Guns Research Papers - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Summary of the doctoral dissertation The main purpose of this work was to recognize the technological construction of individual elements of hand-held firearms. The analysis of literature sources and conducted material science researches... more

Summary of the doctoral dissertation
The main purpose of this work was to recognize the technological construction of individual elements of hand-held firearms. The analysis of literature sources and conducted material science researches allowed us to broaden our knowledge of the processes of their production in specific chronological sections.

The cannon or the naval gun was first installed on ships about seven hundred years ago. Since then, the gun as an instrument of naval warfare has undergone numerous evolutionary changes catalysed by various technological innovations,... more

The cannon or the naval gun was first installed on ships about seven hundred years ago. Since then, the gun as an instrument of naval warfare has undergone numerous evolutionary changes catalysed by various technological innovations, which resulted in the gun being the main armament in the naval arsenal until 1960s, when the missile displaced it. Improvements in gun technology gradually expanded the naval battle space arena from a few tens of yards in the age of the sail to around eighteen thousand yards with the introduction of big guns in the dreadnought era of WW I and subsequently to around forty thousand yards by the end of WW II.
The end of the Second World War saw the demise of the big guns and a paradigm shift from the big gunships concept to power projection by aircraft carriers and missile armed cruisers and destroyers.
This transformation of the naval gun over the centuries, from its humble beginnings as a small cannon before the age of the sail to the gigantic 18.1 inch gun on the Yamato, was accomplished due to the fascinating amalgamation of science, technology and human endeavour and makes a captivating study.

מחשבות על הסובייקט, חלומות, והגבולות בין פילוסופיה וידיעה שפוגעת בבשר

This short conference paper re-examines claims made in 1996 and 2003, by Canadian historian, the late Peter Hart, that in the early 1920s southern Ireland experienced the forced migration of tens of thousands of native Protestants.... more

This paper focuses on the weapons of the Queen Anne, an English merchantman that was wrecked on the Zuiderzee near Kuinre (province of Overijssel) in the first quarter of the 18th century. The wreck was discovered in a now-reclaimed part... more

This paper focuses on the weapons of the Queen Anne, an English merchantman that was wrecked on the Zuiderzee near Kuinre (province of Overijssel) in the first quarter of the 18th century. The wreck was discovered in a now-reclaimed part of the Zuiderzee (the Noordoostpolder) in 2016 and excavated by the Groningen Institute of Archaeology of the University of Groningen during the summer of 2018. The wreck was well preserved and contained a large number of artefacts, including multiple weapons (flintlock pistols, swivel guns) and plenty of ammunition, including dozens of cannonballs. A substantial part of the ammunition was too large to be fired by swivel guns, meaning that multiple guns were missing from the wreck site. Based on the diameter and weight of the dozens of cannonballs, a reconstruction was
made of the full armament of the Queen Anne.

Beliefs once limited to the extremes of the North American gun culture have become mainstream, while the US Supreme Court’s ruling in District of Columbia v. Heller (2008) and a spate of right-to-carry laws have contributed to the... more

Beliefs once limited to the extremes of the North American gun culture have become mainstream, while the US Supreme Court’s ruling in District of Columbia v. Heller (2008) and a spate of right-to-carry laws have contributed to the proliferation of guns in public life. These changes in political discourses, legislative agendas, and social practices are indicative of an emergent and pernicious form of subjectivity, which is here defined as self-defensive. Such subjectivity is characterized by a pathological identification with the right of self-defense, which undermines the social conditions of individual freedom and renders subjects unable to comprehend the function of abstract rights within an informal normative order. Practically speaking, this raced and gendered subjectivity relies on extra-legal relations of domination for its reproduction. The rapid expansion of gun rights and the recent loosening of restrictions on self-defensive violence are argued to be responses to a perceived threat to these identity-constituting relations, rather than to the threat of violent crime, which has long been on the decline.

The Chang Feng submachine gun (SMG), known in its latest iteration as the "CS/LS06", is in service with Chinese law enforcement and paramilitary personnel, as well as specialised units from other nations. The design is notable for its... more

The Chang Feng submachine gun (SMG), known in its latest iteration as the "CS/LS06", is in service with Chinese law enforcement and paramilitary personnel, as well as specialised units from other nations. The design is notable for its 50-round helical magazine and is often issued with a suppressor. It remains in service in China and elsewhere.

Using the National Institute of Justice body armor threat-level scale, this study classified 1,055 firearms confiscated by police officers from juveniles in St. Louis, Missouri, from 1992 to 1999. The authors found that for this city, the... more

Using the National Institute of Justice body armor threat-level scale, this study classified 1,055 firearms confiscated by police officers from juveniles in St. Louis, Missouri, from 1992 to 1999. The authors found that for this city, the lethal capacity of juveniles’ firearms has remained relatively constant over time. Examination of the different types of firearms recovered also found that the sophistication of firearms used by juveniles did not increase throughout the 1990s. By disaggregating firearm types, the authors were able to demonstrate that the police are likely to confiscate relatively unsophisticated firearms from juveniles, such as Saturday night specials, .22 caliber and nonpowder weapons. In St. Louis, juveniles were very unlikely to have an assault weapon confiscated. More troubling, however, were the relatively high numbers of illegally sawed-off rifles and shotguns recovered from youths.

In this paper we try to track the effects of the stricter gun law introduced in Belgium in 2006. To structure the analysis, we start from the objectives defined at the time when the Belgian weapons law... more

In this paper we try to track the effects of the stricter gun law introduced in Belgium in 2006. To structure the analysis, we start from the objectives defined at the time when the Belgian weapons law was discussed and introduced. A first objective of the law was to ensure that Belgian gun legislation complied with the UN Firearms Protocol and the European Firearms Directive (which was to be revised in 2008). The old weapons law, dating from 1933 and amended in 1991, was not sufficiently in accordance with international regulations.5 Over time, moreover, Belgian firearms legislation had become fragmented, complex, and maladjusted to current risks and crime trends. Another objective of the law was therefore to bring more coherence and uniformity in the Belgian control regime and in the issuing of firearms licences.6 In section 3 of this paper we enquire whether the law of 2006 has made the Belgian gun control regime more compliant with international standards, and whether it has made this regime more coherent and effective in addressing current trends in gun-­‐related crime. A second objective of the 2006 weapons law was to restrict the accessibility of firearms for citizens and to reduce the level of private gun ownership.7 In section 4 we will use various methods to find out whether rates of gun possession have indeed decreased in Belgium as a result of the law of 2006.
We then review these objectives against the background of some of the fundamental questions guiding firearms policies and gun control research. An oft-­‐cited element in discussions about strengthening gun regulations is their possible economic impact. Both arms production and the legal arms trade represent a significant economic value, not only in terms of turn-­‐over but also of employment. During the discussions in 2006, representatives of the Belgian arms sector voiced their concern that the introduction of the stricter law would have a negative impact on the economic viability of the sector: not only because the new law would further restrict access to guns, but also because it introduced stricter rules for arms dealers.8 Since the introduction of the stricter law, representatives of the sector have regularly argued that the law of 2006 has negatively impacted on the legal arms trade. In section 5 we look at various data sets to review the effects the 2006 weapons law might have had on the civilian market for firearms in Belgium.

Two models of artillery of the 16 th century are analyzed in the article from the collection of Lviv Historical Museum. The technology of application of hook cannons and long-barrel small-caliber guns is considered. A comparative... more

Two models of artillery of the 16 th century are analyzed in the article from the collection of Lviv Historical Museum. The technology of application of hook cannons and long-barrel small-caliber guns is considered. A comparative description of the structural features of the guns design that influenced the differences in application is made. Keywords: hook cannon, long-barrel small-caliber gun, artillery of the 16 th century, Lviv Historical Museum. Historical weaponry science is an integral part of military history. Comprehensive study of each individual cannon, which are stored in the museum collections, will enable weapon scientists, historians and those interested in history of artillery development to trace the evolution of this type of weaponry, understand exactly why, when and how particular constructive features of barrels were improved and changed. The use of comparative analysis will make the study of features of using different cannons of one time period possible. І. State of problem study. The history of firearms has always belonged to important research issues for military historians, the reflection of the fact can be seen in numerous scientific works. Although the quantitative composition of arsenals of Ukrainian castles and fortresses of the 14-18 th centuries has already been sufficiently thoroughly studied (works by M. Hrushevsky, I. Krypyakevich, V. Alexandrovich), the question of qualitative analysis remains insufficiently processed [1; 8; 13]. In the monograph "Arsenals of Ukrainian castles of 15-17 th centuries" O. Malchenko reviewed the history of the development of artillery and systems of state arsenals on Ukrainian lands in the 15-17 th centuries, giving partial analyses not only of their quantitative but also qualitative composition [9]. Separately the author highlighted the personal composition of the Ukrainian gunners, the conditions and character of their service. A significant contribution to the study of the history of the appearance and development of artillery of 15-18 th centuries in Lviv was made by K. Badetsky. In the works "Lviv metal casting of the times of Zygmunt I" and "Medieval Lviv metal casting" the author describes which masters and when worked in the city, partly analyzes inventory descriptions of the city arsenal on the basis of documentary sources analysis [2; 3]. In contemporary Ukrainian historiography, the problem of individual item study of artillery artifacts is presented by works of O. Malchenko and M. Verkhoturova. Study of the issues of the history of formation of museum collections of artillery still remains unsatisfactory and needs further processing. II. The purpose of the author is thorough analysis of the structure of the described models that affects the way of their application. Today in the collection of Lviv historical museum there are two models of artillery of the 16 th century, in inventory books they were assigned numbers Z-2875 and Z-2878 [6; 7]. They are very similar visually and constructively, but each has its own peculiarities of application. We associate these two models with light artillery, thus we consider comparison of their characteristics that affect the differences in application expedient. Fig.1

While both men and women can, and do, use violence against each other, men's violence against women is far more common, less justified, and more destructive than women's violence against men. One of the reasons for this asymmetry is that... more

While both men and women can, and do, use violence against each other, men's violence against women is far more common, less justified, and more destructive than women's violence against men. One of the reasons for this asymmetry is that men do not fear retaliation for violence against women, whereas women do fear retaliation for their use of violence against men. The distribution of violence between the genders, then, is suboptimal. Society would be better off as a whole if more women were willing to engage in justified violence against men, and fewer men were willing to engage in unjustified violence against women. To that end, women's justified violence against men should be encouraged, protected, and publicized. This will require a reversal of the current trend in legal and social practices, which is to tolerate and encourage men's unjustified violence against women while discouraging and legally restricting women's violence against men. Even if encouraging an increase in women's justified violence against men may sometimes result in unjustified or disproportionate violence in individual situations, the overall effects of the redistribution of violence will be preferable to the current asymmetry.

Guns are an enduring symbol of imperialism, whether they are used to impose social order, create ceremonial spectacle, incite panic, or to inspire confidence. In Guns and Society, Saheed Aderinto considers the social, political, and... more

Guns are an enduring symbol of imperialism, whether they are used to impose social order, create ceremonial spectacle, incite panic, or to inspire confidence. In Guns and Society, Saheed Aderinto considers the social, political, and economic history of these weapons in colonial Nigeria. As he transcends traditional notions of warfare and militarization, Aderinto reveals surprising insights into how colonialism changed access to firearms after the 19th century. In doing so, he explores the unusual ways in which guns were used in response to changes in the Nigerian cultural landscape. More Nigerians used firearms for pastime and professional hunting in the colonial period than at any other time. The boom and smoke of gunfire even became necessary elements in ceremonies and political events. Aderinto argues that firearms in the Nigerian context are not simply commodities but are also objects of material culture. Considering guns in this larger context provides a clearer understanding of the ways in which they transformed a colonized society. http://www.iupress.indiana.edu/product_info.php?products_id=808990

Ульянов О.Г. Древнейший арсенал в Московском Кремле – место рождения русской артиллерии // Война и оружие: Новые исследования и материалы. Труды Шестой Международной научно-практической конференции 13-15 мая 2015 года. СПб., 2015. Ч. IV.... more

Ульянов О.Г. Древнейший арсенал в Московском Кремле – место рождения русской артиллерии // Война и оружие: Новые исследования и материалы. Труды Шестой Международной научно-практической конференции 13-15 мая 2015 года. СПб., 2015. Ч. IV. C. 220-243.

Americans can be divided into two groups: those who own guns and those who do not. Although people who own guns and people who do not own guns are often separated along social, cultural, and political lines, it is unclear whether these... more

Americans can be divided into two groups: those who own guns and those who do not. Although people who own guns and people who do not own guns are often separated along social, cultural, and political lines, it is unclear whether these divisions might extend to population differences in emotional experience. In this paper, we use national cross-sectional data from the 2014 Chapman University Survey on American Fears (n = 1,385) to test whether gun owners are more or less afraid than people who do not own guns. We build on previous work by testing two hypotheses with a broad range of fear-related outcomes, including specific phobias and fears associated with being victimized. The symptom perspective argues that gun ownership is a behavioral expression of fear, that gun owners need guns to protect themselves because they are irrational cowards. Although binary logistic regression models provided minimal support for this idea, there was some evidence to suggest that the odds of gun ownership are higher for people who report being afraid of being victimized by a random/mass shooting. The palliative perspective claims that gun ownership mitigates fear, that owning a powerful weapon is somehow soothing to individuals and their families. Ordinary least squares and negative binomial regression models suggest that people who own guns tend to report lower levels of phobias and victimization fears than people who do not own guns. This general pattern is observed across multiple indicators of fear (e.g., of animals, heights, zombies, and muggings), multiple outcome specifications (continuous and count), and with adjustments for age, gender, race/ethnicity, education, household income, marital status, the presence of children, religious identity, religiosity, religious attendance, political orientation, region of residence, and urban residence. Additional longitudinal research is needed to confirm our findings with a wider range of covariates and fear-related outcomes.

In 2013–2014 a collection of metal objects originating from various sites in Moravia and in the eastern half of Bohemia was handed over to the Regional museum in Vysoké Mýto. The only artefact which can be securely da - ted to prehistory... more

In 2013–2014 a collection of metal objects originating from various sites in Moravia and in the eastern half of Bohemia
was handed over to the Regional museum in Vysoké Mýto. The only artefact which can be securely da -
ted to prehistory is a club-shaped head of a bronze pin. The other objects date back to the Middle Ages and the
Modern Period. No certain information is available about the origin of this collection, but if we sum up the
available facts (exclusively metal objects, originating from fortified manors, castles, hillforts or their surroundings),
it is most probably a collection created with the help of a metal detector.
Some tools which are only rarely represented in museum collections (such as a scythe from Potštejn) may
be of more interest. The same is true for militaria – especially the finds of fragments of iron gun barrels and a
lead projectile from Velký Vřešťov are interesting. Although these objects were found in the immediate vicinity
of a prehistoric hillfort, it is beyond doubt that they are related to a siege camp established near the castle in
1467. In their majority, these are trivial objects which would only be of some indicative value if they were discovered
during a systematically led excavation including appropriate documentation.

During the ongoing civil unrest in Kiev, several images have circulated showing Ukrainian security forces equipped with a range of lethal weapons, including sniper rifles. In addition to the SVD-type rifles commonly seen, security forces... more

During the ongoing civil unrest in Kiev, several images have circulated showing Ukrainian security forces equipped with a range of lethal weapons, including sniper rifles. In addition to the SVD-type rifles commonly seen, security forces have been documented using a license-produced copy of one of the Brügger & Thomet (B&T) APR rifles. APR rifles are bolt-action sniper rifles produced in .308 Winchester (APR308 series) and .338 Lapua Magnum (APR338). They have guaranteed accuracies of 1 MOA up to 1,000 and 1,500 metres respectively.

Explosive infantry weapons are becoming more and more common on the battlefield. Many soldiers carry repeating grenade launchers, man-portable guided missiles and so on, instead of rifles. It is common to see soldiers walking around... more

Explosive infantry weapons are becoming more and more common on the battlefield. Many soldiers carry repeating grenade launchers, man-portable guided missiles and so on, instead of rifles. It is common to see soldiers walking around holding not rifles, but rocket launchers. The rocket launcher is becoming almost as common as rifles in places like Middle Eastern warzones. This paper was aimed to investigate how a new rocket launcher would have to be designed in order to replace rifles as the standard-issue infantry weapon. Its inquiry question therefore is “How can rocket launchers replace assault rifles as the standard infantry weapon?” Using reliable secondary sources, the main problems with contemporary rocket launchers were identified: Slow rate of fire, limited ammunition and close-combat friendly-fire risk. Therefore, two solutions to these problems were suggested: Formation firing, and a rocket launcher design that would make it lighter, cheaper and safer in close-quarters combat. A physics simulator was used to determine the best warhead variation for the rocket, and a game was modded to pit soldiers armed with the rocket launcher design against soldiers armed with rifles to see if the rocket launcher design proposed is a superior standard-issue infantry weapon to the rifle. The data collected found the best warhead variation for the rocket was Shape 11 in Appendix B, and also concluded that the rocket launcher design proposed is a superior standard-issue infantry weapon to the rifle, mainly due to its blast radius. Thus a blueprint of the proposed design was drawn.

"An assemblage of 23 fired 9 mm bullets found at the atrium of the Menga dolmen during the University of Málaga 1991 excavations is described and studied. These bullets are first described from a morphological and ballistic viewpoint;... more

"An assemblage of 23 fired 9 mm bullets found at the atrium of the Menga dolmen during the University of Málaga 1991 excavations is described and studied. These bullets are first described from a morphological and ballistic viewpoint; then they are analysed from an archaeometallurgical perspective by means of X-Ray Micro-Fluorescence and Lead Isotope Analysis; finally they are discussed within the historical context of the Spanish Civil War through oral and archival data. As a conclusion, it is suggested that the bullets could be material evidence of summary executions occurred in Antequera in the weeks after the military rebellion of July 1936, which would establish Menga as unexpected witness to some of the most tragic events in the 20th century local history."

While both men and women can, and do, use violence against each other, men’s violence against women is far more common, less justified, and more destructive than women’s violence against men. One of the reasons for this asymmetry is that... more

While both men and women can, and do, use violence against each other, men’s violence against women is far more common, less justified, and more destructive than women’s violence against men. One of the reasons for this asymmetry is that men do not fear retaliation for violence against women, whereas women do fear retaliation for their use of violence against men. The distribution of violence between the genders, then, is suboptimal. Society would be better off as a whole if more women were willing to engage in justified violence against men, and fewer men were willing to engage in unjustified violence against women. To that end, women’s justified violence against men should be encouraged, protected, and publicized. This will require a reversal of the current trend in legal and social practices, which is to tolerate and encourage men’s unjustified violence against women while discouraging and legally restricting women’s violence against men. Even if encouraging an increase in women’...

Arms acquisition is a crucial venture for armed insurgency groups for carrying out their militant activities. I argue that the specific manner in which these groups obtain weapons may have important consequences for the dynamics of... more

Arms acquisition is a crucial venture for armed insurgency groups for carrying out their militant activities. I argue that the specific manner in which these groups obtain weapons may have important consequences for the dynamics of violent intrastate conflict. While most previous studies of the relationship between arms acquisition and armed conflict have focused solely on the impact of arms availability, in this article I analyze the impact of two specific aspects of arms acquisition patterns—the methods and the degree of leadership control—on the dynamics and nature of armed conflict in a qualitative case study of the armed conflict in the Niger Delta (Nigeria) between 1995 and 2005. I conclude that the specific arms acquisition method and the degree of leadership control over this process have strongly affected the dynamics of the conflict.

Although there has been no direct empirical evidence linking sexual dysfunction (SD) with gun ownership, speculation has been widespread and persistent for decades. In this paper, we formally examine the association between SD and gun... more

Although there has been no direct empirical evidence linking sexual dysfunction (SD) with gun ownership, speculation has been widespread and persistent for decades. In this paper, we formally examine the association between SD and gun ownership. Our primary hypothesis, derived from the psychosexual theory of gun ownership, asserts that men experiencing SD are more likely to personally own guns than other men. To test this hypothesis, we used recently collected data from the 2021 Crime, Health, and Politics Survey (CHAPS), a national probability sample of 780 men, and binary logistic regression to model gun ownership as a function of SD. Our key finding is that men experiencing SD are no more likely to own guns than men without SD. This interpretation was supported across several indicators of SD (performance anxiety, erection trouble, and ED medication) and gun ownership (personal gun ownership, purchasing a gun during the pandemic, and keeping a gun in one’s bedroom). To our knowledge, we are the first to have directly tested the association between SD and gun ownership in America. Our findings are important because they contribute to our understanding of factors associated with gun ownership by challenging the belief that phallic symbolism and masculinity somehow drive men with SD to purchase guns. Our results also remind us of the perils of gun culture rhetoric, which, in this case, function to discredit gun owners and to further stigmatize men with ED. We conclude by calling for more evidence-based discussions of SD and guns in society.

Ai avut vreodata in vedere serviciile de inchiriere arme pentru siguranta ta, a persoanelor dragi tie si a bunurilor de care dispui? Vrei sa fii sigur ca apelezi la o companie autorizata care iti va pune la dispozitie toate informatiile... more

Ai avut vreodata in vedere serviciile de inchiriere arme pentru siguranta ta, a persoanelor dragi tie si a bunurilor de care dispui? Vrei sa fii sigur ca apelezi la o companie autorizata care iti va pune la dispozitie toate informatiile de care ai nevoie? Cei de la Rentarm te vor ajuta punandu-ti la dispozitie servicii de inchiriere arme. Daca esti interesat in aceste servicii de inchiriere arme, dar si in cele de vanzare/cumparare arme, Rentarm iti poate oferi toate informatiile si produsele necesare la care se adauga, bineinteles, si toate accesoriile de cuviinta. Fiecare solicitare din partea ta va fi tratata cu maxim de profesionalism si seriozitate pentru ca tu sa dispui de tot ceea ce este nevoie. De ce beneficiezi de servicii de inchiriere arme? Multi dintre cei care au in vedere serviciile de inchiriere arme iau in calcul numarul mare de jafuri, furturi, acte de vandalism etc. care au loc in fiecare zi. Dispunand de posibilitatea de a inchiria arme, tu iti asiguri un anumit nivel de siguranta la care se adauga siguranta celor dragi tie precum si asigurarea bunurilor pe care le ai. Bineinteles, un rol important il are si contractul pe care il semnezi impreuna cu firma care iti garanteaza aceste servicii de inchiriere arme. Daca detii o firma de paza pentru afacerea ta sau pentru locuinta ta, este important sa te documentezi si in legatura cu serviciile de inchirieri arme pentru care trebuie sa optezi. In acest fel, orice problema cu care s-ar confrunta agentii de paza, ei vor dispune de toata munitia si accesoriile necesare pentru ca in caz de nevoie sa actioneze corespunzator. Pentru servicii de inchirieri arme, este de preferat sa te adresezi unei firme autorizate in acest domeniu intrucat doar asa vei fi sigur ca vei dispune de informatii necesare precum si de indrumare de specialitate. De asemenea, si armele de care vei dispune vor veni la pachet cu restul de accesorii necesare: incarcatoare, pistoale, cartuse, vergea, toc. Siguranta ta si a celor dragi tie trebuie sa fie o prioritate si de aceea, este foarte important sa te documentezi in legatura cu firmele care iti pot asigura servicii de inchiriere arme sau de vanzare/ cumparare. Majoritatea firmelor iti pun la dispozitie cursuri prin care tu sa iti poti obtine permisul port-arma sau cursuri de pregatire chiar daca tu deja posezi acest permis. Daca nu va fi cazul tau, ci a agentilor tai de paza, asigura-te ca ti-ai luat toate masurile de prevenire necesare! Rentarm – servicii de inchirieri arme oricand este cazul! Firma Rentarm are in vedere o gama de servicii pentru clientii sai care cuprinde inchiriere arme, comercializare arme, importul si exportul de arme si depozitarea de arme si munitie letala si neletala. Cu o experienta vasta in domeniu, Rentarm sta la dispozitia ta oricand este cazul pentru a raspunde prompt nevoilor si exigentelor tale. Informatiile necesare cu privire la inchirierea sau cumpararea de arme le vei gasi si pe site-ul firmei, iar daca nu te descurci, cere ajutorul reprezentantiilor companiei ori de cate ori este cazul! Rentarm pune pret pe siguranta clientilor sai in orice moment!