Austrian History Research Papers - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

This essay makes a case for reorientation in the controversially discussed matter of how the relationship between Orientalism and Zionism should be interpreted. It abandons the notion of convergence between both spheres, postulating... more

This essay makes a case for reorientation in the controversially discussed matter of how the relationship between Orientalism and Zionism should be interpreted. It abandons the notion of convergence between both spheres, postulating instead that a tradition of downright resistance to Orientalism is inscribed into German literary Zionism. To exemplify the potential of this reorientation for new insights into both postcolonial and German-Jewish history, a discus- sion is provided of Theodor Herzl’s novel The Old New Land (1902), Felix Salten’s Neue Menschen auf alter Erde (1925), and Franz Kafka’s Schakale und Araber (1917).

This article focuses on the precariousness of everyday life of half-Jews during the Nazi-regime in Vienna. Marriages between Jews and non-Jews as well as the presence of their half-Jewish children represented an antagonism that was a... more

This article focuses on the precariousness of everyday life of half-Jews during the Nazi-regime in Vienna. Marriages between Jews and non-Jews as well as the presence of their half-Jewish children represented an antagonism that was a permanent threat to the integrity of the Nazi regime. According to the Nuremberg Laws, half-Jews were either defined as Mischlinge of the first degree or as Geltungsjuden, depending on their denomination. Even though they were in most cases exempt from deportation, the plans to include them in the Final solution were never fully given up. Particularly during the last years of the war – after the majority of the Austrian Jewish population had been deported – the protection of half-Jews became more precarious and even trivial infractions against Nazi laws could lead to imprisonment and deportation.

The essay deals with the judicial activity of a criminal court of the Regno Lombardo-Veneto in the firs half of nineteenth century. It is particularly analysed the legal reasoning of the judges in front of crimes which were submitted to... more

The essay deals with the judicial activity of a criminal court of the Regno Lombardo-Veneto in the firs half of nineteenth century. It is particularly analysed the legal reasoning of the judges in front of crimes which were submitted to their jurisdiction. Their discussions were about the codex foresight, but also of clues and evidences.

17th century is the critical period for Ottoman Empire when great wars and major territory losses have taken place. My study focuses on the manuscript which is attributed to Tımışvarlı Osman Ağa as a result of his important role in... more

17th century is the critical period for Ottoman Empire when great wars and major territory losses have taken place. My study focuses on the manuscript which is attributed to Tımışvarlı Osman Ağa as a result of his important role in Ottoman History and Literature with regard to his memoir of captivity which reflects its period.
The manuscript which is incomplete thematically and registered with no:220 at Süleymaniye Library, Hacı Ahmet Paşa Collection involves the years between AD 800-1662. The writing mentions Austria and German History until 1500s, and in the following years it mentions Ottoman-Austria relations in addition to German History. In this study the manuscript is transcribed into Latin alphabet, evaluated in terms of its content and source value -both its importance for Turkish History and credibility- and critically examined with its periods’ contemporary chronicles by comparing them.
Although it doesn’t give extensive knowledge, it sheds light on the first period German History and gives information about 17th Century Ottoman-Austria and Ottoman-German relations when major events occurred, which makes it a valued writing.
NOTE: For full access, please visit YÖK National Thesis Center.
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17. yüzyıl, Osmanlı Devleti için büyük savaşların ve önemli toprak kayıplarının vuku bulduğu kritik bir dönemdir. Bu dönemde yaşamış ve bu dönemi yansıtan bir esaretnameye sahip olması bakımından, Osmanlı tarihi ve edebiyatında önemli bir konuma sahip olan Tımışvarlı Osman Ağa’ya atfedilen yazma, araştırmamızın konusunu teşkil etmektedir. Süleymaniye Yazma Eserler Kütüphanesi, Hacı Ahmed Paşa koleksiyonu, nr. 220’de kayıtlı olan ve konu olarak tamamlanmamış eser, miladi 800-1662 yılları arasını kapsar. 1500’lü yıllara kadar Avusturya ve Alman Tarihi, sonraki kısmında ise Alman tarihine ek olarak Avusturya-Osmanlı ilişkilerine değinen eser, transkribe edilerek muhteva ve kaynak değeri yönünden değerlendirilmiş ve de dönemin çağdaş kronikleriyle mukayeseli karşılaştırılması yapılarak eleştirel yönden incelenmiştir.
Geniş bilgilere yer vermese de ilk dönem Almanya tarihini aydınlatması ve önemli gelişmelerin meydana geldiği 17. yüzyıl Osmanlı-Avusturya (Nemçe/Beç) ve Osmanlı-Almanya ilişkileri hakkında bilgi vermesi bakımından kıymetli bir eserdir.
NOT: Tam erişim için lütfen YÖK Ulusal Tez Merkezini ziyaret ediniz.

Stift Göttweig is located approx. 4 km south of the city Krems an der Donau on the hill "Göttweiger Berg" in the foreland of the Dunkelsteinerwald on c. 420 m. The monastery has been founded by bishop Altmann von Passau in 1083... more

Stift Göttweig is located approx. 4 km south of the city Krems an der Donau on the hill "Göttweiger Berg" in the foreland of the Dunkelsteinerwald on c. 420 m. The monastery has been founded by bishop Altmann von Passau in 1083 at the latest and was redesigned in the 18th century according to plans by Johann Lucas von Hildebrandt, who brought the monastery to its present form of landscape-defining appearance. In 2019, geophysical examinations of the entire area were carried out using georadar. The collected data answered architectural questions and created a sustainable basis for planning potential future construction projects and earth movements in the area.

Die deutschen Übersetzungen der lateinischen Hedwigslegende lassen sich fast ausnahmslos in den Kontext der Legitimation deutscher und österreichischer Adelshäuser stellen. Der Beitrag zeichnet diese Zusammenhänge nach und konzentriert... more

Die deutschen Übersetzungen der lateinischen Hedwigslegende lassen sich fast ausnahmslos in den Kontext der Legitimation deutscher und österreichischer Adelshäuser stellen. Der Beitrag zeichnet diese Zusammenhänge nach und konzentriert sich dabei besonders auf die bislang wenig untersuchte Schleusinger Hedwigslegende.

Der Plan zur Errichtung eines Konzentrationslagers in Oberösterreich wurde bereits seit März 1938 – unmittelbar nach dem „Anschluss“ Österreichs an das Deutsche Reich – zu mehreren Anlässen publik gemacht. Josef Bürckel, Reichskommissar... more

Der Plan zur Errichtung eines Konzentrationslagers in Oberösterreich wurde bereits seit März 1938 – unmittelbar nach dem „Anschluss“ Österreichs an das Deutsche Reich – zu mehreren Anlässen publik gemacht. Josef Bürckel, Reichskommissar für die Wiedervereinigung Österreichs mit dem Reich, bezog sich in einer Rede am 24. März 1938 auf ein Lager in einem Steinbruch, in dem man österreichische Juden zur Zwangsarbeit einsetzen wollte.3 August Eigruber, bis 1945 Gauleiter des Gaus Oberdonau, hielt am 28.März in Gmunden eine Rede, in der er die Gründung eines KZ in Oberösterreich als „besondere Auszeichnung“ für den Gau pries – eine Rede, die nicht nur im „Völkischen Beobachter“, sondern auch in der Londoner „The Times“ Erwähnung fand: „Gauleiter Eigruber, of Upper Austria, speaking at Gmunden yesterday, announced that for its achievements in the National-Socialist cause his Province was to have the special distinction of having within its bounds a concentration camp for the traitors of all Austria. This, according to the Völkischer Beobachter, aroused such enthusiasm in his audience that the Gauleiter could not continue his speech for some time.” Das KZ „für“ Oberösterreich, in dem österreichische „Volksverräter“ zum „Schutz“ der Bevölkerung festgehalten werden sollten, deutet auf ein territorial durchdachtes Prinzip bei der Verteilung der KZ auf das Reichsgebiet hin5; gleichzeitig belegt der Standort des neuen KZ mit den Steinbrüchen des Ortes Mauthausen, dass das Prinzip der ökonomischen Ausbeutung der Häftlingsarbeitskraft von allem Anfang an eine zentrale Rolle spielte.

Significant variation in the institutions and efficiency of public bureaucracies across countries and regions are observed. These differences could be partially responsible for divergence in the effectiveness of policy implementation,... more

Significant variation in the institutions and efficiency of public bureaucracies across countries and regions are observed. These differences could be partially responsible for divergence in the effectiveness of policy implementation, corruption levels, and economic development. Do imperial legacies contribute to the observed variation in the organization of public administrations? Historical foreign rule and colonization have been shown to have lasting effects on legal systems, political institutions, and trade in former controlled territories. Imperial legacies could also explain variations in the performance of public administrations. The author uses the case of Poland to investigate the long-term effects of foreign rule on bureaucratic systems. Historically, Poland was split between three imperial powers with very different public administrations: Prussia, Austria, and Russia. Statistical analyses of original data collected through a survey of more than 650 Polish public administrations suggest that some present-day differences in the organization and efficiency of bureaucracies are due to imperial legacies.

Kniha byla vydána roku 1968 v Českých Budějovicích / The book was published in 1968 in České Budějovice.

More than a century after Guido Adler's appointment to the first chair in musicology at the University of Vienna, Music, Criticism, and the Challenge of History provides a first look at the discipline in this earliest period, and at the... more

More than a century after Guido Adler's appointment to the first chair in musicology at the University of Vienna, Music, Criticism, and the Challenge of History provides a first look at the discipline in this earliest period, and at the ideological dilemmas and methodological anxieties that characterized it upon its institutionalization. Author Kevin Karnes contends that some of the most vital questions surrounding musicology's disciplinary identities today-the relationship between musicology and criticism, the role of the subject in analysis and the narration of history, and the responsibilities of the scholar to the listening public-originate in these conflicted and largely forgotten beginnings.

Relative to its size, no scientific institute was hit harder by National Socialism than Vienna’s Institute for Experimental Biology (Biologische Versuchsanstalt, BVA). Of the 33 collaborators before March 1938, 18 were expelled... more

Relative to its size, no scientific institute was hit harder by National Socialism than Vienna’s Institute for Experimental Biology (Biologische Versuchsanstalt, BVA). Of the 33 collaborators before March 1938, 18 were expelled immediately after the Anschluss for racist reasons. Among them were two of the three founders and sponsors, zoologist Hans Przibram and botanist Leopold von Portheim. Seven members of the BVA were killed in the Holocaust, including Przibram. The building was destroyed by fire during the last days of the war. Afterwards the Institute remained forgotten and suppressed. It took more than 75 years after Austria’s annexation, before the Academy of Sciences — from 1914 to 1945 owner of the BVA acknowledged the tragic history of the Institute.

This book argues that from the moment that skiers took to the Alps of Central Europe around 1880, the interaction between skiers and the Alps proved transformative: the Alps modernized skiing, and skiing modernized the Alps. The unique... more

This book argues that from the moment that skiers took to the Alps of Central Europe around 1880, the interaction between skiers and the Alps proved transformative: the Alps modernized skiing, and skiing modernized the Alps. The unique terrain of the Alps demanded that skiers alter their equipment and their practice of the sport. In the process, skiers elaborated an ideology called Alpine modernism that synthesized the Romantic devotion to nature with the modernist celebration of speed, technology, and spectacle. As a result, Alpine skiing was uniquely attuned to the twentieth-century age of mass culture, and the sport of skiing both formed and reflected that era’s democratization, commercialization, and obsession with leisure. Alpine modernism was so enticing and skiing was so lucrative that businesses and governments transformed the Alps to appeal to skiers. Alpine skiing became the basis for a burgeoning leisure economy, and tourism interests developed transportation and accommodations infrastructure across the Alps to render the tourism industry profitable and reliable. This economic modernization affected the environment in important ways while paradoxically undermining the sport’s Romantic appeal. Before they came into contact, both skiing and the Alps were backwards and peripheral; as a result of their interaction in the twentieth century, each became at once modern in material and ideological terms and central to European concerns, to the delight and chagrin of Alpine skiers.

The perception of Romani people in “western” European states has been predominantly linked with forms of migration that emerged from post-communist countries, especially since the two latest EU enlargements. Still, these migrations are... more

The perception of Romani people in “western” European states has been predominantly linked with forms of migration that emerged from post-communist countries, especially since the two latest EU enlargements. Still, these migrations are not unidirectional and homogeneous at all, but contain multi-layered and diverse forms of movement. In this book we present some outcomes of a recent research project which we carried out in analysing movements from members of Romani communities in southern Slovakia to the Austrian province of Styria. These discussed communities are neither linguistically separated nor in terms of housing strictly segregated from their mostly Hungarian surrounding. Nevertheless, the migrations – initially for the purpose of begging – and especially their effects foster differentiation and even an increase of segregation tendencies. In particular, the projects of NGOs in the region and the depiction of Romani people in Austrian media has shaped the othering of these Hungarian Slovakian citizens of Romani belonging.
In an introductive overview on the character of these migrations, we argue that these movements are transnational, not only because they are circular (instead of once-and-forever), but also because they question the notion of seemingly traditional migratory patterns. One of the effects of the migrations has been the emergence of a relatively strong connection between the regions involved, highly visible in the symbolical relationship between the village of Medovce-Metete and Graz. Not only have development projects by Austrian NGOs and official support from local governments in Austria changed the situation in this village, but the presence of begging Romani people has shaped political debates and self-perceptions in Graz. These effects and relationships can most adequately be described as a transnational network that allows the movement of people, goods, money, knowledge etc.
This book is based on material from our field researches in South-central Slovakia (called the Gemer/Gömör region), and Graz, deriving first and foremost from interviews with migrants, NGO-activists, officials and non-migrating people, which we carried out from September 2010 until February 2011. The second basis for this book are images and texts from coverage in different forms of media, such as newspapers and magazines, but also graffiti in public space, bulk mail, etc., from 1989 to 2011. We set these sources in dialogue with one other and thus map a space across the borders between language and action as well as the borders of nations/regions. In doing so, it becomes visible that there are huge intersections and interdependences between perceptions of these migrations, the circumstances in which they happen and the consequences they have (like development aid).

The purpose of this presentation is to outline the main features of the history of the Tyrol and the development of South Tyrol autonomy. For centuries, three language groups have lived in the territory of the Trentino-South Tyrol... more

The purpose of this presentation is to outline the main features of the history of the Tyrol and the development of South Tyrol autonomy. For centuries, three language groups have lived in the territory of the Trentino-South Tyrol region: Italians, Germans and Ladins. The diversity of languages and cultures poses a challenge to any liberal democracy and to the safeguarding of peace. At the same time, however, it is also a touchstone for the future of Europe, whose cultural wealth does not lie in the melting pot system of American immigration but is built on the treasures of diverse cultures and the humanist tradition.
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ABSTRACT ITALIANO:
Lo scopo di questa presentazione è quello di delineare le principali caratteristiche della storia del Tirolo e dello sviluppo dell'autonomia dell'Alto Adige Südtirol. Nel territorio della regione Trentino-Alto Adige vivono da secoli tre gruppi linguistici: Italiani, tedeschi e ladini. La diversità delle lingue e delle culture rappresenta una sfida per qualsiasi democrazia liberale e per la salvaguardia della pace. Allo stesso tempo, però, è anche una pietra di paragone per il futuro dell'Europa, la cui ricchezza culturale non risiede nel sistema del melting pot dell'immigrazione americana, ma è costruita sui tesori delle diverse culture e sulla tradizione umanista.
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ABSTRACT DEUTSCH:
Zweck dieser Präsentation ist es, die Grundzüge der Geschichte Tirols und der Entwicklung der Südtirol Autonomie darzustellen. Im Gebiet der Region Trentino-Südtirol leben seit Jahrhunderten drei Sprachgruppen: Italiener, Deutsche und Ladiner. Die Vielfalt an Sprachen und Kulturen stellt eine Herausforderung für jede freiheitliche Demokratie und für die Sicherung des Friedens dar. Sie ist gleichzeitig aber auch ein Prüfstein für die Zukunft Europas, dessen kultureller Reichtum ja nicht im Schmelzriegel-System der amerikanischen Einwanderung liegt, sondern auf den Schätzen verschiedenartiger Kulturen und der humanistischen Tradition aufbaut.

Collection of digitized public domain works on numismatics of Austria, Swiss, Lichtenstein and lands of Habsburg dinasty Sammlung von digitalisierten gemeinfreien Werke über Numismatik Österreich, Schweiz, Liechtenstein und Länder der... more

Collection of digitized public domain works on numismatics of Austria, Swiss, Lichtenstein and lands of Habsburg dinasty
Sammlung von digitalisierten gemeinfreien Werke über Numismatik Österreich, Schweiz, Liechtenstein und Länder der Habsburger-Dynastie

Der Beitrag analysiert den Roman von Gerhard Fritsch „Fasching“ im Kontext österreichischer Identitätsdiskurse, die sich in der Nachkriegszeit aufgrund der sogenannten Opferthese entwickelt haben. Diese Diskurse beziehen sich auf die... more

Der Beitrag analysiert den Roman von Gerhard Fritsch „Fasching“ im Kontext österreichischer Identitätsdiskurse, die sich in der Nachkriegszeit aufgrund der sogenannten Opferthese entwickelt haben. Diese Diskurse beziehen sich auf die Rolle Österreichs während der NS-Zeit und im zweiten Weltkrieg. Die narrative Konstruktion des Textes, in der drei wichtigste Aspekte dieser Diskurse zusammengeführt werden – Diffamierung der Deserteure aus dem deutschen Militär, der Mythos der ‚sauberen Wehrmacht‘ und die Frage des österreichischen Widerstandes – zeugt davon, dass der Roman programmatisch eine Demontage österreichischer Gründungs- und Identitätsmythen ansteuerte.

This book focuses on the experiences of Vienna’s Jewish population between the years 1938 and 1945. It makes the persecution, expulsion, and murder of Jewish Austrians as a result of National Socialist persecution measures visible in the... more

This book focuses on the experiences of Vienna’s Jewish population between the years 1938 and 1945. It makes the persecution, expulsion, and murder of Jewish Austrians as a result of National Socialist persecution measures visible in the physical cityscape, thereby closing a major gap in Holocaust history and in the general history of Vienna.
Until 1938, Vienna was home to one of the largest Jewish communities in Europe.
During the Holocaust, it became a testing ground for the radicalization of Nazi anti-Jewish policies. This book maps the topography of Nazi persecution as well as sites of Jewish agency and survival, thereby visualizing the destruction of Jewish Vienna as it unfolded in the cityscape. It reveals Vienna as a city contaminated by the Shoah.
The historic events that unfolded between 1938 and 1945 were connected to specific
sites and spaces: So, for example, Vienna’s famous Ringstraße became a paradigmatic site for the exclusion of Jews from professional life as well as for material expropriation
(“Aryanization”). The Mariahilfer Straße and West Station were initially sites of escape but also places connected to early deportations to the concentration camps of Dachau and
Buchenwald. Meanwhile, the Inner City became the locus of Jewish and non-Jewish aid
agencies struggling to assist Vienna’s persecuted Jews in increasingly dire circumstances. These and other sites are explored in detail across fifteen thematic chapters in the book, beginning with the “Anschluss” Pogrom and mass emigration in 1938/39, covering the mass deportations to concentration and extermination sites in 1941/42, and closing with the survival of a small remnant of the Jewish population through to 1945. The events are presented both chronologically and thematically through a variety of documents, narrative sources, photographs, and objects, thereby disseminating this novel research to a broad audience.

Geheimdienste sind oft nicht besonders kreativ bei der Wahl von Decknamen. So war es auch in diesem Fall. 1953 gab der ungarische Auslandsgeheimdienst einem neuen Agenten die Bezeichnung "Boros". Nicht besonders geistreich, denn "bor"... more

Geheimdienste sind oft nicht besonders kreativ bei der Wahl von Decknamen. So war es auch in diesem Fall. 1953 gab der ungarische Auslandsgeheimdienst einem neuen Agenten die Bezeichnung "Boros". Nicht besonders geistreich, denn "bor" bedeutet auf Ungarisch "Wein" – und das wiederum war der tatsächliche Familienname des Spions: Rudi Wein, Jahrgang 1930, Holocaust-Überlebender und später Kumpan von Udo Proksch bzw. legendärer Wirt im "Gutruf" in der Wiener Innenstadt.

In the first postwar decade, parts of the common border regions of Austria, Italy and Yugoslavia were contested between these countries, and the fate of South Tyrol, Southern Carinthia and the Julian March including Trieste was in limbo.... more

In the first postwar decade, parts of the common border regions of Austria, Italy and Yugoslavia were contested between these countries, and the fate of South Tyrol, Southern Carinthia and the Julian March including Trieste was in limbo. This volume takes a fresh look at the Alps-Adriatic region in the early Cold War. By analyzing political, diplomatic and economic questions that have been so far neglected in historiography, while also addressing broader questions related to the area, the chapters prove the interconnectedness of the disputes emerging after World War II in this conflicted European region.