Eulogy Research Papers - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

134 135 ANANTA SUKLA As They Know Him singlehandedly for over 40 years. This is no less than a Herculean feat. He sacrificed all his life, energy and financial resources to keep this Journal going year after year. JCLA is one of the... more

134 135 ANANTA SUKLA As They Know Him singlehandedly for over 40 years. This is no less than a Herculean feat. He sacrificed all his life, energy and financial resources to keep this Journal going year after year. JCLA is one of the finest journals in the world of literary studies.

This paper examines Obama’s "Eulogy for John Lewis,” identifying the importance of the convergence of Lewis’ oeuvre, historical exigence, and kairos in Obama using Lewis’ eulogy to engage in decidedly political messaging – a rhetorical... more

This paper examines Obama’s "Eulogy for John Lewis,” identifying the importance
of the convergence of Lewis’ oeuvre, historical exigence, and kairos in
Obama using Lewis’ eulogy to engage in decidedly political messaging –
a rhetorical hybrid, or hybrid genre, that negotiated a eulogy with
a deliberative subform. Further, I argue that because of historical exigence
and Lewis’ oeuvre, there was a kairotic imperative for Obama to speak, during
which he redefines American historical time.

MONTANER, Alberto, & ESCOBAR, Ángel /eds.), Carmen Campidoctoris o Poema Latino del Campeador, Madrid, Sociedad Estatal España Nuevo Milenio, 2001, 311 pp. (Mitos Universales de la Literatura Española: Biblioteca Complementaria, [1]).—... more

MONTANER, Alberto, & ESCOBAR, Ángel /eds.), Carmen Campidoctoris o Poema Latino del Campeador, Madrid, Sociedad Estatal España Nuevo Milenio, 2001, 311 pp. (Mitos Universales de la Literatura Española: Biblioteca Complementaria, [1]).— ISBN 84-95486-20-2

The main question this volume tries to answer is what artworks were brought from the Holy Land by the pilgrims and how they functioned here. In the eighteenth- and nineteenth-century Holy Land, a whole industry developed, manufacturing... more

The main question this volume tries to answer is what artworks were brought from the Holy Land by the pilgrims and how they functioned here. In the eighteenth- and nineteenth-century Holy Land, a whole industry developed, manufacturing and trading in objects acquired by believers: large and small representations on canvases, wood, stone, bones, mother-of-pearl, icons, engravings and lithographs, rosaries, baptismal crosses, altar crosses, wax „Christ’s footprints“, imprinted burial shrouds, etc. Some of the Bulgarian pilgrims even imported loads of such artefacts to their native places. The objects brought from the „Lord’s Grave“ (the popular with the Bulgarians place name of Jerusalem) were regarded as mementoes; some of them were blessed or hallowed in advance, becoming „eulogiae“. Regardless of their further fate or functioning, they
were a token of a pilgrim’s newly achieved social status.

Eulogistic poetry of Prophet Mohammed ‫ﷺ‬is characterized by the reverence, glorification, praise, enthroning, and enshrining the character and characteristics of Prophet ‫.ﷺ‬ Like the Classical or Islamic period poets, who eulogized... more

Eulogistic poetry of Prophet Mohammed ‫ﷺ‬is characterized by the reverence, glorification, praise, enthroning, and enshrining the character and characteristics of Prophet ‫.ﷺ‬ Like the Classical or Islamic period poets, who eulogized Prophet ‫,ﷺ‬ their tradition was carried throughout the ages. Most influential of them being Kab bin Zuhayr's Qasidah Banat Suad, and then Busiri's Qasidatul Burdah and lastly Ahmad Shawqi's Nahj Al Burdah. All these had their impact on the Indian eulogistic poetry, right from the time of Azad Bilgirami. Now, in this study I will delineate the " Qasidah Fi Al-Hamd Wa Al-Madhi Al Nabi ‫ " ﷺ‬ by Akhtar Raza Khan (b. 1942), along with the analysis of the Qasidah and a describing the occasion of composition. Analysis will consist of the linguistic tropes and schemes that play an important role in the composition of the poetry. Most importantly the field in which no contributions are made today in Indian context, I will put up some points that relate to the contribution of the poet in the field of Modern Indian Eulogistic Poetry.

THE NARRATIVE AS A RHETORICAL DEVICE There are two original Slavonic eulogies dedicated to the great Wonderworker Nicholas of Myra, which are considered supposedly as works of the Bulgarian bookman and a teacher Clement of Ohrid. The... more

Bu yazının amacı; genelde sosyal bilgiler özelde tarih araştırmalarında, gazete ve dergilerde yayınlanan ölümardı [nekroloji] yazılarının (vefat ilanları, vefeyât [obituary] ve ihtisasat [eulogy] vb.) aralarındaki farkları tam olarak... more

Bu yazının amacı; genelde sosyal bilgiler özelde tarih araştırmalarında, gazete ve dergilerde yayınlanan ölümardı [nekroloji] yazılarının (vefat ilanları, vefeyât [obituary] ve ihtisasat [eulogy] vb.) aralarındaki farkları tam olarak belirledikten sonra, bu türde metinlerin bulunduğu gazetelerden/dergilerden sosyal bilgiler dersinde yararlanmak ve söz konusu türde metinler yazabilmek için gerekli kuramsal çerçeveyi çizmek ayrıca sosyal bilgiler sınıfında yapılabilecek etkinlik önerilerinde bulunmaktır.

Undoubtedly, in the history of Islam, there are traces of eulogy of the prophet Mohammad in the poetry and prose masterpieces written by Muslim and non-Muslim literary scholars at different times and places. Among the remnant prose works... more

Undoubtedly, in the history of Islam, there are traces of eulogy of the prophet Mohammad in the poetry and prose masterpieces written by Muslim and non-Muslim literary scholars at different times and places. Among the remnant prose works from the golden age of Arabic literature in Andalusia, there are prominent samples of eulogy of the prophet, too. One of these eulogies is the ode (qasida) Shaghratisi’s Lamia which is written by the Andalusian poet, literary scholar, and jurist Abdullah ibn Yahya Shaghratisi who had a keen interest in poetry but has written prose works as well. In his famous work Lamia he has borrowed from Islamic verses and narrations and none of the issues raised in the poem are devoid of reference to Islamic history. In this ode of one hundred thirty-three verses, he portrays the prophet’s lifestyle, battles, and miracles. One of the merits of this eulogy is that, in contrast to other eulogies of that agewhich serve other poetic purposes, all verses of it are replete with rhetorical figures depicting different personal and social aspects of the prophet’s life. Interestingly, this poem, unlike other poems composed in eulogy of the Prophet in the last centuries, is bereft of any verse that directly expresses the prophet’s prophecy.The question that needs to be answered is that what thematic element is Shaghratisi’s Lamia centered on. Therefore,in this study, the main purpose is to do a deductive and statistical analysis of Shaghratisi’s poem to define the main essence of the themes of the poem and to detect its most frequent thematic element. Considering the importance of the prophet’s battles in supporting Islam and spreading its message, this issue is expected to be the most frequent in this poem. This gives Shaghratisi’s poem an epic quality which exhilarates the reader.

Der Historiker, der die Öffentlichkeit nicht scheut. Hannes Obermair zum 60.
Eine Gratulation von Hans Heiss

Kultus eines „menschenfreunden Patrioten” aus der Reformzeit: Zeitgenössisches Andenken an Dániel Csapó, den Tolnaer Vizegespan Dániel Csapó war einer der bedeutendsten Agrarier, Fachliterarer, Grundbesitzer, sowie ein bestimmender... more

Kultus eines „menschenfreunden Patrioten” aus der Reformzeit: Zeitgenössisches Andenken an Dániel Csapó, den Tolnaer Vizegespan Dániel Csapó war einer der bedeutendsten Agrarier, Fachliterarer, Grundbesitzer, sowie ein bestimmender Politiker der komitatlichen und parlamentarischen Reformbewegung nicht nur im Komitat Tolnau, sondern auch in ganz Ungarn am Anfang des 19. Jahrhunderts. Sein Tod am 5. August 1844 erschütterte nicht nur die Öffentlichkeit in seinem Komitat, sondern auch im ganzen Land, eine Reihe von Berichten, Nekrologe und Gedenkreden behielten die Figur einer der wichtigsten Personen der Reformzeit im Andenken. Aus diesen Nekrologen und Gedenkreden läßt sich die Kanonisation der früh verstorbenen Gestalt der Reformzeit rekonstruieren, wie die Elite des Komitates und des Landes das Andenken des oft auch mit dem Titel „der erste ungarische Volkswirt” bezeichnete Vizegespans in der Reformzeit bewahrte. Der Ausgangspunkt der Gedenkreden vor 1848 lag darin, daß ein Zeitraum voller Initiative und eine vor großen Aufgaben und Herausforderungen stehende Gesellschaft durch ihre eigenen Helden sich selbst bejubeln und die Gedankenwelt der Wichtigkeit ihres eigenen Zeitalters vergegenwärtigen soll. Die Teilnehmer der Gedenkprogramme stellen neben dem allgemein bekannten „frühorganisatorischen” Csapó-Bild auch die Abbildung eines kompromißfähigen und pazifizierenden Leiters der Reformzeit dar.

this is my farewell piece to Queen Mob's Teahouse — a madly-wonderful, wonderfully-mad, journal, magazine, writing space, and everything in-between — which will be publishing its last issues in April 2022 ... i will, already do, miss... more

THE NARRATIVE AS A RHETORICAL DEVICE (The Slavonic Eulogies on St. Nicholas of Myra) (Abstract) There are two original Slavonic eulogies dedicated to the great Wonderworker Nicholas of Myra, which are considered supposedly as works of the... more

THE NARRATIVE AS A RHETORICAL DEVICE
(The Slavonic Eulogies on St. Nicholas of Myra)
(Abstract)
There are two original Slavonic eulogies dedicated to the great Wonderworker Nicholas of Myra, which are considered supposedly as works of the Bulgarian bookman and a teacher Clement of Ohrid. The paper focuses on the so called “second” Eulogy, which is known under two titles (1) Слово похвално о жит¶и, иже въ сЃтыхь оЃца нашего архиереѧ Николы and (2) Похвала на пренесенье мощии сЃтго Николы. One of the specific features of this text is the inserted narrative, borrowed from the earliest story about St. Nicholas – Praxis de stratilatis. The main hypothesis of my paper is that the medieval writer chose this very example – i.e. the story told in the Praxis – for several reasons and mostly due to the ideological context of the appearance and the initial dissemination of the Eulogy.
A specific mistake in the translation of the toponym of Drach /Äïññá÷ßον (Tí ô© Äïññá÷ߥ/ въ тракѵ̋и) was identified. It appeared in the Old Bulgarian translation of Praxis de stratilatis and in the “second” Eulogy for St. Nicholas where the story about the three generals is cited. The appearance of the mistake is interpreted and it is suggested that the substitution of Drach with Thrace in the Eulogy could be accounted for the presence of the cited text – the Slavonic Praxis, which it seems had been already translated at the time of the compilation of the eulogy. These observations shed additional light about the authorship of the Eulogy.

L’article met en évidence le lien qui s’établit entre les détournements railleurs (ludiques, grivois, satiriques, libertins) dont fait l’objet l’oraison funèbre du XVIe au XVIIIe siècle, et la littérarisation de ce genre, qui viendra par... more

L’article met en évidence le lien qui s’établit entre les détournements railleurs (ludiques, grivois, satiriques, libertins) dont fait l’objet l’oraison funèbre du XVIe au XVIIIe siècle, et la littérarisation de ce genre, qui viendra par excellence représenter le vaste massif de l’éloquence de la chaire dans le panthéon littéraire naissant. Si les oraisons funèbres parodiques de Louis XIV ou de la « monarchie universelle » donnent à lire une « mythistoire à l’envers », d’autres pastiches peuvent produire, au travers du détournement ludique, un véritable éloge du sujet : c’est le cas de l’oraison funèbre de Molière publiée dans Le Mercure galant. Un dernier exemple, celui d’une oraison funèbre manuscrite consacrée au Cardinal Fleury et parodiant le véritable discours dont il fit l’objet, accomplit en quelque sorte au carré la vocation épidictique du genre : le discours s’y montre en train de « se montrer montrant », portant ainsi à incandescence, dans le geste subversif lui-même, le malaise métadiscursif que trahit constamment l’oraison funèbre « sérieuse », tout en l’associant à une vive conscience de sa proche péremption.

The formulas אשׁרי and ברוך appear in the Psalter often in conspicuous places. All these significant places are listed in tables in the article and the incidence and function of each of these instances are discussed. The main focus of the... more

The formulas אשׁרי and ברוך appear in the Psalter often in conspicuous places. All these significant places are listed in tables in the article and the incidence and function of each of these instances are discussed. The main focus of the investigation is, however, on the analysis of those psalms in which both formulas occur together. Such instances of simultaneous occurrence of macarism and eulogy are not only found in the closing psalms of Parts I–IV of the Psalter (Pss 41; 72 [verbal form]; 89; and 106), but also at the end of Part V (Pss 144[–145]) before the final Hallel (Ps 146–150), and also in the mammoth Ps 119 (located in the centre of Book V). This state of affairs can hardly be accidental; it is much more probable that the double address in these psalms in a horizontal (macarism) and vertical (eulogy) direction is indicative of a compositional and theological intention. Since they are located in contexts of teaching and praise, these terms point toward the basic dimensions and functions of the Psalter as a composition. On top of that, they bring – against the background of Deut 33 and 1Kgs 10 – Davidic-Salomonic perspectives to the Psalter and enhance the fivefold structure of the Psalter, creating a clearer analogy between
the Psalter and the Pentateuch.

The importance of foundational myths has long been recognized as essential to human existence—every people has an origin story, a foundation, a beginning. Foundational myths are crucial to the formation of national identity and provide... more

The importance of foundational myths has long been recognized as essential to human existence—every people has an origin story, a foundation, a beginning. Foundational myths are crucial to the formation of national identity and provide the backdrop upon which nations establish their sacred moral values and secular political beliefs. What has not been examined, however, is how a social and political leader can be transformed from national hero into mythic founder. Eulogizing national heroes occurs frequently, but how does the mortality of a person become transformed into an immortal visage of political virtue and civic grace? George Washington’s death and the eulogies delivered upon its occasion offer the opportunity for rhetorical critics to examine this process at work. In this essay, I argue that the transformational process of national myth-making begins with a societal and political leader and becomes a process of eulogizing and hero-making that eventually leads to secular sainthood. The process of eulogizing George Washington provides an exemplary moment in myth-building and reveals three functions of the eulogy that contribute to the process of immortalization—first, comparisons are made to mythological figures, secular heroes, and archetypes in history which establish a consubstantiality with both the myth and the hero’s role in it; second, connections are created between the secular history of the figure and the sacred values represented by their life, life’s work, and meaning for the people of the nation; finally, the individual in question is elevated beyond the profane existence of a mere mortal to the immortality of a divine being.

The patronage system, which can be defined as support of an artist by a prosperous patron, has been one of the most important factors in ensuring the continuity of artistic production up to the modern market system. In the context of this... more

The patronage system, which can be defined as support of an artist by a prosperous patron, has been one of the most important factors in ensuring the continuity of artistic production up to the modern market system. In the context of this relationship, artists have formed their artistic works through patron’s pleasures and wishes in return for the support they receive. This study examines the relationship of sultans, who were major patrons of the Ottoman musical tradition, with the musicians around them through the composed eulogies (medhiye). It is limited to the reigns of Selim III and Mahmud II, who were also musicians. In spite of the prevalence in Ottoman poetry, examples of eulogies are limited in Ottoman music, with 35 composed eulogies having been found for this period. These musical works have been analyzed according to composer, mode (makam), rhythm (usûl), form, and dedication. Another dimension in this study is an evaluation of these eulogies’ lyrics. After focusing on each set of lyrics, the texts have been examined according to the themes set out under categories such as prayer, praise, and greeting. Thus the subjects that are significant in the eulogies have been identified.

Eulogy is one of the most important poetic types in Arabic literature. Due to its moralistic themes, the eulogy of the prophet of Islam enjoys a high position in Arabic literature. This poetic type has existed in different periods of... more

Eulogy is one of the most important poetic types in Arabic literature. Due to its moralistic themes, the eulogy of the prophet of Islam enjoys a high position in Arabic literature. This poetic type has existed in different periods of Arabic poetry. However, it reached its pinnacle in the Mamluks’ period. Using a descriptive-analytical approach, the present paper attempts to examine the various subdivisions of this literary type and its pertinent styles and themes by exploring its origin of formation and its prominent poets. The results of this paper suggest that the eulogies of the prophet in the Mamluks’ period are considered as one the finest poetic forms in Arabic literature. These eulogies do not have a specific structure. Yet, long odes of this literary type include a lyrical introduction, a main body, and an epilogue and they mention the prophet’s miracles and characteristics. The art of praising the prophet flourished in the Mamluks’ period because ‎of several important reasons. First, during the Crusades this poetic type was used ‎as a motivating force to inspire efforts to defend the Islamic lands. Second, ‎the prophet was considered as a decent model to follow for Muslims. Third, Arab poets praised Mamluk ‎kings but they, not being Arab, paid no attention to their poetry. Furthermore, there was a need for this type ‎of poetry in the prophet’s birthday celebrations. The ‎spread of Sufism and Mysticism, the expansion of the Islamic world, ‎people’s desire to visit the holy places of Hejaz, and the competition between Sunni ‎circles who praised the prophet and Shia movements who praised the ‎Ahl al-Bayt are among the other reasons. Al-Busiri and Safi-al-Din al-Hilli are among the most famous poets of this period who wrote ‎poetry in praise of the prophet. Al-Busiri is the most famous one and many consider him as the inventor of ‎the technique.‎

The principles of civility undergirding the theory of invitation unilaterally condemn the use of confrontational or violent rhetorical strategies. I argue that this condemnation prevents marginalized communities from properly responding... more

The principles of civility undergirding the theory of invitation unilaterally condemn the use of confrontational or violent rhetorical strategies. I argue that this condemnation prevents marginalized communities from properly responding to injustice, lest they face criticism for uncivil and immoral behavior, and provides cover for elites whose hegemonic power is already secure to violate civility norms. In response, I argue that a rhetorical theory of civility should not generally invalidate violations of civility norms and justify the occasional use of the uncivil tongue.

From a collection of remembrances, essays, and poetry for June Cummins. Published by Cats in the Basement Press, 2020.

The present paper often called "mukhadhram" (living in two eras (Jahiliyat or pre-Islamic and Islamic) and the difficulty he encountered in reaching a compromise between the norms ,conventions and priorities of these two eras. Jarwal bin... more

The present paper often called "mukhadhram" (living in two eras (Jahiliyat or pre-Islamic and Islamic) and the difficulty he encountered in reaching a compromise between the norms ,conventions and priorities of these two eras. Jarwal bin Aws bin Malik al-Abbassi, who is known by the nickname al-Hutaya' (600-678) is the pivot of this study. The significance of the current study lies in highlighting his favorite topics, especially eulogy and satire, his allergic relationship with people and his fellow poets and his self-centered views. Also it pays much attention to his type of poetry and its characteristic tone. The approach used here is biographical, albeit sounding outmoded or outdated, i.e., in that it tries to study his poetry in the light of his experiences and different situations he has passed through and their impacts on the type of poetry he has written. This will be followed by a translation (conducted by the present researcher) of his magnum opus ' watawit halathe' (starving for three days) which he wrote in his last year. The formal and thematic aspects of the poem will be discussed. A final assessment of this poem will be provided as a work that has been rightly classified as a landmark in the poet's career.

Rhetoric of eulogies traditionally follow an identifiable epideictic or deliberative form. However, the funeral orator may blend both forms as a hybrid rhetoric based on the life, death, and social conditions at the time of the eulogy.... more

Rhetoric of eulogies traditionally follow an identifiable epideictic or deliberative form. However, the funeral orator may blend both forms as a hybrid rhetoric based on the life, death, and social conditions at the time of the eulogy. This essay provides a rhetorical analysis of the eulogy of Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. for the young victims of the Sixteenth Street Church Bombing and the eulogy of Barack Obama for Rev. Clementa Pinckney after the massacre at Emanuel AME Church. The authors argue that historically the eulogies for murdered Blacks are socially significant as the rhetor uses purification, association, and unification as rhetorical tools to martyr the decedents and unite the audience in social corrective action. Further, the rhetorical situation is impacted by the need for justification of prematurely and unjustly lost life. There is currently an alarming trend of Blacks being murdered by police and racially charged incidents, often resulting in social upheaval within communities across the country. This analysis provides insight into the resulting eulogies of unjustified Black death and the rhetorical power of the eulogist when addressing communities on the verge of civil unrest. claim that humans need eulogies to express the loss of a fellow community member. 1 In eulogies, there is a space provided to magnify the deceased accomplishments and life. To show respect for the finality of death, humans have created discursive rules that almost prohibit articulating failures, poor choices, and anything that would present the deceased in a negative light. The charge to validate an individual in the face of tragic loss of life becomes greater than death under normal circumstances. Ronald Schleifer states, "The rhetoric of mourning speaks for those who cannot speak for themselves…. the mourners themselves, who, as psychologists tell us, in the shock of bereavement, are bereaved of voice as well as friend." 2 The natural shock of death is exacerbated by conditions that are violent and controversial. Eulogy rhetoric is often considered epideictic; however, under certain conditions, their rhetoric may become more deliberative. In situations of turmoil, eulogies can be a call to action  Melissa Renee Harris is a doctoral student at Howard University in the Communication, Culture, and Media Studies department. Her research interest includes rhetoric, race, and media representations. Her current research focus is "The Talk" that African Americans have with their children about race.

My 67-year "big brother" brother, Rabbi Moshe Ehrenstein, OB”M, was Mashpia Roshi [literally: the "head influencer"] in the Tzfas Yeshiva of Chabad. He passed away on Shabbat, 11 Adar Alef, 2019. Moishe was not very healthy even before... more

My 67-year "big brother" brother, Rabbi Moshe Ehrenstein, OB”M, was Mashpia Roshi [literally: the "head influencer"] in the Tzfas Yeshiva of Chabad. He passed away on Shabbat, 11 Adar Alef, 2019.
Moishe was not very healthy even before his heart finally failed him, but nevertheless he always made sure his own life matched the criteria he set for his many thousands students. He was very kind to everybody, but set an example of total commitment both to his various teaching assignments and his 7-child family. He dies after completing his last Mitzvah: helping to save the building the Yeshiva building which was at-risk for being sold and as a consequence – to watch his life-work vanish.

Lecture in Corfu, Ionian University, May, 13th, 2015

L’article met en évidence le lien qui s’établit entre les détournements railleurs (ludiques, grivois, satiriques, libertins) dont fait l’objet l’oraison funèbre du XVIe au XVIIIe siècle, et la littérarisation de ce genre, qui viendra par... more

L’article met en évidence le lien qui s’établit entre les détournements railleurs (ludiques, grivois, satiriques, libertins) dont fait l’objet l’oraison funèbre du XVIe au XVIIIe siècle, et la littérarisation de ce genre, qui viendra par excellence représenter le vaste massif de l’éloquence de la chaire dans le panthéon littéraire naissant. Si les oraisons funèbres parodiques de Louis XIV ou de la « monarchie universelle » donnent à lire une « mythistoire à l’envers », d’autres pastiches peuvent produire, au travers du détournement ludique, un véritable éloge du sujet : c’est le cas de l’oraison funèbre de Molière publiée dans Le Mercure galant. Un dernier exemple, celui d’une oraison funèbre manuscrite consacrée au Cardinal Fleury et parodiant le véritable discours dont il fit l’objet, accomplit en quelque sorte au carré la vocation épidictique du genre : le discours s’y montre en train de « se montrer montrant », portant ainsi à incandescence, dans le geste subversif lui-même, le malaise métadiscursif que trahit constamment l’oraison funèbre « sérieuse », tout en l’associant à une vive conscience de sa proche péremption.

A eulogy for Allen Ginsberg and recollection of my time as his apprentice.

From the second half of the last century onwards, the term ‘metalepsis’ has been in common use in the field of narratology, and has gradually found a place in literary criticism more broadly, to denote the transgression of diegetic... more

From the second half of the last century onwards, the term ‘metalepsis’ has been in common use in the field of narratology, and has gradually found a place in literary criticism more broadly, to denote the transgression of diegetic boundaries, whether by the narrator or the narratee. The present article provides a thorough analysis of the metaleptic depiction of Bion provided by his anonymous eulogist at lines 58–63 of the Epitaph for Bion. This passage describes Galatea’s reaction to Bion’s demise, with the result that the dead poet, who sang of the Cyclops in fr. 16, himself assumes Polyphemus-like traits. However, the parallelism between the poet and his character proves to be imperfect, because the text hints at a past liaison, and describes Galatea’s newly acquired status as a shepherdess, thus presenting Bion as a successful lover, and, more importantly, one who has been successful precisely where the Cyclops failed. The key to reading this ‘antagonistic’ portrayal of Bion is provided by analysis of the hidden web of intertextual connections that lies beneath this passage (Theoc. Idd. 6, 11, Bion frr. 3 and 16), which brings to the fore its strong poetological meaning, revealing it to be a poetic tribute through which the anonymous poet celebrates Bion’s achievements as both a bucolic and an amatory poet.