Geology and Geophysics Research Papers (original) (raw)

Prabhat Rainjan Sarkar (1922-1990), a spiritual guru (also known as Shrii Shrii Anandamurti) and social philosopher, describes remarkable previously unknown facts about the evolution of the earth and human civilization, and the birthplace... more

Prabhat Rainjan Sarkar (1922-1990), a spiritual guru (also known as Shrii Shrii Anandamurti) and social philosopher, describes remarkable previously unknown facts about the evolution of the earth and human civilization, and the birthplace of the first human beings in Ráŕh, an ancient area of India. This spoken discourse “Geology and Human Civilization” was given in Anandanagar, India on 28 December 1987. – Richard Gauthier, Department of Chemistry and Physics, Santa Rosa Junior College, Santa Rosa, California, USA, September 13, 2020.

This brief review presents the international approaches to assessment of the content of geotaxis impurities (residual solvents and various inorganic and organic impurities) in pharmaceuticals. Nowadays, it has become necessary to provide... more

This brief review presents the international approaches to
assessment of the content of geotaxis impurities (residual solvents
and various inorganic and organic impurities) in pharmaceuticals.
Nowadays, it has become necessary to provide not only purity
profile but also impurity profile of a particular pharmaceutical
product because of national and international regulations. These
aspects along with significance of the quality, efficacy and safety
of pharmaceuticals, including the source of impurities, kinds
of impurities, control of impurities and regulatory aspects are
discussed.

Metamorphic processes, leading to mineralogical and structural changes of the rocks in response to physical (pressure, temperature) and chemical conditions, can be associated with the development of sin-metamorphic or post-metamorphic... more

Metamorphic processes, leading to mineralogical and structural changes of the rocks in response to physical (pressure, temperature) and chemical conditions, can be associated with the development of sin-metamorphic or post-metamorphic fractures. The post-metamorphic ones are directly related to tectonic stress. In addition, tectonic stress may cause the reorientation of minerals on a direction perpendicular to the stress direction, generating foliations (schistosity).
This paper presents a structural analysis of the pre-Alpine metamorphic basement and its relations with the sedimentary cover by using geophysical data recorded in an exploration well located in the North Dobrogea Promontory (Romania). The analysis was based on Quad-Combo wireline logs, spectral gamma ray, sonic cross-dipole and borehole electrical imaging data. The imaging analysis allowed the identification and characterization of metamorphic foliations, sedimentary bedding, natural fractures and the determination of tectonic stress orientation. A brittleness index was computed by means of elastic parameters derived from density and sonic compressional and shear logs. Also, a fracture intensity characterization by using fracture area per volume of rock was conducted. The integration of geophysical logs with mud logging and drilling data allowed us to carry out a detailed analysis of the metamorphic basement in the studied area.

The basement rocks of the southern Mount Isa terrane are concealed under younger sedimentary units and its crustal architecture is understood using constrained regional potential field analysis. Prominent N-S- to NNW-trending geophysical... more

The basement rocks of the southern Mount Isa terrane are concealed under younger sedimentary units and its crustal architecture is understood using constrained regional potential field analysis. Prominent N-S- to NNW-trending geophysical anomalies extend for ∼250 km south of the exposed Mount Isa Inlier and are abruptly terminated by the NE-trending Cork Fault. Palaeoproterozoic basinal successions and major Palaeo- to Mesoproterozoic structures recorded in the Mount Isa Inlier are interpreted to continue southward under the Palaeozoic cover. The intensely positive geophysical signature of the region is mostly attributed to shallowing of the Barramundi-aged basement and distribution of metamorphosed sedimentary and volcanic rocks deposited during the formation of the ca. 1790–1730 Ma Leichhardt Superbasin. Regional low magnetic and low gravity responses may reflect basinal sequences deposited during the formation of the ca. 1725–1690 Ma Calvert Superbasin and the ca. 1675–1595 Ma Isa Super-basin. Short wavelength magnetic anomalies and co-located low intensity Bouguer gravity anomalies are interpreted to represent shallow and variously magnetized granitic intrusions.The geophysical signature of the southern Mount Isa terrane reflects the bipartite fault architecture of the region. In the Western Fold Belt, Palaeoproterozoic multiple basin formation was controlled by west-dipping faults in half graben setting, within the NNW-trending Leichhardt River Fault Trough. To the east of the Pilgrim Fault, thick Palaeoproterozoic sedimentary and volcanic successions were controlled by major NNW-trending, east-dipping normal faults.The Mesoproterozoic Isan Orogeny reactivated the existing extensional fault network. Deformation during the ca. 1595–1580 Ma Early Isan Orogeny is not apparent in the southern Mount Isa terrane and may have been confined to the northern part of the terrane. The ca. 1570–1550 Ma Middle Isan Orogeny produced inversion of major NNW-trending rift faults and resulted in regional scale culminations. The ca. 1550–1540 Ma wrench tectonics is represented by the activation of NW- and NE-oriented strike-slip faults overprinting the prominent N-S- to NNW-oriented structures.The emplacement of elongated batholitic bodies may be coeval to the emplacement of the ca. 1540–1520 Ma Williams Supersuite recorded in the Mount Isa Inlier and thus may represent its southern extension. The southern Mount Isa terrane also appears to have been affected by post-Isan tectonics that resulted in deposition and magmatic intrusions focused along the northern side of the NE-trending Cork Fault.

The study area is located in the northern and western parts of Moldavian Platform, the oldest platform unit of the Romanian territory and representing the margin of the East European Platform. Two hydrocarbon systems are recognized in the... more

The study area is located in the northern and western parts of Moldavian Platform, the oldest platform unit of the Romanian territory and representing the margin of the East European Platform. Two hydrocarbon systems are recognized in the Moldavian Platform: a thermogenic system of Paleozoic age and a biogenic system of Miocene age. The Miocene biogenic system comprises significant natural gas fields (including dry gas with more than 98% methane), reservoired especially in Sarmatian (late Middle Miocene) deposits, where suitable conditions for accumulation and sealing are encountered. The Sarmatian stage was marked by permanent changes of the sedimentary conditions, passing from a predominantly marine environment to a transitional one, of deltaic type with lacustrine-continental influences. The gas accumulations are usually hosted in sands/sandstones (observed as good seismic reflectors with continuous or discontinuous character) that pinch out forming lithostratigraphic traps. The sand beds or sand bodies formed during the deltaic construction, especially when they overlap and alternate with pelitic sequences, offer the most favorable settings for such accumulations.
The integrated analysis of recent geophysical well logs (conventional logs and high-resolution electrical imaging logs) and seismic reflection surveys, together with mud logging data and well flow test results, allow a better characterization of the Sarmatian deposits, particularly the gas reservoirs, from the study area. The correlation of three exploration wells along a NW–SE profile indicates that a low-energy, fine-grained depositional environment is developing towards SE, with a prevalence of claystones and with fewer sand reservoirs, if any. This may reflect a deltaic transition from distributary channels and mouth bar sands towards prodelta offshore silts and muds. The processed electrical imaging data recorded in the northernmost exploration well show two dominant dip azimuths (142 and, subordinately, 218 degrees) in the shale intervals. Most likely, these indicate NW to SE and NE to SW sediment paleotransport directions, related to seaward delta progradation. The electrical imaging results also reveal the presence of two high-angle faults (48–54 degrees dip values), which might have provided pathways for gas migration from deeper levels up to shallower Sarmatian reservoirs.

2D seismic refraction data, from seven traverse lines, were used to investigate subsurface geology in the Appollonian Formation of the onshore Tano Basin of Ghana. Tano Basin is one of the four basins of Ghana and the most important one... more

2D seismic refraction data, from seven traverse lines, were used to investigate subsurface geology in the Appollonian Formation of the onshore Tano Basin of Ghana. Tano Basin is one of the four basins of Ghana and the most important one when it comes to oil potential of Ghana. The survey covered approximately a total area of about 113,000 m 2. With the exception of one traverse line which had the length of 60 m, each of the remaining traverse lines had a length of 120m. The results from the data analysis indicated that, the surveyed area is underlain by three geological units although results from two traverse lines revealed two geological units. The P-wave velocity of the first layer ranges between 335.00-468.00 m/s and the average velocity of 391.57 m/s. It has a thickness range of 5.0-27.5 m with an average thickness of 16.25 m. The layer is interpreted as a weathered layer and consist of soil and dry loose sand which might be formed as beach deposit. The second layer has P-wave velocity range of 590.00-1133.00 m/s and the average velocity of 881.71 m/s. The layer thickness ranges between 14.5-31.0 m and the average of 25.80 m. The layer may consist of unconsolidated water-saturated sand and clay. The last layer detected by this survey has P-wave velocity range of 1068.00-2724.00 m/s and the average of 2074.20 m/s. The layer is interpreted as the bedrock underlining the surveyed area. The layer may consist of gravel, sandstone and limestone.

Sedimentary basins are suitable to different degrees for CO2 geological sequestration as a result of various intrinsic and extrinsic characteristics. This paper preliminarily screened and ranked the Chad Basin of Nigeria sector based on... more

Sedimentary basins are suitable to different degrees for CO2 geological sequestration as a result of various intrinsic and extrinsic characteristics. This paper preliminarily screened and ranked the Chad Basin of Nigeria sector based on Bachu (2003) ranking and screening criteria adapted which includes factors such as tectonic setting, basin size and depth, geology, hydrogeology, hydrocarbon potentials, climate, geothermal, existing resources and industry maturity. For each criterion i (i = 1…5) used for the evaluation of basin suitability, monotonically – increasing numerical function fi is assigned, which are continuous or discrete, to describe a value placed on a specific class j for that criterion. The lowest and the highest functions of this functions characterize the worst and best class in terms of suitability for that criterion, i.e. fi,1 = min (fi), where and fi,n = max (fi); where ( n = 3, 4 or 5).The criteria relate to either the containment security, the volume of storage capacity achievable, or considering the economic or technological feasibility. The results shows that Chad basin has Rk score value of 0.53 against the fi, n = max (fi) value equal to 1 as highest value of the function characterize the best in terms of suitability for the criterion in which this ranking are based on. Regional screening and ranking of the entire basins are recommended while detailed local site characterisation of the basin is needed to assess its overall suitability for CO2 sequestration potentials, since countries like Cameroon, Central African Republic, Niger, Chad, and Nigeria shares the basin on regional level
Keywords: Chad Basin, Nigeria, CO2 geological sequestration, Criterion, Ranking and Screening

Small, low cost Autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) provide ideal platforms for shallow water survey, as they are capable of unmanned navigation and can be programmed to acquire data at constant depth, or constant altitude above the... more

Small, low cost Autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) provide ideal platforms for shallow water survey, as they are capable of unmanned navigation and can be programmed to acquire data at constant depth, or constant altitude above the seabed. AUVs can be deployed under most sea states and are unaffected by vessel motions that often degrade sonar and magnetometer data quality. The integration of sonar and magnetometer sensors on AUV’s is challenging, however, due to limited payload and strong magnetic fields produced by the vehicle motor.
In this study, a Marine Magnetics Explorer Overhauser magnetometer was mated to a portable AUV (OceanServer Iver2) creating the first practical AUV- deployed magnetic survey system. To eliminate magnetic interference from the AUV, the magnetometer was tethered to the AUV with a 5 m tow cable, as determined by static and dynamic instrument testing. The results of the magnetic tests are presented, along with field data from a shallow water test area in Lake Ontario near Toronto, Canada. AUV-acquired magnetic survey data were compared directly with a conventional boat-towed magnetic survey of the same area. The AUV magnetic data were of superior quality despite being collected in rough weather conditions that would have made conventional survey impossible. The resulting high-resolution total magnetic intensity and analytic signal maps clearly identify several buried and surface ferrometallic targets that were verified in 500-kHz side- scan sonar imaging and visual inspection by divers.

The goal of this senior thesis research project was to establish the practicality and applicability of ESA's free remote sensing software using free SAR data provided by Sentinel-1 satellites, by working through the tutorials provided on... more

The goal of this senior thesis research project was to establish the practicality and applicability of ESA's free remote sensing software using free SAR data provided by Sentinel-1 satellites, by working through the tutorials provided on their website and attempt to apply their software in not so ideal environments for remote sensing. Temperate zones where the vegetative index is higher, and as result increases noise, is an example of a not so ideal environment. We have determined from past studies, that conducting remote sensing analysis in temperate zones require one to strategically choose a temporal baseline of about 1-3 months with the optimal season falling in between fall and winter when vegetative cover is low. Also encountered, was the limited availability of stripmap data within ESA's Open Access Hub. Due to multiple errors encountered while trying to process our interferograms by Phase Unwrapping in SNAPHU, along with time constraints, the software was not tested in a temperate region using readily available data. Further work must be conducted to fully assess the practicality and applicability of ESA's free remote sensing software.

The electromagnetic profiling and Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) data were acquired from some communities in the Twifo-Hemang Lower Denkyira District of the Central region of Ghana, in order to determine zones of high groundwater... more

The electromagnetic profiling and Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) data were acquired from some communities in the Twifo-Hemang Lower Denkyira District of the Central region of Ghana, in order to determine zones of high groundwater potentials and to recommend suitable sites to drill boreholes for community water supply. The research reported here covered three communities namely; Esukese Ekyire, Kwanyarko. First the electromagnetic measurements were carried out, qualitative interpretations of the data were carried out and weathered rock zones were identified. Then the VES measurements using Schlumberger array were conducted at points on the electromagnetic traverse that displayed weathered zones. ZONDIP1D software was used in creating 1D sounding curve models of geological subsurface structures beneath the sounding points. Results of the modelling suggest that the communities are underlain by three to four geological layers. Interpretations of the 1D inversion of the VES data provide the resistivities and thicknesses of subsurface layers. On the basis of resistivity values and thicknesses of the layers in the 1D models, sites were recommended to drill boreholes for community water supply.

The identification of fluid contacts (gas–water contact—GWC, oil–water contact—OWC and gas–oil contact—GOC) is essential for field reserve estimates and field development and, also, for detailed formation evaluation. For the accurate... more

The identification of fluid contacts (gas–water contact—GWC, oil–water contact—OWC and gas–oil contact—GOC) is essential for field reserve estimates and field development and, also, for detailed formation evaluation. For the accurate calculation of some petrophysical parameters, such as porosity, the reservoir interval has to be zoned by fluid type, to account for differences in fluid saturations and fluid properties (e.g., hydrogen index, density, sonic transit time) in the various intervals: gas cap, oil column and aquifer zone. The fluid contacts may vary over a reservoir either because of faults, semipermeable barriers, rock quality variations / reservoir heterogeneity, hydrocarbon-filling history or a hydrodynamic activity. Horizontal contacts are typically taken into consideration, although irregular or tilted contacts occur in some reservoirs. The methods used for determining the fluid contacts include fluid sampling, water and hydrocarbons saturation estimation from geophysical well logs, analyses of conventional or sidewall cores, and formation pressure measurements. The pressure profiles obtained with various formation testing tools over reservoir intervals are, frequently, the primary source of data for defining the fluid contacts. When good quality pressure data can be collected, the fluid contacts can be determined by identifying the depths at which the pressure gradients (pressure versus depth trends) change. This study addresses some issues related to the identification of GWC for two gas fields of Early Pliocene age (Dacian stage), belonging to the biogenic hydrocarbon system of western Black Sea basin-Romanian continental shelf. We show that the identification of these contacts based exclusively on pressure gradients analysis is uncertain or may be inaccurate. The pressure gradients approach should be checked against the results of the conventional interpretation of geophysical well logs (e.g. changes in the computed fluid saturations as a function of depth) and, if available, the results of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) log investigations, which are able to indicate the intervals with clay-bound water, capillary-bound water and movable fluids.

Electromagnetic (EM) profi ling and Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) studies were carried out for groundwater exploration in the Twifo-Hemang Lower Denkyira Districts of Ghana. These two geophysical methods were used for exploring the... more

Electromagnetic (EM) profi ling and Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) studies were carried out for groundwater exploration in the Twifo-Hemang Lower Denkyira Districts of Ghana. These two geophysical methods were used for exploring the groundwater potentials beneath Achiase Community, Mbaa Mpe Hia Community and Moseaso Community. This paper seeks to encourage the use of inversion for interpreting electromagnetic data rather than the usual qualitative interpretation method using line graphs and also the use of apparent resistivity maps as 2D pseudo resistivity maps to support interpretations of the 1D inversion results (in cases where the available budget could not permit 2D and or 3D inversion). These would help in enhancement of obtained results, reduce ambiguity and help decision making. The EM results revealed that; the three communities are underlain by two layers with the fi rst layer having the thickness range between 2 to 10 m and the second layer is a half space. The results from VES studies indicate that; Achiase Community and Mbaa Mpe Hia No. 2 community are underlain by three geoelectrical layers and Moseaso Community is underlain by four geoelectrical layers. On the basis of this study the Moseaso Community is ranked highest in terms of groundwater potential followed by the Achiase community and fi nally the Mbaa Mpe Hia No.2 Community. Several sites were recommended for drilling boreholes for water supply in these communities.

Jurnal GEOFISIKA adalah jurnal ilmiah yang diterbitkan oleh Himpunan Ahli Geofisika Indonesia (HAGI). Jurnal ini diperuntukkan sebagai sarana publikasi dan komunikasi ilmiah di bidang geofisika secara luas mulai dari topik-topik teoritik... more

Jurnal GEOFISIKA adalah jurnal ilmiah yang diterbitkan oleh Himpunan Ahli Geofisika Indonesia (HAGI). Jurnal ini diperuntukkan sebagai sarana publikasi dan komunikasi ilmiah di bidang geofisika secara luas mulai dari topik-topik teoritik dan fundamental sampai dengan topik-topik yang terkait dengan penerapan geofisika di berbagai bidang. Makalah yang dimuat dalam jurnal GEOFISIKA dapat berupa hasil penelitian yang orisinal, tinjauan (review) tentang kemajuan terkini dari suatu topik
tertentu, studi kasus penerapan metoda geofisika, serta resensi tentang buku atau perangkat lunak yang berkaitan dengan geofisika. Makalah hendaknya dikirimkan ke alamat sekretariat redaksi atau ke salah satu dari editor pelaksana. Makalah dapat diserahkan dalam bentuk cetakan (hardcopy) atau dalam file komputer (soft-copy). Setiap makalah yang diterima akan ditinjau kelayakannya melalui proses review yang ketat oleh pakar-pakar bidang yang terkait.

This How-To Guide introduces you to the montaj Geophysics™ extension, which provides a range of filters, statistical tools and 2D and 3D section display tools for working with large-volume geophysical data. For more information on... more

This How-To Guide introduces you to the montaj Geophysics™ extension, which provides a range of filters, statistical tools and 2D and 3D section display tools for working with large-volume geophysical data. For more information on preparing data and applying filters, see the Preparing Data and Applying Filters with montaj Geophysics How-To Guide. "Spatial" 1D Filters enable field geophysicists to process data by applying a variety of space (time) domain filters (linear and non-linear). The 1D FFT Filters enables you to apply a variety of Fourier domain filters to one-dimensional (line) potential field and other data. A variety of geostatistical tools provide the ability to view summary and advanced statistics, including multivariate histogram analysis, scatter and triplot statistical analysis, and the ability to subset data interactively from maps based on text code, regions or map group classification. You can also grid and display curved or crooked sections in 2D maps or 3D views. This provides a more accurate representation in 2D and 3D by ensuring that data are correctly positioned along the survey line. These sections support full data linking between all displays of the data including: plan maps, sections and 3D views. System Capabilities and Concepts The montaj Geophysics software extension provides a range of filters and statistical tools for working with large-volume geophysical data. Spatial 1D Filters enable field geophysicists to process data by applying a variety of space domain filters (linear and non-linear). The 1D FFT menu enables you to apply a variety of Fourier domain filters to one-dimensional (line) potential field and other data. A variety of geostatistical tools provide the ability to generate summary and advanced statistics, including histograms, scatter and triplots, and the ability to subset data based on code or map group classification. This How-To Guide is targeted to Earth Science professionals who are familiar with geophysical data processing methods and who want to apply Fourier domain linear filters to process and interpret one-dimensional (line) potential field data from magnetic and gravity surveys. To use this package effectively, you should be familiar with Fourier domain filtering concepts and methods including Fast Fourier Transforms. You should also have an appreciation of how to apply filters for numerical analysis and interpretation of line data. Understanding 1-Dimensional Fast Fourier Transform Filtering Fourier filtering techniques are an important tool to geophysicists who work with potential field (gravity and magnetic) data. Fourier filtering techniques provide an effective means of processing and interpreting data that is broadband in nature (i.e. each observation contains the effects from all magnetic or gravity sources that produce a response above the noise level at the point of observation). By transforming data to the Fourier domain (through the use of a Fast Fourier Transform, or FFT), we can deal with the data as a function of wavenumber, or wavelength. In this form, there are a number of manipulations that can be applied to enhance information that is of interest, remove information that

Abstrak-Cekungan Banyumas merupakan cekungan sedimen yang terletak di bagian selatan daratan Jawa Tengah, Indonesia. Cekungan Banyumas mempunyai cukup banyak rembesan minyak dan gas bumi, serta sudah ada 5 (lima) sumur minyak yang dibor... more

Abstrak-Cekungan Banyumas merupakan cekungan sedimen yang terletak di bagian selatan daratan Jawa Tengah, Indonesia. Cekungan Banyumas mempunyai cukup banyak rembesan minyak dan gas bumi, serta sudah ada 5 (lima) sumur minyak yang dibor namun belum menemukan cadangan yang ekonomis. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendapatkan gambaran yang lebih jelas mengenai sejarah geologi Cekungan Banyumas berdasarkan data-data di lapangan, serta mengetahui bagaimana implikasinya terhadap sistem minyak dan gas buminya. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode pemetaan geologi permukaan yang dikombinasikan dengan data-data bawah permukaan dari data sekunder publikasi sebelumnya. Hasil penelitian adalah Cekungan Banyumas pada awalnya merupakan laut dalam, kemudian mulai membentuk cekungan lentur pada umur Oligosen akhir yaitu pada saat terbentuknya Pegunungan Selatan. Saat umur Miosen juga terbentuk busur vulkanik yang lain di sebelah utara Pegunungan Selatan dan terus bergerak ke utara sampai menjadi gunung saat ini yaitu Gunung Slamet. Kesimpulannya Cekungan Banyumas merupakan Island arc flexure basin atau volcanic arc flexure basin dengan sistem minyak dan gas bumi yang potensial. Kata kunci-Cekungan Banyumas, sejarah geologi, cekungan lentur, busur vulkanik, sistem minyak dan gas bumi. Abstract-The Banyumas Basin is a sedimentary basin located in the southern part onshore of Central Java, Indonesia. The Banyumas Basin has prolific oil and gas seeps and there has been 5 (five) wells drilled but found no economical yet reserves. The objective of this research is to get clearer about geological history of Banyumas Basin based on field data and to know how is the implication to its petroleum systems. The research method is surface geological mapping combined with subsurface data from secondary data in previous publication. The results of the study are Banyumas Basin was originally a deep sea which then began to form a flexure basin at Late Oligocene, when the Southern Mountains raised. At the age of the Miocene, another volcanic arc formed in the north of the Southern Mountains and continued to move to the north and become the recent mountain, namely Mount Slamet. The conclusion is Banyumas Basin is a Island arc flexure basin or volcanic arc flexure basin with potential petroleum systems.

Karangsambung is one of the three oldest exposed rock locations in Java, in addition to Bayat and Ciletuh. Besides the old age of the rocks, the types of rocks that are exposed are also unique,because the rocks usually formed at the... more

Karangsambung is one of the three oldest exposed rock locations in Java, in addition to Bayat and Ciletuh. Besides the old age of the rocks, the types of rocks that are exposed are also unique,because the rocks usually formed at the bottom of the ocean. It is an interesting question how rocks at the bottom of the ocean can be exposed to the surface. To answer this problem, a preliminary study was conducted to find out the process of the disclosure of these old rocks in Karangsambung. The research methods used are (1) descriptive method; comparing the geometry of distribution and pattern of geological structures with structural models, (2) measuring several samples of geological structures in old rocks to determine their structural patterns and (3) interpretation of subsurface data by gravity methods to support interpretation. In addition to these methods, secondary data from previous researchers are also used for interpretation. The results of the descriptive method show that the geometry and structural patterns in Karangsambung was matched to the positive flower structure model in the sinistral strike-slip system and as an isostatic effect of Karangsambung rise is the drawned of Southern Mountains among Karangbolong-Nusakambangan. Several measurements of shear fractures in phylit rocks also show the existence of fault patterns with N 70 E direction, accordance with the regional pattern. Regional gravity anomaly data indicate the existence of high anomaly in the Karangsambung area due to the uplifting process. Abstrak Karangsambung merupakan salah satu dari tiga lokasi tersingkapnya batuan tertua di Jawa, selain Bayat dan Ciletuh. Selain umur batuannya yang tua, jenis batuan yang tersingkap juga unik, yaitu batuan-batuan yang terbentuknya di dasar samudra. Menjadi pertanyaan menarik bagaimana batuan yang berada di dasar samudera dapat tersingkap sampai di permukaan. Untuk menjawab masalah tersebut, maka dilakukan studi pendahuluan untuk mengetahui proses tersingkapnya batuan-batuan tua ini di Karangsambung. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah (1) metode deskriptif; membandingkan geometri sebaran dan pola struktur geologi dengan model struktur, (2) mengukur beberapa sampel struktur geologi pada batuan tua untuk mengetahui pola strukturnya dan (3) interpretasi data bawah permukaan metode gravitasi untuk mendukung interpretasi. Selain metode tersebut, data sekunder dari hasil peneliti terdahulu juga digunakan untuk interpretasi. Hasil metode deskriptif menunjukkan geometri sebaran dan pola struktur yang ada di Karangsambung sangat cocok dengan model positive flower structure pada sistem patahan geser mengiri dan sebagai efek isostasinya Karangsambung naik ke permukaan adalah dengan tenggelamnya Pegunungan Selatan antara Karangbolong-Nusakambangan. Beberapa pengukuran kekar gerus di batuan filit juga menunjukkan adanya pola patahan yang berarah N 70 E sesuai dengan pola struktur regionalnya. Data anomali gravitasi regional menunjukkan adanya anomali tinggian di daerah Karangsambung akibat proses pengangkatan. Kata kunci: Karangsambung, Positive Flower Structure, sesar geser kiri, Pegunungan Selatan. PENDAHULUAN Karangsambung merupakan tempat yang istimewa bagi seluruh geolog di Indonesia, karena di tempat inilah terdapat singkapan batuan tertua di Jawa dan variasi batuan yang menunjukkan daerah subduksi di dasar samudera. Pertanyaannya adalah bagaimana mekanismenya sehingga batuan yang pada awalnya berada di dasar samudera kemudian dapat tersingkap di permukaan dengan pola sebaran seperti yang dapat kita lihat sekarang ini. Secara umum, pertanyaan tersebut dapat dijawab bahwa yang membuat batuan di Karangsambung terangkat adalah suatu proses struktur geologi, namun apa jenisnya? dan bagaimana sejarah geologinya?. Hal tersebut menjadi permasalahan yang harus dijawab oleh para geolog di Indonesia. Pada paper ini, penulis

Geophysical methods have been used with increasing frequency in archaeology since 1946; aerial photography has been used since 1919. The geophysical methods that are most commonly used at present are electrical resistivity, magnetics, and... more

Geophysical methods have been used with increasing frequency in archaeology since 1946; aerial photography has been used since 1919. The geophysical methods that are most commonly used at present are electrical resistivity, magnetics, and ground-probing radar. Magnetic detectors, particularly when used in
a gradient mode or with a continuously recording base station, are used at almost all sites where any geophysical methods are used. Portable, noncontacting electromagnetic soil-conductivity systems are also being increasingly used because of their very high rate of data acquisition. Less commonly used methods
include self-potential (sometimes called spontaneous potential), microgravity, radiometric, thermal infrared imagery, and sonic or seismic techniques. Recent developments in image processing and graphic representation have contributed substantially to the archaeologist’s ability to do “rescue archaeology,” that is, to carry out high-speed, nondestructive reconnaissance surveys for ancient human cultural evidence in advance of modern industrial development.

Zemin, Zeminlerin Oluşum Mekanizmaları, Zeminlerin Mühendislik Özellikleri, Zemin Mühendisliği, Zemin Türleri, Zeminlerde Yapı ve Doku, Zeminlerin Oluşumu, Zemin Sınıflandırma Sistemleri, Zemin Mekaniği, Zemin ve Temel İlişkisi, Temel... more

Zemin, Zeminlerin Oluşum Mekanizmaları, Zeminlerin Mühendislik Özellikleri, Zemin Mühendisliği, Zemin Türleri, Zeminlerde Yapı ve Doku, Zeminlerin Oluşumu, Zemin Sınıflandırma Sistemleri, Zemin Mekaniği, Zemin ve Temel İlişkisi, Temel Türleri, Zemin ve Temel Arasındaki İlişki, Zemin ve Deprem İzolatörlü Temel, Zeminin Taşıma Gücü, Zemin Büyütmesi, Zemin Büyütmesi ve Deprem-Sismik Dalgalar İlişkisi, İdeal Zemin Nasıl Olmalıdır? Bozuk/Çürük/Deforme/Dirençsiz/Sağlam Olmayan Zeminler Nasıl Anlaşılır? Jeoteknik Uygulamalarda Karşılaşılan Zemin Problemleri, Zemin İyileştirme Yöntemleri Nelerdir? Zemin İyileştirme Nedir? Zemin İyileştirmesinin Amaçları Nelerdir? Zemin İyileştirme Yöntemlerinin Sınıflandırılması, Zemin İyileştirme Yönteminin Seçimi, Zemin İyileştirme Uygulamaları, Zemin Türlerine Göre Zemin İyileştirme Uygulamaları, Uygun Zemin İyileştirme Yönteminin Seçimi, Zemin İyileştirmesinin Başarısı ve Etkileri, Zemin İyileştirmesi Uygulamalarından Örnekler, Zemin İyileştirme Uygulamalarının Denetimi, Ankara, Türkay Ercan Şengöz (Türkay Ercan Şengöz tarafından yayımlanan her çeşit harita, bilgi ve belgelerin her hakkı saklıdır. Her ne şekilde ve amaçla olursa olsun bu bilgi ve belgelerin kaynak belirtilmeden kullanılması, yazılı izin alınmadan elektronik, optik, mekanik veya diğer yollarla dağıtılması, çoğaltılması, basılması, değiştirilmesi, paylaşılması, kopyalanması ve internet sitelerinde kullanılması durumunda gerekli hukuki yollara başvurulacak ve yasal işlem başlatılacaktır. Önemle duyurulur. Bu platformda veya diğer platformlarda paylaşmış olduğum tez veya akademik kapsamdaki çalışmalarımın içerisindeki bütün bilgilerin etik davranış ve akademik kurallar çerçevesinde elde edilerek sunulduğunu, akademik çalışmalarımın tez yazım kurallarına uygun olarak hazırlandığını hatırlatıyor, bana ait olan her türlü ifade ve bilginin kaynağına eksiksiz atıf yapılması gerektiğini bildiriyor, sevgi ve saygılarımı sunuyorum.)

Penelitian pemetaan CAT Gorontalo yang telah dilakukan bertujuan untuk memetakan akuifer air tanah di Kota Gorontalo berdasarkan nilai tahan jenis batuan dari hasil pemetaan geologi bawah permukaan dengan menggunakan Geolistrik yang... more

Penelitian pemetaan CAT Gorontalo yang telah dilakukan bertujuan untuk memetakan akuifer air tanah di Kota Gorontalo berdasarkan nilai tahan jenis batuan dari hasil pemetaan geologi bawah permukaan dengan menggunakan Geolistrik yang sebelumnya dilakukan survey geologi menyangkut data geomorfologi, stratigrafi dan struktur geologi. Pengambilan data geolistrik sebanyak 8 titik sounding yang telah dibuat menjadi 3 lintasan. Hasil bawah permukaan dari data tahanan jenis diolah dengan menggunakan Softwere IP2Win yang menghasilkan model perlapisan bawah permukaan (2D) kemudian di olah dengan Softwere Surfer 11 untuk menampilakan model 3D akuifer Kota Gorontalo. Pengambilan data sumur untuk mengetahui penyebaran airtanah pada CAT Gorontalo telah dilakukan sebanyak 200 titik sumur yakni data koordinat dan kedalam muka airtanah. Berdasarkan hasil interpretasi data geolistrik bahwa pada titik sounding 1,2,3,4,7 dan 8 tersusun oleh batuan alluvial yang terdiri dari lempung, batupasir, pasirlempungan dan kerikilpasiran yang merupakan akiufer pada CAT Gorontalo. Pada titik sounding 6 dan titik 8 tersusun oleh batugamping dan granit yang sebagai batuan induk. Arah aliran muka airtanah berasal dari perbukitan bagian utara Kota Gorontalo sebagai daerah Recharge Area.
Kata Kunci : Geologi, Geolistrik, akuifer, Airtanah.

We investigate the potential usefulness of Principal Component Analysis (PCA) method in providing meaningful petrophysical information, in addition to the results obtained via conventional well log interpretation, or to constrain and... more

We investigate the potential usefulness of Principal Component Analysis (PCA) method in providing meaningful petrophysical information, in addition to the results obtained via conventional well log interpretation, or to constrain and validate such results. We applied PCA to a geophysical logging data set recorded in a natural gas exploration well drilled in the NW part of Moldavian Platform-Romania. The first principal components of the data seem to respond to major lithological changes or shale/clay content variations, whereas the higher-order principal components most likely reflect fluid-related data variability, such as fluids type and/or volume. The results of this study suggest that PCA may successfully complement the standard log interpretation and formation evaluation methods.

Dalam laporan praktikum ini digunakan metode sederhana untuk menentukan porositas, resistivitas, dan konduktivitas thermal batuan.

A total of five borehole samples were collected from five towns in Owerri metropolis, South-eastern Nigeria and subjected to physio-chemical analysis using atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS) and other standard equipment with the... more

A total of five borehole samples were collected from five towns in Owerri metropolis, South-eastern Nigeria and subjected to physio-chemical analysis using atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS) and other standard equipment with the aim of characterizing and analysing the groundwater quality indicators. These quality indicators are namely: pH, temperature, total hardness, turbidity, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, total suspended solids, dissolved oxygen, Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+, HCO3-, SO42-, Cl-, NO3-, Fe2+, Zn2+, Pb2+, Cu2+, Mn2+, and Cr2+. With the aid of geochemical diagrams acquired using Aquachem 2014.2, we classified the groundwater samples into their respective hydrogeochemical facies, identified their relative similarity and demonstrated the irrigability of the groundwater. The results showed that the groundwater quality indicators occur in the groundwater in amounts that fall within their respective permissible limits as set by World Health Organization (WHO) Drinking Water Standard, and therefore ascertained the groundwater portable and suitable for drinking. The pH of the groundwater has a mean value of 6.7 with a standard deviation of 0.26. The relative abundance of the majority of cations follows this sequence - Na+ > Ca2+ > K+ > Mg2+, while that of the anions follow this sequence - HCO3- > Cl- > SO42- > NO3-. Heavy metals constituents of the groundwater follow this order of relative abundance - Zn2+ > Fe2+ > Mn2+ > Cu2+ > Cr2+ > Pb2+. Three hydrogeochemical facies were identified in the area and they are: the Na+—Cl- water type, the Mixed Ca2+-Na+-HCO3- water type and the Ca2+-Mg2+-HCO3- water type. Great similarities were identified between the geochemical composition of the samples and they are all evidently suitable for irrigation purposes. The TDS level and concentration of Ca2+, Mg2+ and Cl- demonstrated the freshness and softness of the groundwater, with no laxative effects. From series of computations and plots, silicate weathering and seawater intrusion were deduced to be the dominant factors controlling the groundwater chemistry, though there is evidence of poor rock dissolution – immature water-rock equilibrium.

Abstract: The present paper focuses on groundwater exploration using scientific methods. The area decide for the study, Anjani and Jhiri river basin, which comes under hard rock terrain from Maharashtra province,... more

Abstract: The present paper focuses on groundwater exploration using scientific methods. The area decide for the study, Anjani and Jhiri river basin, which comes under hard rock terrain from Maharashtra province, India. In this regards to conduct the hydrogeological and hydrogeophysical survey to understand the groundwater condition in the area. The aquifer geometry in the study area has been interpreted by carrying out 1D resistivity sounding using the conventional four electrode resistivity meter. The resistivity measurements obtained in sounding have been interpreted by curve
matching technique to calculate the layer parameters (resistivity and thickness) and subsequently to
reconstruct the depth sections of the profiles. Based on the range of resistivity values, the weathered and fractured zones are interpreted. The contacts between certain saturated and dry formation zones having different resistivity values can be identified from the resistivity section.
Keywords: Geophysical survey, 1D resistivity sounding, VES cross section, groundwater explorations, Anjani and Jhiri River, Maharashtra, India

Salt water intrusions of marine origin are a major cause of contamination for coastal fresh water aquifers. They are generated mainly by the uncontrolled exploitation of fresh water in pumping stations from coastal areas. In Romania, such... more

Salt water intrusions of marine origin are a major cause of contamination for coastal fresh water aquifers. They are generated mainly by the uncontrolled exploitation of fresh water in pumping stations from coastal areas. In Romania, such marine intrusions have occurred in the southern part of Black Sea's coastline, in the area of Vama Veche and Costineşti resorts, contaminating the main aquifers which are hosted within Sarmatian (late Middle Miocene) lumachelic and oolitic limestones. Fresh water exploitation management requires the identification, mapping and monitoring of marine intrusions. These are achievable by means of an adequate application of geoelectrical methods, because sea water intrusions lead to major variations of the aquifers resistivity. Apparent resistivity surveys such as electrical profiling and vertical electrical sounding (VES) are able to delineate the areal extent of these intrusions and to identify the approximate depth of the fresh water/salt water interface. Assuming the subsurface geology consists of horizontal and homogeneous layers, the VES apparent resistivity data can be interpreted in terms of layer thicknesses and true resistivities, i.e. a one-dimensional (1-D) geoelectrical model with a stepwise variation of true resistivity with depth. The optimal model is obtained by repeated forward modeling trials or through the inversion of measured apparent resistivities.
This paper presents an algorithm and a set of software applications for the forward modeling of VES apparent resistivity curves, by using digital linear filtering. The codes were elaborated in MATLAB programming environment and allow the calculation of the theoretical VES response for horizontally-layered geological media with virtually unlimited number of layers, including layers with a quasi-continuous resistivity variation. The latter option can be used to simulate particular hydrogeological situations regarding the sea water intrusions in fresh water aquifers, which often show a mixing/transition zone of variable salinity and resistivity. The interpretation of VES curves recorded in Vama Veche area by using the elaborated software indicates that the sea water intrusion occurs at more than 50 m depth. This agrees with water wells tests which confirm the presence of salt water at 40–60 m depth in that area.

This paper addresses some formation evaluation challenges and petrophysical particularities regarding two gas fields of Early Pliocene age, belonging to the biogenic hydrocarbon system of Western Black Sea Basin-Romanian continental... more

This paper addresses some formation evaluation challenges and petrophysical particularities regarding two gas fields of Early Pliocene age, belonging to the biogenic hydrocarbon system of Western Black Sea Basin-Romanian continental shelf. Although these structures are located at the same depth and only 15 km apart, the wells that intercepted the sands and silts gas-bearing reservoirs indicate an important lateral facies variation and different reservoir qualities. We analyzed and interpreted data from exploration and appraisal wells that targeted these reservoirs, showing that: (1) there is a limited radioactivity contrast between the reservoir and non-reservoir intervals, so a clay volume determination based solely on the gamma ray log is not practical; (2) the reservoirs are characterized by high capillary-bound water contents, leading sometimes to abnormally low resistivity readings; (3) an additional resistivity suppression might be caused by the limited vertical resolution of the electrical logging tools, in the presence of thinly laminated sand-shale intervals; (4) the identification of gas-water contacts based exclusively on pressure gradients may be inaccurate and should be checked against the results of conventional geophysical logs interpretation and of nuclear magnetic resonance logs, for delineating the intervals with bound water or with movable fluids.

Groundwater regions in coastal aquifers are highly vulnerable with increase in urbanization, industrialization and sea water intrusion. The present study attempts to evaluate the vulnerability of groundwater in a coastal watershed of... more

Groundwater regions in coastal aquifers are highly vulnerable with increase in urbanization, industrialization and sea water intrusion. The present study attempts to evaluate the vulnerability of groundwater in a coastal watershed of shrimp farming areas. The study area is categorized in the GIS-based AHP environment into three ranges (high, medium, and low vulnerability) using various groundwater parameters such as electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), sodium percentage (Na%), total hardness (TH), revelle coefficient , sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), permeability index (PI), and residual sodium carbonate (RSC) and their recommended limits. GIS-based AHP weighted index overlay analysis technique has been proven to be a powerful tool to evaluate the distribution of groundwater vulnerability in the study area. The high vulnerable areas were noted in downstream with a strong contamination of the seawater intrusion along the coastal zone and in proximity of the river. Multivariate statistical techniques are also applied to identify and assess the groundwater vulnerability of the study area. The factor analysis revealed that groundwater quality is strongly affected by rock–water interaction, saline water intrusion, and anthropo-genic activities. The spatial distribution map of factor-scores showed the gradual variation in groundwater geochemistry from the western part (upstream) to the eastern part (downstream) of the river. The results from the present study revealed that shrimp farming areas have very least or no impact on the groundwater of the region.

Carbonate rocks is a common designation for limestone, to avoid the distinction between dolomite (which is already experiencing changes in chemical composition because of the replacement of calcium by magnesium) and pure limestone... more

Carbonate rocks is a common designation for limestone, to avoid the distinction between dolomite (which is already
experiencing changes in chemical composition because of the replacement of calcium by magnesium) and pure
limestone (calcium carbonate). Therefore highly soluble carbonate rocks and brittle, so these rocks often have a very
large porosity, which is known as "channels" or "vugs". Due to the nature of the fragility (brittle), the carbonate rocks
are often found cracks (fractures). Data processing using Petrel software 2009, which is capable to describe the
condition of structure, geometri shape and stratigraphy traps sufficiently well. Log patterns indicate a Keep-up
Carbonate shelf, where coral growth rate equal to the rate of relative sea level rise. While the configuration in the
seismic facies indicate parallel patterns and wavy, formed by coating deposited on the basic conditions of uniform
reduction in deposition or precipitation in the basin of the stable. Well log and seismic analysis describes the
condition of the structure and thickness of carbonate rocks in the area, so known areas of geometric shapes and their
hydrocarbon prospects in this reservoir. Hydrocarbon traps clearly visible on the horizon 1 (JF-01). Visible in
seismic, the form of brighspot the anticline crest which is described as a stratigraphic trap. Reflection shows a pattern
of upward curvature. It explains the process of hydrocarbon migration is blocked due to the top of the anticline
structure formed by tectonic processes. Furthermore, the structure deter hydrocarbons migrate to another place so
caught up in these areas.

Integrating conventional well log interpretation with high-resolution borehole electrical image analysis enables a complex understanding of the geological formations intercepted by exploration wells. Whereas conventional geophysical well... more

Integrating conventional well log interpretation with high-resolution borehole electrical image analysis enables a complex understanding of the geological formations intercepted by exploration wells. Whereas conventional geophysical well logs allow the determination of the main reservoir parameters and the fluids distribution, borehole imaging serves as a valuable tool in sedimentary features identification and interpretation, regional dip determination, structural and tectonic elements identification, as well as the analysis of borehole failures (such as breakouts and natural or drilling-induced fractures) related to tectonic stress in a particular area. In addition to conventional well log interpretation, we have carried out a detailed analysis of the borehole electrical imaging data for a gas exploration well drilled in Sarmatian (late Middle Miocene) deltaic deposits from northwestern Moldavian Platform, Romania. 1100 borehole features were picked and interpreted across a 196 m interval (386–582 m depth) covered by the borehole image. The number of picks provided a satisfactory statistical dataset to carry out a dip analysis, faults and fractures characterization and present day stress analysis. The features identified on the borehole image include bedding and soft-sediment deformations (in shales), cross-bedding (in sands and silty sands), faults, open fractures, borehole breakouts and unconformable surfaces. A statistical analysis of 775 low-angle planar features picked in shale intervals and representing bedding revealed two dominant dip directions towards SSW (200–220 degrees dip azimuth, 3.1 degrees dip angle modal value) and SSE (150 degrees dip azimuth, 7.2 degrees dip angle modal value), with subordinate preferential dip directions towards ENE or east (60–100 degrees azimuth). The dominant directions are consistent with the general structure of the Moldavian Platform, which dips from NE to SW and, also, towards south or SSE. Two high-angle faults (55–58 degrees formation dip angles) were recognized on the borehole image and they might have provided pathways for biogenic gas migration from deeper levels up to shallower Sarmatian sand reservoirs. Borehole breakouts were found on various intervals and they show a counterclockwise rotation of their azimuth (from 155 to 116 degrees) along with increasing depth, attributable to localized stress field perturbations resulted from faulting.

This study is based on an integrated approach combining results from petrology, geophysics and modeling to explain the origin of continental alkaline magmatism in the Turkish-Iranian plateau (TIP). Synthesis of the petrological and... more

This study is based on an integrated approach combining results from petrology, geophysics and modeling to explain the origin of continental alkaline magmatism in the Turkish-Iranian plateau (TIP). Synthesis of the petrological and chemical characteristics of the alkaline magmatism of the TIP, extending from 80 Ma to the present, shows that the alkaline lavas can be classified as ultrapotassic (UK), transitional potassic to sodic (TK) and sodic-high potassium (HK) and sodic-low potassium (LK) lavas, all derived from a heterogeneous mantle source. Synthesis of the most recent seismic tomography images for the region shows the presence of a large set of low velocity elliptical bodies, ~100 km in size, referred to as " Compaction Pockets " (CP), scattered from the top of the mantle Transition Zone (MTZ) to the base of the lithosphere beneath the TIP.

MY paper about Earthquake

In this study, seismic data from two wells (Pak G2-1 and Indus Marine-1C) and age diagnostic larger benthic foraminifera (LBF) within drill cuttings has been used for the first time to identify depositional sequences within the carbonates... more

In this study, seismic data from two wells (Pak G2-1 and Indus Marine-1C) and age diagnostic larger benthic foraminifera (LBF) within drill cuttings has been used for the first time to identify depositional sequences within the carbonates in the Offshore Indus Basin, Pak-istan. The Offshore Indus is tectonically categorized as a passive continental margin where carbonates occur as shelf carbonates in the near offshore and on volcanic seamounts in deeper waters. Seismic data analysis has indicated the presence of minor faults and carbonate buildups above the igneous basement in the south. Patterns of the seismic reflections enabled definition of three seismic facies units identified as: Unit 1 basement, represented by chaotic, moderate amplitude reflection configuration; while parallel bedding and the drape of overlying strata is typical character of Unit 2, carbonate mound facies. The younger Miocene channels represent Unit 3. The diagnosis of Alveolina vredenburgi/cucumiformis biozone confirmed the Ilerdian (55–52 Ma) stage constituting a second order cycle of deposition for the Eocene carbonates (identified as Unit 2). The carbonate succession has been mainly attributed to an early highstand system tract (HST). The environmental conditions remained favorable leading to the development of keep-up carbonates similar to pinnacle buildups as a result of aggradation during late transgressive system tract and an early HST. The carbonate sequence in the south (Pak G2-1) is thicker and fossiliferous representing inner to middle shelf depths based on fauna compared to the Indus Marine-1C in the north, which is devoid of fossils. Three biozones (SBZ 5, SBZ 6 and SBZ 8) were identified based on the occurrence of LBF. The base of the SBZ 5 zone marks the larger foraminifera turnover and the Paleocene–Eocene (P–E) boundary. The LBF encountered in this study coincides with earlier findings for the P–E boundary. Our findings indicate that the entire Ilerdian stage ranges from 55.5 to 52 Ma that was the episode of warmer water conditions on the carbonate shelves leading to the diversification of K-strategist larger foraminifera. The larger foraminiferal assemblage encountered in this study confirms the findings. The possible indication of stratigraphic-combination traps, revealed as reflection terminations , make carbonate mounds in the south a potential exploration target.

This paper presents examples of structural geophysical analysis applied to several geological problems. We illustrate examples of overprinting relationships, kinematic analysis, and 3D analysis. These are approaches commonly used in... more

This paper presents examples of structural geophysical analysis applied to several geological problems. We illustrate examples of overprinting relationships, kinematic analysis, and 3D analysis. These are approaches commonly used in structural geophysical analysis but can be equally applied to analysis of regional aeromagnetic and gravity datasets. In particular we focus on presenting a series of kinematic criteria that provide information about the movement evolution of large-scale shear zones and faults. Such analysis is most effective on regional strike slip faults.

Telah dilakukan penelitian struktur patahan di Sungai Cinambo, Jatigede, Jawa Barat (9/05/15). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi struktur geologi serta nilai strike dan dip batuan di sepanjang Sungai Cinambo. Dari pengukuran... more

Лаборатория по Археогеофизика
http://www.phys.uni-sofia.bg/bul/departments/ucsrt/agpl/index.html
Лабораторията е създадена през 2006 г. за внедряване на космически технологии (георадари) в търсенето и геофизическите проучвания на археологически терени у нас.
Лаборатория по Палеолуминесценция (Paleoluminescence lab.)
Лабораторията използва методи и апаратура разработени във Физическия факултет. Те са обект на 3 български изобретения и един канадски патент на екипа на лабораторията. Някой от устройствата разработени и използвани от лабораторията нямат аналози в чужбина, други са обект на многобройни опити за копиране или видоизменения от други лаборатории по света.