Energy Storage Systems Research Papers (original) (raw)

This study presents a design of internal parameters of supercapacitor using charging/discharging characteristics of a battery. We aim at investigating the optimal supercapacitors-battery combination .This investigation is twofold first, supercapacitors and battery models are developed using MATLAB/Simulink and are presented and. Second, the architecture and the simulation of the designed system that combines the Supercapacitor and the battery are shown. The supercapacitors are used as high-power storage devices to smooth the peak power applied to the battery during backup time and to deliver full load power during short grid failures. By charging the supercapacitor through the battery at a suitable rate, all impulse power demands would be satisfied by the supercapacitors. KeywordsSupercapacitors, UPS, hybrid, battery, Energy Storage Systems (ESS)

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- Supercapacitors, Battery, Energy Storage Systems, Hybrid
- by Antonia Sonia A C Diniz and +1
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- Engineering, Renewable Energy, Energy Management, Demand Side Management
- by swamy chella
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- Engineering, Renewable Energy, Pergamon, renewable Energy sources
- by Dwight Swett
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- Engineering, Manufacturing, Energy Conversion, System Design

This paper proposes a multi-agent system for energy management in a microgrid for smart home applications, the microgrid comprises a photovoltaic source, battery energy storage, electrical loads, and an energy management system (EMS) based on smart agents. The microgrid can be connected to the grid or operating in island mode. All distributed sources are implemented using MATLAB/Simulink to simulate a dynamic model of each electrical component. The agent proposed can interact with each other to find the best strategy for energy management using the java agent development framework (JADE) simulator. Furthermore, the proposed agent framework is also validated through a different case study, the efficiency of the proposed approach to schedule local resources and energy management for microgrid is analyzed. The simulation results verify the efficacy of the proposed approach using Simulink/JADE co-simulation.

—Voltage interruption can be happened by several reasons like blackout, brownout, noise, spike etc. Those incidents have consequential effect on computer's hardware such as data losses, burning of sensitive equipment etc. So, UPS broadly called an uninterruptible power supply device is used in computer to provide a backup power source which will maintain the consistency in voltage and flow of electricity which in turn will provide consistent power input. Batteries are used as energy storage device in UPS which store electric energy during charging state and discharge that electric energy during any kind of interruption to provide backup as additional power source for the computer. So, the most important integral part of UPS is the battery pack which is used as energy storage device in UPS. Main goal of this paper is to design the suitable battery pack for UPS so that it can give maximum backup range to the computer within a certain economical range or cost limit. Also, another goal is to analyze the electrical and thermal parameters of the designed battery pack and cell and suggest better solutions to make the wet battery cell maintenance free (no need of addition of water). Index Terms—uninterruptable power supply, energy storage device, lead acid battery, battery maintenance, wet cell battery.

A smart grid will require, to greater or lesser degrees, advanced tools for planning and operation, broadly accepted communications platforms, smart sensors and controls, and real-time pricing. The smart grid has been described as something of an ecosystem with constantly communication, proactive, and virtually self-aware. The use of smart grid has a lot of economical and environmental advantages; however it has a downside of instability and unpredictability introduced by distributed generation (DG) from renewable energy into the public electric systems. Variable energies such as solar and wind power have a lack of stability and to avoid short-term fluctuations in power supplied to the grid, a local storage subsystem could be used to provide higher quality and stability in the fed energy. Energy storage systems (ESSs) would be a facilitator of smart grid deployment and a " small amount " of storage would have a " great impact " on the future power grid. The smart grid, with its various superior communications and control features, would make it possible to integrate the potential application of widely dispersed battery storage systems as well other ESSs. This work deals with a detailed updated review on available ESSs applications in future smart power grids. It also highlights latest projects carried out on different ESSs throughout all around the world.

- by Md Multan Biswas
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- Power Quality, Distributed Generation, Lithium-Ion Battery, Battery

In this paper, an overview of future energy option for charging mechanism associated with the full electric vehicle (FEV) is carried out. This review emphasizes the basic types of electric vehicles (EVs), various factors affecting to increase the number of FEVs to use, the CO 2 emission and fuel economy, and a new charging mechanism for increasing the usage of FEVs. The EVs such as plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs), the hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs), and the FEVs are recharged externally. The HEVs are the one will cover longer traveling distance compared to PHEVs and FEVs because of internal combustion engine. The PHEVs provides on-board charging and an option for sustaining mode of operation. On the other hand, FEVs run only with the help of batteries and the electricity required for recharging the batteries is generated from the conventional power plants which produces more greenhouse gas emission. In order to overcome this problem, a new recharging mechanism is proposed, which has both the renewable sources (wind and solar) moreover it automatically recharges the battery banks present in the FEVs. A wind duct is incorporated for increasing the velocity of the wind and the model of both the wind and the photovoltaic (PV) system have been studied. Furthermore, the streamline plot of wind duct is simulated at various values of Reynolds number and the PV array is modeled using Simscape. The performance and comparison results indicate that the proposed system can be used for charging the batteries of EVs.

- by GRD JOURNALS
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- Supercapacitors, Battery, Energy Storage Systems, Hybrid

In this work,we have synthesized a flexible ZnO@C foam for its potential applications in energy production and storage
devices based on the simple and versatilemethod. The fabricated ZnO@C foamexhibited enhanced capacitance
compared to commercially available Ni foam. The fabrication process involves the synthesis of ZnO nanostructures,
deposition of ZnO@C nanostructure on Ni foam, and finally, removing Ni substrate to have ZnO@C foam. Based on
cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic charge-discharge curves and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, it was
concluded that the ZnO@C foam has a suitable electron transfer rate and conductivity. ZnO@C foam provides a
high areal specific capacitance of 1120 mF cm−2 at a current density of 4 mA cm−2. The proposed flexible foam
has potential applications in the fabrication of solid-state supercapacitors as well as fuel cells.

- by Omran Moradlou
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- Electrochemistry, Photoelectrochemistry, Solar Cells, Energy Storage Systems

This paper proposes an optimal generation scheduling method for a power system integrated with renewable energy sources (RES) based distributed generations (DG) and energy storage systems (ESS) considering maximum harvesting of RES outputs and minimum power system operating losses. The main contribution aims at economically employing RES in a power system. In particular, maximum harvesting of renewable energy is achieved by the mean of ESS management. In addition, minimum power system operating losses can be obtained by properly scheduling operating of ESS and controllable generations. Particle Swam Optimization (PSO) algorithm is applied to search for a near global optimal solutions. The optimization problem is formulated and evaluated taking into account power system operating constraints. The different operation scenarios have been used to investigate the effective of the proposed method via DIgSILENT PowerFactory software. The proposed method is examined with IEEE standard 14-bus and 30-bus test systems.

- by Hashem Akbari
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- Technology, Developing Country, Energy Storage Systems, Energy Storage
- by Dwight Swett
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- Engineering, Manufacturing, Energy Conversion, System Design
- by Vito Calderaro
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- Smart Grid, Monte Carlo Simulations, Monte Carlo Methods, renewable Energy sources

Proper placement of energy storage system in distributed generation is still a challenging, because of its size and their location. Energy Storage System (ESS) plays a significant role in both the utility and distributed power systems. Among their benefits, the salient features are minimizing the power system cost and improving its voltage profile. Due to improper size and placement of energy storage units leads to undesired power system cost as well as the risk of voltage stability. To solve this problem, Gravitational Search Algorithm (GSA) approach is proposed in this paper to minimize the total system cost and improve the voltage profile of the system by searching the sitting and sizing of storage units. In GSA, every mass attracts towards others due to gravitational field so the heavier mass attains the optimal solution to the problem. Here the optimal solution represents the best location of Energy Storage System (ESS) in wind energy system. The IEEE 30 Bus system is incorporated for the simulation to find out the optimal location and with low operation cost. The presented results with GSA evident that the optimality and reliability of the solution.

- by Dr.Vijay R
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- Energy Storage Systems

In this work, a numerical study is proposed to investigate and predict the thermal performance of graphite foams infiltrated with phase change materials, PCMs, for space and terrestrial energy storage systems. The numerical model is based on a volume averaging technique while a finite volume method has been used to discretize the heat diffusion equation. A line-by-line solver based on tri-diagonal matrix algorithm has been used to iteratively solve the algebraic discretization equations. Because of the high thermal conductivity of graphite foams, the PCM-foam system thermal performance has been improved significantly. For space applications, the average value of the output power of the new energy storage system has been increased by more than eight times. While for terrestrial applications, the average output power using carbon foam of porosity 97% is about five times greater than that for using pure PCM.

- by Ahmed Elgafy
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- Engineering, Algorithms, Carbon, Energy

A series of reduced graphene oxide/Zn x Cd 1Àx S (RGO/Zn x Cd 1Àx S) nanocomposites (0 < x < 1) with different ratios of Zn/Cd were synthesized via a facile hydrothermal route under optimized experimental conditions and were carefully characterized by various techniques. Because very little is known about the morphology, specific surface area, and crystal phase effects of RGO/Zn x Cd 1Àx S crystals on their photoresponsivity, field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), BET surface area analysis and X-ray diffraction (XRD) data were studied to investigate their effects on photoactivity. Based on the results, a crystal phase transition from a cubic phase in RGO/Zn 0.9 Cd 0.1 S to a hexagonal wurtzite phase in RGO/Zn 0.8 Cd 0.2 S nanocomposites occurs and the crystalline phase is the main factor influencing the photoresponsivity of RGO/Zn x Cd 1Àx S nanocomposites in photodegradation and photoelectrochemical (PEC) processes under visible light irradiation. According to the results, the RGO/Zn 0.8 Cd 0.2 S nanocomposite with the hexagonal crystal phase revealed better photocatalytic activity (k ¼ 9.4 Â 10 À3 min À1) and PEC response ($2.0 mA cm À2) in comparison with the cubic crystal phase.

- by Omran Moradlou
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- Electrochemistry, Photoelectrochemistry, Solar Cells, Energy Storage Systems

This paper presents the design and implementation of a complete electric transportation vehicle by conservation by energy resources. Electric vehicles are widely used for pollution free transportation but it has been observed that distance travelled by battery operated electric vehicle is very less as pared with the other fuel powered engine and poor regenerative energy recapturing from the vehicle. There are so many types of losses in power converter which increase consumption of battery energy. For increment of distance travelled by electric vehicles and increment of recapturing of regenerative energy we have to improve performance of all component used in electric vehicle like electric motor, power converter and energy storage system like battery. That's why in this project used alternator and voltage booster. This project presents comparative study of all components used in an electric vehicle. This project also concluded that which drive or converter is suitable for electric vehicle is being proposed. Best coordination of all components can lead to optimize power consumption in electric vehicle. Energy dissipated in power train during the operation of conversion from electrical energy to mechanical energy and vice-versa should be minimize.

- by IJRASET Publication
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- Electric Vehicles, Energy Storage Systems, Electric Vehicle

The compressed air energy storage system has a better energy density, while the widely used hydraulic one is superior in power performance. Therefore, they are suitable for different hybrid vehicles, which require a comparative study on the performances and vehicle applicability of the broad pressure energy storage system layouts. In this paper, an integrated mathematical model of four basic pressure layouts is presented for characteristic analysis and applicability discussion. Results show that the open volume layout achieves the best power performance with the flow specific power of 13.92 MJ/m3 , thus it is suitable for heavy hybrid trucks and mobile machinery. The open mass layout achieves the best energy performance with the energy density of 124.35 MJ/m3 , which can be used in light new energy passenger vehicles. And the performance of the closed volume layout is close to the open volume layout with the flow specific power of 9.78 MJ/m3 , so it could be applied to middle and light hybrid trucks. This research provides a basis for the hybrid method of pressure energy storage system layouts for vehicles, and could be applied in the design and research of non-electric hybrid vehicles in the near future.

- by Tong Yi
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- Hydraulics, Hybrid Vehicle, Energy Storage Systems, Compressed Air Car

This paper deals with controlling DC power in shipboard power. Shipboard Power System (SPS) experiences disturbance due to variations in load. A DC bus distribution system developed for the U.S. Coast Guard's 270-ft Medium Endurance Cutter is simulated using MATLAB in this paper. Whenever a fault occurs in load, the system power varies. In this paper, the DC power system is controlled automatically by detecting disturbances. The proposed method includes self-governing fault detection and controlling DC power. The shipboard power system consists of a challenge related to restoration. The reliability and flexibility of the system are improved with effective integrated Energy Storage Devices (ESD) and Solar power. A maiden attempt is made in the paper with a solar panel for the cost-effective operation of the SPS. Also, the SPS with and without the solar panel is tested for optimal operation. Furthermore, this shipboard management system may be implemented in the Indian shipboard system for optimal power management.

- by Dr.Vijay R
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- Fault Detection, Energy Storage Systems, Solar Power, Shipboard Power System
- by Pascal Venet
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- Prediction, Adsorption, Supercapacitors, Energy Storage Systems

Due to the benefits of renewable energy sources (RESs), the prevalence of Microgrids (MGs) has increased in the distribution systems. The intermittent and unpredictable nature of RESs causes some challenges for the distribution system and MGs. One of the most effective solutions for the mitigation of these challenges is by using battery energy storage systems (BESSs). Despite the many benefits of BESSs, due to the high investment cost of BESSs, a planning approach should be conducted to obtain the optimal location, size, and type of BESSs in the network. For this purpose, this paper proposes a novel planning framework for BESSs to improve the MG operation economically. In this paper, the linearized AC power flow was utilized to mitigate optimization error and computational efforts of DC and AC power flow. Finally, in order to evaluate the applicability of the proposed BESS planning methodology, it is implemented on the modified IEEE 33-bus distribution network test system and its anticipated applicability is well verified.

- by Reza Habibifar and +1
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- Energy Storage Systems, Microgrids, Power System Planning, Mixed integer Linear Programming (MILP)

Distributed generations (DG) are being installed at increasing rates, both in developed and developing countries. The increasing number of DG connected to the distribution system could have a significant impact on the power system operation. This paper presents a case study investigating the impact of grid-connected DG on the Nigerian power network in terms of bus voltages and network losses. The results showed that without DG, some of the bus voltage magnitudes of the test system were outside the permissible voltage limit of 0.95pu≤Vi≤1.05p.u. However, with DG connected, the voltage magnitudes were improved to allowable values. The network active power loss was reduced by 12.03% from 85.60MW to 75.30MW. In this way, the power system becomes more efficient and secured.

"Wind energy is in exhaustible renewable. Unlike conventional fossil fuels, wind energy is clean, abundant energy that will be available for future generations. However, wind speed is a highly stochastic component which can deviate very quickly. Output power of the wind energy conversion system (WECS) is proportional to the cube of wind speed, which causes the output power fluctuation of the wind turbine. The power fluctuation causes frequency fluctuation and voltage flicker inside the power grid. In order to reduce the power fluctuation, various approaches have been proposed in the last decades. This article deals with the review of several power smoothing strategies for the WECS. Power smoothing methods of the WECS are primarily separated in to two categories such as energy storage based power smoothing method and without energy storage based power smoothing method. The main objectives of this paper are to introduce operating principles for different power smoothing methods Sarvesh Garg | Geena Kalpesh""A Review on Energy Storage Systems for Mitigation Power Fluctuations in Wind Turbine based Power System"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-1 | Issue-4 , June 2017, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd170.pdf
Article URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/170/a-review-on-energy-storage-systems-for-mitigation-power-fluctuations-in-wind-turbine-based-power-system/sarvesh-garg"

- by dan wu and +2
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- renewable Energy sources, Energy Storage Systems, System on Chip, Reactive Power

Commonly facing some irregular situations such as natural disasters and experiencing power interruptions as a consequence, the power grid in Manjil located in the north of Iran needs to be capable of power delivery to its local load points in an isolated manner. This paper aims to study the feasibility of this situation once local wind turbines are used as the power generation facilities. The imbalances of power supply and demand due to the high variation of wind power is overcome in this paper via employing and comparing two hydro-wind and diesel-wind power systems which are comprised of energy storage systems. This paper also investigates the balance feasibility of power supply and demand once the system is isolated from the whole power grid and offers an approach to identify the size and type of energy storages in this respect. The proposed method is proved to be an economic approach and results in an acceptable level of system reliability.

- by Payman Dehghanian
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- Power Systems, Power System, Investments, Natural Disasters
- by Monica Ciobotaru
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- Supercapacitors, Power Generation, Energy Storage Systems, Fluctuations
- by Evan Le
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- Biofuels, Energy Storage Systems, Alternative Energy Sources, Energy From Biomass

The power system operation considering energy storage systems (ESS) and renewable power represents a challenge. In a 24-hour economic dispatch, the generation resources are dispatched to meet demand requirements considering network restrictions. The uncertainty and unpredictability associated with renewable resources and storage systems represents challenges for power system operation due to operational and economical restrictions. This paper develops a detailed formulation to model energy storage systems (ESS) and renewable sources for power system operation considering 24-hour period. The model is formulated and evaluated with two different power systems (i.e. 5-bus and IEEE modified 24-bus systems). Wind availability patterns and scenarios are used to assess the ESS performance under different operational circumstances. With regard to the systems proposed, there are scenarios in order to evaluate ESS performance. In one of them, the increase in capacity did not represent signific...

The proper optimal generation expansion planning (GEP) should meet the reliability criteria requirements over a planning horizon under the presence of uncertainties. The intermittent nature of renewable energy sources (RES) introduces an enormous uncertainties impact within the planning model. A simulation model for RES uncertainty is developed using the capacity factor (CF) of the RES historical data. The RES simulation model is handled via the probability density function (PDF). The uncertainty parameter of different RES is described as a flexible polyhedral uncertainty set and incorporated within the proposed GEP model. The influence of different uncertainty scenarios for each RES uncertainty on the GEP model can be analyzed separately. The RES uncertainty scenarios are predefined and incorporated within the proposed GEP model through a proposed parameter named as a confidence level. The proposed confidence level parameter is beneficial to the power system planner to control the degree of robustness. Different GEP results are presented for various RES uncertainty scenarios. Three methods are proposed as appropriate solutions to deal with the RES uncertainty impact. The most economical method among the three proposed methods is determined by developing an objective function tailored to achieve the optimality of the economic factor.

Abstract A novel coupled hydro-pneumatic energy storage system is proposed to improve the energy and power performance of the energy storage system in hybrid mining trucks. Based on four basic layouts, representing different energy conversion and storage approaches, of compressed air energy storage system and hydraulic energy storage system, a coupled layout is proposed for the hybrid mining truck application through a comparative study of the four basic layouts in this paper. Simulation and analysis results show that the coupled layout can effectively balance the power and energy performances of the pressure energy storage system. The total benefit of hybrid mining trucks with the coupled layout in ten years is increased by 9.7% as compared with the compressed air energy storage system, and by 91.2% as compared with the hydraulic energy storage system. Moreover, the weight and volume of the coupled layout are reduced by 15.4% and 24.8% as compared with the compressed air energy storage system, respectively, and by 83.1% and 92.8% as compared with the hydraulic energy storage system, respectively.

- by 金李金
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- Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Energy, Energy Storage Systems

- by Octavian Bass
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- Engineering, Power Quality, Energy Security, Pergamon

- by Moncef Krarti
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- Engineering, Optimal Control, Forecasting, Optimization

Cooling of commercial buildings contributes significantly to the peak demand placed on an electrical utility grid. Time-of-use electricity rates encourage shifting of electrical loads to off-peak periods at night and weekends. Buildings can respond to these pricing signals by shifting cooling-related thermal loads either by precooling the building's massive structure or the use of active thermal energy storage systems such as ice storage. While these two thermal batteries have been engaged separately in the past, this project investigated the merits of harnessing both storage media concurrently in the context of predictive optimal control. To pursue the analysis, modeling, and simulation research of Phase 1, two separate simulation environments were developed. Based on the new dynamic building simulation program EnergyPlus, a utility rate module, two thermal energy storage models were added. Also, a sequential optimization approach to the cost minimization problem using direct ...

- by Moncef Krarti
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- Engineering, Optimal Control, Dynamic programming, Modeling and Simulation

Several microgrids can be interconnected together to enhance the grid reliability and reduce the cost of supplying power to an island area where conventional power grid cannot be connected. Source and load demand do not properly balance always. Besides that, sometimes power and frequency fluctuation has occurred in MG at island mode. Need to design a special control for maintaining the state of charge (SoC) of energy storage system. This paper proposes a new power supply system for an island area that interconnects two microgrids with a single energy storage system (ESS). An algorithm has been proposed that control the microgrids energy storage system for spinning reserve and load power/frequency regulation purpose. The minimum loading constraints of diesel engine generator (DEG) is considered and the SOC of the ESS is properly maintained.

- by Sriram Somasundaram
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- System Integration, System Design, Optimization, Energy Storage Systems

In this paper, we evaluate the current status and future outlook (i.e. for 2022, 2030, 2050) for renewable electricity sources (RES) in Italy, considering the present challenges and solutions for relevant dimensions such as technology advancement and environmental impacts. We provide quantitative projections for future RES penetration levels in Italy, based on a cost-based analysis of future generation expansion. The economic expansion analysis indicates that by 2050, more than 80% of the electricity will be provided by RES even in the absence of a CO2 price. This share can even go above 90% with CO2 emission reduction measures such as a CO2 price. These high penetrations of RES will lead to a substantial reduction of the CO2 emissions from the electricity sector in Italy.

- by Mehdi Jafari and +1
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- Renewable Energy, Energy Storage Systems
- by Monica Ciobotaru
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- Supercapacitors, Power Generation, Energy Storage Systems, Fluctuations
- by Vito CALDERARO
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- Smart Grid, Monte Carlo Simulations, Monte Carlo Methods, renewable Energy sources

In recent years there has been a major shift in the Automobile sector from the conventional internal combustion engine to more refined and environmentally more sustainable technologies to run our vehicles. Through this study, a comprehensive summary of past, recent and future development in the department of an environmentally clean transportation system is concluded. The study mainly focuses on green technologies that will be used to power our vehicles in the near future. A technological roadmap of development of different configuration of EV's including HEV, BEV and FCEV in the past year is concluded. The study of HEV is presented with details of generally used powertrain structure (series, parallel, combination and plug-in-HEV) along with details on BEV and major subsystems used in running pure electric vehicles such as types of power sources used, motors and power converters. Through this paper working of electric vehicle is discussed along with presentation on the different energy flow diagrams and finally, an overview of hydrogen-powered vehicles is presented with details of Fuel cell and future technologies. Finally, to conclude our study a discussion on global trends and various trades-offs that have to be made with electric vehicles for future trends and potentials areas of research for future use in EV is discussed.