Duty Research Papers - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

- by Michael Curran
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- Amusement, Enlightenment, Wisdom, Pleasure

Privilege and confidentiality are central to the physician–patient relationship. These concepts are protected by law in almost all jurisdictions (1,2). Breaches of confidentiality have long been considered unethical and, in many situations, actionable. In this regard, physicians have been governed by their standards of practice, by the regulations of their professional colleges, and in many jurisdictions, by legislation.

- by Graham Glancy
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- Business, Medicine, Canadian Psychiatry, Duty

Sokolov I.A. Russian "the Tea Fairy tale": the beginning, until the end of the XIX century // Coffee & tea in Russia: the business magazine, No. 3 (105), 2013 – PP. 20 – 23. Соколов И.А. Российская чайная сказка: от истоков до конца XIX... more

Sokolov I.A. Russian "the Tea Fairy tale": the beginning, until the end of the XIX century // Coffee & tea in Russia: the business magazine, No. 3 (105), 2013 – PP. 20 – 23.
Соколов И.А. Российская чайная сказка: от истоков до конца XIX века

- by Ivan Sokolov
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- Cultural History, Economic History, Genealogy, Ethnography
- by Narve Strand
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- Business Ethics, Sociology, Political Sociology, Social Theory

Cuando hablamos del trabajo en Inteligencia, pero también de todo lo que tiene que ver con la
seguridad, las fuerzas armadas o los cuerpos y fuerzas de seguridad del estado, siempre aparecen
dudas, recelos, conflictos y situaciones que nos interrogan sobre los controles, valores y actitudes
que subyacen a los actos de los implicados en estas áreas en cualquiera de sus niveles. Este artículo
ofrece parte del modelo Arconte ©. Este modelo incorpora un proceso de análisis y evaluación
ética de las acciones y de los implicados en las acciones de Inteligencia, que nos permite construir
una aproximación a un marco de referencia teórico y práctico de la ética que necesitaríamos o
podríamos construir para actuar en la labor de Inteligencia. Presentaremos aquí por primera vez
parte de este modelo ya desarrollado, aplicado y en fase de evaluación.
Abstract:
When we speak about the work in Intelligence, but also about everything what it has to see with the
safety, the armed forces or the bodies and security forces of the condition, always there appear
doubts, fears, conflicts and situations that interrogate us on the controls, values and attitudes that
sublie to the acts of the implied ones in these areas in any of his levels. This article offers part of the
model Arconte ©. This model incorporates a process of analysis and ethical evaluation of the
actions and of the implied ones in the actions of Intelligence, which allows us to construct an
approximation to a theoretical and practical frame of reference of the ethics that we would need or
to construct to act in the labor of Intelligence. We will present here for the first time it departs from
this already developed, applied model and in phase of evaluation.

- by Fernando Cocho
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- Ethics, Values, Responsibility, Moral

The need to be merciful to everyone and to animals

- by Ahmed Fazel Ebrahim
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- Religion, Compassion, Islam, Environmental Sustainability

От долгов христианина к гражданскому долгу (очерк истории концептуальной метафоры) // Очерки исторической семантики русского языка раннего Нового времени (под ред. В. М. Живова). Москва: Языки славянских культур, 2009. 201-70.

- by Boris Maslov
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- Cicero, Conceptual History, Begriffsgeschichte, Duty

According to Kant, the Critique must be made more comprehensible. This entails increasing the degree of lucidity (Helligkeit) of the exposition, i.e., by combining discursive clarity with intuitive clarity. In order to accomplish this... more

- by Adam Westra
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- Philosophy, Ethics, Epistemology, Kant

Die Debatte um die Differenz von „Verantwortung“ und „Pflicht“ ist kein bloßer Streit um Wörter, geht es doch um Begriffe, für die der Anspruch erhoben wird, sie seien konstitutiv für moralische Normativität oder gar für Normativität per se. Doch welchen Unterschied macht es, die besondere Bindungskraft von Normativität über Verantwortung oder über Pflicht zu explizieren? Die Genealogie der philosophischen Reflexionen auf Verantwortung lokalisiert die Differenz zwischen Pflicht und Verantwortung in den jeweiligen Selbstverhältnissen, die mit diesen Begriffen verbunden werden. Die Analyse der Struktur dieser Selbstverhältnisse erklärt sowohl, warum Verantwortung häufig als moderner Ersatzbegriff für Pflicht gedacht wird, als auch, welchen Unterschied die Explikation der Bindungskraft von Normativität über Verantwortung oder Pflicht macht: Je nachdem, mit welchem Begriff normative Kraft erläutert wird, wandert das entsprechende Selbstverhältnis in die Verfasstheit von Normativität ein.

- by Frieder Vogelmann
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- Genealogy, Friedrich Nietzsche, Normativity, Immanuel Kant

Sokolov I.A. “Will not disappoint – not to sell”: falsification and fraud in Russian-Chinese tea trade 18-early 19 century // Coffee & Tea in Russia: business magazine, no. 6 (109) for 2013. – PP. 42 – 45.
Соколов И.А. «Не обманешь – не продашь»: фальсификация и мошенничество в русско-китайской чайной торговле 18 – начала 19 века // Кофе & Чай в России: деловой журнал, №6 (109) за 2013 г. – С. 42 – 45.

- by Ivan Sokolov
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- History, Economic History, Economics, Packaging

I argue that, according to F. H. Bradley’s Ethical Studies, duties of our station (positional duties) are not morally obligatory unless they are required from an ideal point of view. I support my interpretation by showing that Bradley places the ideal point of view higher than the social and requires that what society demands from us is evaluated from that higher point of view. My argument relies on a detailed analysis of “my station and its duties”. The phrase must be understood as a category that (1) refers to different concepts throughout Ethical Studies (i.e. a theory that Bradley rejects, a revised thesis that he accepts, and positional duties), and (2) embraces several theses (descriptive, normative, and ideal), each involving a number of claims, only a few of which Bradley accepts. I argue that Bradley rejects the normative thesis of MSID theory that identifies moral obligation with social requirements because he finds bottom-up idealization (what ought to be must conform to what is) unsatisfactory. Bradley’s inclusion of “my station and its duties” in the moral ideal must be understood as amounting to the claim that a positional duty is morally obligatory only when it is justified by the norms governing pre-institutionalised relationships.

- by Dina Babushkina
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- Idealism, British Idealism, Duty, Moral Obligation
- by MetodologiaCC UNAM
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- Teleology, Duty, Folk Devils, Teleología

There has been some debate as to whether or not it is possible to keep a promise, and thus fulfil a duty, to supererogate. In this paper, I argue, in agreement with Jason Kawall, that promises cannot be kept. However, I disagree with Kawall’s diagnosis of the problem and provide an alternative account. In the first section, I examine the debate between Kawall and David Heyd, who rejects Kawall’s claim that promises to supererogate cannot be kept. I disagree with Heyd’s argument, as it fails to get to the heart of the problem Kawall articulates. Kawall’s argument however fails to make clear the problem with promising to supererogate because his discussion relies on the plausibility of the following claim: that supererogatory actions cannot also fulfil obligations. I argue that this view is mistaken because there are clear examples of supererogatory actions that also fulfil obligations. In the final section, I give my alternative account of the problem, identifying exactly what is wrong with fulfilling a duty, and thus keep a promise, to supererogate. My diagnosis emphasises the importance of identifying non¬-supererogatory actions when it comes to understanding the way in which supererogatory actions go above and beyond the call of duty.

- by Claire Benn
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- Ethics, Normative Ethics, Moral Philosophy, Duty
- by Graham Glancy
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- Business, Medicine, Canadian Psychiatry, Duty
- by Matthew Groves
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- Law, Publishing, Political Science, Procedures
- by Stephen R Palmquist
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- Kant's Practical Philosophy, Immanuel Kant, Duty, Deontology

The aim of this work is to introduce some notions of Commitment as a descriptive ontology crucial for the understanding of groups' and organizations' functioning, and of the relations between individual agents and collective activity. Some of the basic ingredients of such notions are identified and some steps are made towards their definition. In particular, it is claimed that a notion of Commitment is needed as a mediation between the individual and the collective one. Before constructing a notion of "Collective or Group Commitment" a notion of "Social Commitment" is to be defined. "Social commitment" is not an individual Commitment shared by many agents; it is the Commitment of one agent to another. The normative contents (entitlements / obligations) of this social relation are stressed and its connections with individual intentions and collective activity. On that basis, a notion of Organizational Commitment is proposed, that could account for the structure of stable Organizations. Commitment is a crucial notion both to analyse the structure of Organizations and to support cooperative work, but a deeper analysis is needed, connecting agent's mental states with social relations and structure.

- by Cristiano Castelfranchi
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- Intention, Duty, The Problem of Moral Obligation

This paper addresses the perceptions and practices of doctorate candidates at the International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM) toward its vision of devoting educational efforts for restoring the dynamic role of the Muslim Ummah in all fields of knowledge and intellectual discourse. It investigates to what extent they possess competent research skills and foster core values such as cooperation and trust. It utilizes the qualitative research approach, using thematic analysis of data collected by semi-structured interviews. The sample is composed of ten Ph.D candidates, coming from the Middle East and Asian countries who currently study at IIUM. They are all Muslims; four females and six males. Eight candidates are the international students and two are Malaysians. Purposive sampling was implemented to select the candidates who were still pursuing their Ph.D degree at the time of conducting the study. They all came from five different kulliyyah (faculties), with two from each kulli...

- by Iyad Eid
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- Sociology, Duty, Virtue
- by Michael Curran
- •
- Justice, Altruism, Courage, Gratitude

New seals of the tea-traders, tea-trade companies and customs through which passed tea freights, from a private collection // Sokolov I. Tea Notes. – Moscow, 2014. – 104 p. – ISBN 978-5-9973-2912-9 – PP. 38 – 55.
Соколов И.А. Новые пломбы чаеторговцев, чаеторговых компаний и таможен, через которые проходили грузы чая, из частной коллекции [Текст] // Соколов И.А. Чайные заметки: [Текст, изображения] / Соколов Иван Алексеевич. – М., 2014. – 104 с.: илл. – ISBN 978-5-9973-2912-9 – С. 30 – 38

- by Ivan Sokolov
- •
- History, Economic History, Russian Studies, International Trade

ABSTRACT – There are at least two different accounts on the meaning of “rights”. According to one of them, rights are relations between two terms: someone and a good; to the other, rights are relations between three terms: an individual, some person and an action or something. They are different, but they are not altogether incompatible. Following the rights as entitlements interpretation, rights are moral or legal entitlements, that is, moral or legal relations of persons to goods (of benefits granted to persons by a human law, moral or legal). As a kind of rights, human rights are seen as entitlements of persons or individuals to essential goods, of which it can be inferred claims against other persons or against governments and officials. Human rights talks are generally made in this way. But following the other, rights in a proper sense have to be interpreted as claims. In this paper, I’ll intend to present some arguments favoring the advantage of disclosing all the meaningful entitlement’s statements into explicit claim’s ones.

- by Marco Antonio Azevedo
- •
- Philosophy Of Language, Human Rights, Philosophy Of Law, Duty

Legal support of human security in the field of health care includes the guarantee, protection and protection of rights and freedoms in the field of health care, which is the main function, as well as the goal and duty of the state. This paper describes certain aspects of the legal regulation of the implementation of the "human right to security in the health sector" and the problems of its enforcement. The research methodology is based on a system of methods of the philosophical, general scientific and special scientific level. The main goal of this scientific article is to define the concept‚principles‚ types and directions of implementation of the “human right to safety” in the concept of “the right to health protection”. The general principles of the implementation of the “human right to security in the health sector” are disclosed. It is emphasized that the legal mechanism for the implementation of the “human right to security in the healthcare sector” is the activity...

- by Olena Volianska
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- Human Rights, Health Care, Duty, Enforcement
- by Arianne Calumbiran
- •
- Law, Global media, Duty
- by Piotr Makowski
- •
- Normative Ethics, Meta-Ethics, Kant's Practical Philosophy, Kant & neo-Kantianism

Few scholars have addressed the issue of Oneness Pentecostalism with first-hand knowledge, and even fewer have experience on both sides of the fence. This article focuses on David Reed, whose most recent book offers the definitive... more

- by Tom Robinson
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- Philosophy, Theology, Pentecostalism, Duty

espanolSe trata aqui la cuestion acerca de los deseos humanos que se presentan como pretendidos derechos naturales y que se intentan presentar en las legislaturas nacionales. Esta cuestion tiene particular importancia por la confusion y proyeccion antropomorfica que origina entre los deberes de los humanos y la pretendida existencia de derechos en los animales. Se presentan las cinco posiciones principales y actuales acerca de los derechos de los animales. Se pasa luego a analizar las nociones de derecho y de deber y se distinguen, a continuacion, el sujeto del deber y el sujeto del derecho. Se analiza, y critica despues, la posicion de Gustavo Ortiz Millan sobre los derechos de los animales y sobre la calidad de ser persona segun Daniel Dennett. Se concluye reafirmando la notable distincion existente entre poseer derechos (naturales) y atribuir derechos (positivos) que, lamentablemente, no queda clarificada en la Declaracion Universal de los Derechos del Animal aprobada por la Orga...

- by William Daros
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- Philosophy, Political Science, Direito, Personas
- by Margaret Hall
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- Political Science, Tort Law, Duty

Copyright © 2013 A. S. M. Anwarullah Bhuiyan. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. This article is related to the ethical problem that is faced by a public servant in his organization. It focuses on relevant ideas, such as definition and components of administrative ethics. The attempt is to find out an answer to the question: What would be the responsibility of a public servant? In order to spell out the answer to this question, the article focuses on some ideas such as virtue ethics, principle of duty, problem solving model and some form of democratic model. As a case study, I have chosen a play of Henerik Ib-sen’s: An Enemy of the People. It also examines the concept of whistle blowing in the context of the play.

- by Anwarullah Bhuiyan
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- Duty, Virtue, Principlism, Administrative Ethics