the passage of time. The pH value was maximum for both
the hybrids with calcium carbide, at par with Ethephone and statistically higher than
control in both the hybrids. In fruit diameter decrease was gradual with the duration but its
impact was more on Muskan than Bobby, which might be due to initial higher fruit
diameter of the fruit. It can be concluded that muskmelon fruits can be ripened naturally at
room temperature during the months of May-June as the day temperature exists between
40 to 45o C and there is no need to make use of any ripening agent while transporting the
fruit to the distant markets.

The social brain hypothesis posits that social complexity is the primary driver of primate cognitive complexity, and that social pressures ultimately led to the evolution of the large human brain. Although this idea has been supported by... more

The social brain hypothesis posits that social complexity is the primary driver of primate cognitive complexity, and that social pressures ultimately led to the evolution of the large human brain. Although this idea has been supported by studies indicating positive relationships between relative brain and/or neocortex size and group size, reported effects of different social and mating systems are highly conflicting. Here, we use a much larger sample of primates, more recent phylogenies, and updated statistical techniques, to show that brain size is predicted by diet, rather than multiple measures of sociality, after controlling for body size and phylogeny. Specifically, frugivores exhibit larger brains than folivores. Our results call into question the current emphasis on social rather than ecological explanations for the evolution of large brains in primates and evoke a range of ecological and developmental hypotheses centred on frugivory, including spatial information storage, ex...

Fruitbomen zijn in veel Nederlandse dorpen en steden in de openbare ruimte te vinden. Soms door behoud van een vroegere productieboomgaard, maar ook als bewuste keuze bij de groeninrichting van een wijk. En meer recent worden op... more

Fruitbomen zijn in veel Nederlandse dorpen en steden in de openbare ruimte te vinden. Soms door behoud van een vroegere productieboomgaard, maar ook als bewuste keuze bij de groeninrichting van een wijk. En meer recent worden op initiatief van dorps- of buurtbewoners boomgaarden aangeplant die door henzelf worden beheerd. Maar is er ook een duidelijke visie op een duurzaam beheer en gebruik van deze fruitbomen? Het is de hoogste tijd om de goede ervaringen op een rijtje te zetten en tot uitwisseling van kennis te komen.

Avoiding mechanical damage and controlling time-temperature relationships are key factors for satisfactorily handling and storing olives during the period from harvesting to milling. A ten-point list of handling and storage practices is... more

Avoiding mechanical damage and controlling time-temperature relationships are key factors for satisfactorily handling and storing olives during the period from harvesting to milling. A ten-point list of handling and storage practices is proposed as well as a semi-log diagram for the choice of suitable time-temperature relationship. The criteria for optimizing the harvesting-milling link are discussed.

Grape (Vitis vinifera L.) is largely processed for wine beside it is used for fresh consumption, for making raisins, juice, and grape oil. The existence of grapes in India dates back about 4000 years ago as per the historical evidences.... more

Grape (Vitis vinifera L.) is largely processed for wine beside it is used for fresh consumption, for making raisins, juice, and grape oil. The existence of grapes in India dates back about 4000 years ago as per the historical evidences. Grape cultivation on a commercial basis is about seven decades old in India and now considered as most remunerative amongst all fruit cultivation in the country. Indian Viticulture is unique as it is being practised in almost all climatic conditions from tropical to temperate and spread over different states of the country. During the 1930s a large number of exotic grape varieties were introduced to the country. Since then various Indian research institutes were involved in the varietal improvement. Besides Indian grape growers also contributed significantly to the varietal improvement by identifying various clones especially from Thompson Seedless and Kishmish Chernyi. A brief account of indigenous grape varieties prevailing in the country is presented here.

With a view to harvest superior quality lemon fruits, the experiment was carried out to study the impact of integrated use of inorganic fertilizer (N), organic manure (FYM) and biofertilizer (Azotobacter) on lemon cv. ‘Baramasi’ during... more

With a view to harvest superior quality lemon fruits, the experiment was carried out to study the impact of integrated use of inorganic fertilizer (N), organic manure (FYM) and biofertilizer (Azotobacter) on lemon cv. ‘Baramasi’ during 2009. The plant material was selected from Punjab Government Progeny Orchard & Nursery, Attari, Amritsar. There were nine nutrient management practices set in a Randomized Block Design replicated thrice. The present experiment showed that the substantial improvement in fruit quality could be achieved with the consortium of three classes of nutrient sources. FYM (75 Kg/tree), inorganic nitrogen (350g/tree) along with biofertilization (Azotobacter 18g/tree) proved to be the most judicious treatment in minimizing fruit cracking and maximizing fruit quality.

An investigation was carried out to standardize the effect of pulsing concentration on vase life of gladiolus (Gladiolus grandiflorus L.) cv. White prosperity during the year 2017- 2018. Spikes were harvested at early in the morning... more

An investigation was carried out to standardize the effect of pulsing concentration on vase
life of gladiolus (Gladiolus grandiflorus L.) cv. White prosperity during the year 2017-
2018. Spikes were harvested at early in the morning having 1-2 florets showed colour from
the main experiment field. The maximum 10.33 days vase-life of flower was found with
continuous opening of florets, increase in spike length, absorption of vase solution, first
increase thereafter decreased, and moderate florets drooping could be observed, when
gladiolus spikes were pulsed in to 20% pulsing solution for 24 hours.

The observations on flowering behavior and fruit set of the various pollinizer cultivars were compared with main cultivar ‘Red Delicious’. Among the various pollinizers and main cultivar ‘Red Delicious’, the flower bud initiation in the... more

The observations on flowering behavior and fruit set of the various pollinizer cultivars were compared with main
cultivar ‘Red Delicious’. Among the various pollinizers and main cultivar ‘Red Delicious’, the flower bud initiation in
the year 2002 and 2003 were started the earliest on 22nd March ( Manchurian) and 21st March (Snowdrift),
respectively and subsequent flowering remain continued till 19th April (Red Gold ) in 2002 and 21st April (Red
Delicious) in 2003. The mean bloom density varied from 39.32% (Golden Spur) to 82.35% (Snowdrift) in 2002 to
35.41% (Ty. Early Worcester) to 84.34 %( Snowdrift) in 2003. The time of peak anthesis and anther dehiscence were
observed at 11:00 hours and 14:00 hours of a day, respectively. Under all pollination methods, the crabs (Manchurian,
Snowdrift and Golden Hornet) and commercial pollinizer Summer Queen exhibited excellent fruit set to ‘Red Delicious’.
Among methods of pollination, the bouquet placement proved to be most effective in improving the fruit set to the
main cultivar ‘Red Delicious’. Therefore, all the crabs as well as commercial pollinizer Summer Queen can be
recommended for apple cv. Red Delicious as a pollinizer in improving the fruit set and subsequent yield.

The present investigation was carried out at Horticulture Research Centre, Patharchatta, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar to observe the effect of different high density planting on yield and quality of guava... more

The present investigation was carried out at Horticulture Research Centre, Patharchatta, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar to observe the effect of different high density planting on yield and quality of guava during the years 2012-13 and 2013-14. Treatments were consisted of four plants spacing i.e., 1.0 × 1.0 m, 2.0 × 1.0 m, 2.0 × 1.5 m and 1.5 × 1.5 m replicated six times in randomized block design. Findings revealed that plant spacing 2.0 x 1.5 m gave significantly maximum TSS, total sugars, reducing sugar, non-reducing sugar and mean fruit weight, whereas, lesser plant spacing (1.0 × 1.0 m) resulted significantly lower mean fruit weight. Significantly higher yield per plant was obtained in plant spaced at 2.0 × 1.5 m. The significantly higher yield per hectare was obtained with plant spacing of 1.0 X 1.0 m during both the years.

Mass identification of mango fruits from their dimension attributes remains challenging. This is because of the unregulated shapes of these fruits. Therefore, this research aims at creating mathematical models that can demonstrate the... more

Mass identification of mango fruits from their dimension attributes remains challenging. This is because of the unregulated shapes of these fruits. Therefore, this research aims at creating mathematical models that can demonstrate the relationship between the fruit's mass and dimension attributes. Hence, these models can be used in post-harvest engineering systems. The researchers used 100 mango fruits (Mangifera indica cv. Zebdia) to determine the mathematical relationship between the fruits' weight and dimension attributes. The researcher measured and photographed the dimensions of these fruits and processed the image captured for each fruit using a computer program to find the fruit's dimensions. The results obtained led to the development of six mathematical models to predict a fruit's mass from the dimensions. Given these results, the mathematical model based on the fruit's length shows the best performance in the mass prediction (Pearson's r=0.87). One can infer that a fruit's mass could be obtained from its dimensions. This conclusion is not generalizable to other mango cultivars. Thus, the researcher recommends conducting further studies of other cultivars to develop a unified mathematical model. This will be helpful in developing modern post-harvest engineering systems.

Our Strawberry is a very comprehensive illustrated book of strawberry varieties. It describes over 170 strawberry varieties using information collected during 1989-2004 from the Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada experimental growing... more

Our Strawberry is a very comprehensive illustrated book of
strawberry varieties. It describes over 170 strawberry
varieties using information collected during 1989-2004 from
the Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada experimental growing
sites in L’Acadie (Quebec); it also includes some
information gathered from the published scientific literature
for comparison with those collected locally. The book is a
valuable reference for strawberry breeders, scientists
interested in strawberry culture, extensionists, growers, and
home gardeners. The information on winter hardiness,
disease resistant, and ripening dates is invaluable for those
who live in colder climates with shorter growing seasons and
similar diseases to our climate. The presence of numerous
images throughout the book and the detailed description of
all the cultivars along with morphological characteristics
may help in identification of some unknown cultivars. There
are also symbols that can help the reader determine quickly
the origin and some important traits, such as season ripening,
disease resistance and/or end use, of described strawberry
cultivars, and it may help to select cultivars for specific uses.
Information on over 1000 strawberry cultivars can be
obtained from UniBase® (A universal database to view
images and trace pedigree and characteristics of horticultural
or agronomic crops, pests, insects, animals, birds, chemical
product, etc.) Additional information on this database is also
available at http://www.unibase.ca

A field experiment was carried out during 2013 and 2014 seasons on 13 years old Manfalouty pomegranate trees grown in sandy soil under drip irrigation system from well at El-Maghara Experimental Station, Desert Research Center, North... more

A field experiment was carried out during 2013 and 2014 seasons on 13 years old Manfalouty pomegranate trees grown in sandy soil under drip irrigation system from well at El-Maghara Experimental Station, Desert Research Center, North Sinai Governorate, Egypt. The main objective of this work is to study the effect of four rates of ammonium nitrate fertilizer (600, 900, 1200 and 1500 g/tree) and three concentrations of calcium chloride spray at (0, 1 and 2%) on vegetative growth parameters, yield and fruit quality (especially fruit cracking and sunburn damage) of Manfalouty pomegranate trees. Obtained results showed that ammonium nitrate fertilizer and/or calcium chloride alone or in combination enhanced vegetative growth parameters, yield, fruit quality traits and reducing fruit cracking and sunburn damage through increasing vegetative development and thereby improve protection of the fruits from direct sunlight and the role of Ca in controlling physiological disorders of fruit.

Twenty-four sapota cultivars were evaluated for morphological characterization at KRC,college of Horticulture, Arabhavi. Based on overall observation of morphological characters of these sapota cultivars (10-11 years... more

Twenty-four sapota cultivars were evaluated for morphological characterization at KRC,college of Horticulture, Arabhavi. Based on overall observation of morphological characters of these sapota cultivars (10-11 years old),Cricket Ball (ARSA-Agricultural Research Station Arabhavi), Guthi, Virudhanagar and Mohangootee were found tall and vigorously growing and the cultivars Singapore, and Murabba were found less vigorous. With respect to reproductive, yield and quality parameters, cultivars CO-1, DHS-1, DHS-2, CO-2, Gavarayya, Cricket Ball (ARSA), PKM-1, PKM-2 and Kalipatti were found to be best.

‘Jeanne d’Orle´ans’ is a new late-season, floricane-fruiting red raspberry cultivar (Rubus idaeus L.) released by Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Horticulture Research and Development Center. Results from replicated trials in L’Acadie... more

‘Jeanne d’Orle´ans’ is a new late-season, floricane-fruiting red raspberry cultivar (Rubus idaeus L.) released by Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Horticulture Research and Development Center. Results from replicated trials in L’Acadie show ‘Jeanne d’Orle´ans’ has larger and firmer fruits (Fig. 1) that have an excellent shelf life and higher soluble solids compared with the commercial cultivars in this study. ‘Jeanne d’Orle´ans’ also has higher antioxidants than commercially grown raspberries in Quebec (Ehsani- Moghaddam and Sullivan, 2008; Khanizadeh
et al., 2009).
The selection was named after Mrs. Jeanne Delisle, a pioneer of small fruit cultivation and development with Les Fraises de l’lˆle d’Orle´ans Inc. lˆle d’Orle´ans is an island located 20 km east of Quebec City known for the production of high-quality small fruits, including red raspberry. Its economy is based mainly on agricultural production, particularly vegetable crops and small fruit crops. This island is also known as the capital of strawberry production in Quebec and is recognized for its production of high-quality fruits.

This study aims to investigate the physical, chemical, rheological and sensorial properties of six common mango (Mangifera indica) cultivars in Egypt. These common cultivars were Alfonse, Sedeka, Awis, Sinara, Sukari and Zibdia. Weights... more

This study aims to investigate the physical, chemical, rheological and sensorial properties of six common mango (Mangifera indica) cultivars in Egypt. These common cultivars were Alfonse, Sedeka, Awis, Sinara, Sukari and Zibdia. Weights of mango fruits ranged between 246.6 and 549.2 g. The highest significant value of sphericity was in Alfonse fruits (0.82), whereas the lowest value was 0.58 in Sinara fruits. The highest firmness value was 29.51 N in Sedeka fruits. The highest elasticity was 1.16 N/mm for Sukari fruits. The significantly color intensity chroma was recorded by Sinara, whereas the highest total color index (DE) was 88.41 for Sedeka mango cultivar. The significantly lowest pH value was 3.6 for Sinara mango fruits. Awis mango fruits had the significantly highest TSS value (23.67 °brix) whereas Sinara fruits had the lowest TSS value (11.33 °brix). Rhe-ological properties of Sinara, Zibdia and Sedeka mango pulps are characterized by high values of consistency coeffecient 126.5–156.6 dyne s n /cm 2. Sesonsorially, the significantly sweetest fruits were Sinara, Alfones and Awis whereas the lowest one was Zibdia. There is no bitter taste with all tested mango cultivars either with taste or after taste criteria.

Naturally grown fruits are the nutritional powerhouses in our daily diet which makes our health better. The local fruits are accessible, cheap and reliable without any contamination. These fruits fulfill nutritional deficiency without... more

Naturally grown fruits are the nutritional powerhouses in our daily diet which makes our health better. The local fruits are accessible, cheap and reliable without any contamination. These fruits fulfill nutritional deficiency without making person obese and protect us from many chronic diseases include cancer, heart attacks and diabetes. The nutrition taken from fruits makes our immune system (internal army) strong thus complementing protection against viral, bacterial and fungal pathogens. The present study was conducted to evaluate the nutritional composition of some selected fruits Pyrus malus (apple), Psidium guajava (guava), Musa paradisiaca (banana), Citrus maxima (pomelo) available in local markets of Sargodha, Pakistan. Result showed that the highest amount of moisture (86.16±0.91%) and crude fat (3.92±0.14%) was noted in apple while the highest amount of mineral matter (7.11±0.93%), carbohydrates (15.64±0.31%) and dry matter (23.68±1.02%) was observed in banana. Maximum crude fiber (1.82±0.14%) and crude protein (0.56±1.57%) was observed in pomelo and guava respectively. Fluctuation in nutritional composition of fruits was may attributed to varietal (genetic makeup) as well as agro-climatic conditions of the fruit harvest. There is further study recommended to investigate the impact of different climates and fertilizers on nutritional values of cultivated fruit varieties.

Hazel is a Mediterranean culture and extremely heliofitna plant. It is very unusual fruit because, unlike other species that bloom in spring, it blooms in winter, and so from December to March. The root of it grows and ra-curl is very... more

Hazel is a Mediterranean culture and extremely heliofitna plant. It is very unusual fruit because, unlike other species that bloom in spring, it blooms in winter, and so from December to March. The root of it grows and ra-curl is very shallow, in a layer of about 30 cm. The fringes are male flowers and female are barely visible and have extremely red dye. Wild species of hazel quite good growth in the continental part of the country, mainly in meadows and forest edges, the bad and poor soils. Lifetime hazel is from 70 to 100 years, and the fruit yields of 50 to 70 years. Begins to emerge in the third or fourth year, and in full rod comes with seven or eight years. The full branch, a tree gives 8 to 12 kg, and the PLO that about 50% of their shell. Depending on the form of breeding, planting density, weather, age and other agro-technical factors, yields range from 2.2 to 3.6 t / ha. Origin hazelnut Hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.), also known as the European hazelnut, very old species of fruit trees. Remains of pollen of the plant on the basis of when they are estimated to have existed from 8000 to 5500 years BC. In relation to the participation of other plants in the remains found, pollen cadaver-olds participated with about 75%. It is spread almost all over the world, but only as a tree. For industrial purposes is grown only in four major areas that are near and under the influence-tea large water surface rail. This area is characterized by mild winters and cool summers. The economic importance of hazelnuts is multifaceted. First of all hazelnut was a logical high valuable namir-nica. Price is the presence of a significant percentage of the ingredients is very important for the human body. It is among the most important energy supplies. The hazelnut kernels should have more oil from 52 to 77%. After Gavrilovic of 55-65%, 64.33% Peker (Turkey). Hazelnut oil has an acid number from 0.83 to 0.89, an iodine number of 89.3 to 94.4 and saponification number of 179-180. The high technological value hazelnut oil is the reason why it is very appreciated in the Finnish and para-pharmaceutical industry. The core of the hazelnut is rich in protein, from 16.02 to 21.37%. According to Lebedev (former Soviet Union) their varieties have 12-18% protein. Gavrilovic said for some varieties grown in Hazel stage of maturity.