INDIRECT TAX Research Papers - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

This paper aims to compare the pattern of own-tax collection and tax buoyancy of high and low-income states of India from 2001-02 to 2016-17. The study observed that the tax-to-GSDP ratio decreased in the high-income states. While it... more

This paper aims to compare the pattern of own-tax collection and tax buoyancy of high and low-income states of India from 2001-02 to 2016-17. The study observed that the tax-to-GSDP ratio decreased in the high-income states. While it observed an increase in low-income states except for Rajasthan. The lower-income states observed the buoyant tax revenue collections. Whereas, the high-income states were not able to maintain the buoyant taxes. Thus, the states with lower tax buoyancies need to strengthen their administrative structure to increase their tax coverage.

The effects of the tax on economic activities are one of the most important issues in general finance. Taxes are the most important source of revenue for the government, in addition to being an important means of implementing government... more

The effects of the tax on economic activities are one of the most important issues in general finance. Taxes are the most important source of revenue for the government, in addition to being an important means of implementing government fiscal policies. Since taxes affect resource allocation, they will have important effects on real economic variables. Therefore, the effects of direct and indirect taxation on private investment have been studied. The method of gathering statistics and data is a library based on time series statistics of 1996-2018, which are derived from the central bank, the effect of government development expenditure, GDP, direct tax, indirect tax, business index, and risk index on investment have been estimated using the ARDL method for the Iranian economy. Government construction expenditure, direct taxation and risk index have a negative relationship with private investment, but GDP, indirect taxes and business index have a positive impact on private investment. Considering the inverse relation between direct tax and private investment as well as the positive relation between indirect tax and private investment, the imposition of tax breaks for direct taxes and an increase of indirect taxes can be effective in encouraging private investment.

The study investigates the empirical relationship between indirect taxes and economic growth in Pakistan. For estimation, the annual time series data (1974 to 2010) was used. The main purpose of the research is to find the long-run and... more

The study investigates the empirical relationship between indirect taxes and economic growth in Pakistan. For estimation, the annual time series data (1974 to 2010) was used. The main purpose of the research is to find the long-run and short-run relationship between indirect taxes and economic growth. Philips Perron and Augmented Dickey fuller unit root tests were used to check the stationarity of every variable in the study. Auto Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) bounds testing approach for co-integrations (developed in 2001) was applied to estimate the long-run and short-run relationship among the variables. Indirect taxes have negative and significant effect on economic growth in long-run while its coefficients in short-run were insignificant. Due to one per cent increase in indirect taxes, economic growth would decrease by 1.68 per cent. ECM coefficient of indirect taxes shows 45 per cent speed of adjustment in a year. According to the research results it is imperative to decrease indirect taxes and increase the direct taxes, if we want to augment the economic growth. Currently, contribution of direct taxes out of total tax revenue is only 33 per cent and the share of indirect taxes is 63 per cent, while it should be reversed if economic growth has to increase.

This study aims to understand the present taxation system of our Country and its impact whether positive or negative on the educational sector in India. The Goods and Services Tax (GST)is the biggest tax reform in India since Independence... more

This study aims to understand the present taxation system of our Country and its impact whether positive or negative on the educational sector in India. The Goods and Services Tax (GST)is the biggest tax reform in India since Independence and was implemented by the Government of India on 1st July 2017. Goods and Services Tax is the tax that is levied on all goods and services based on their destination and India adopts a dual GST system by introducing Central GST (CGST) and State GST (SGST). It improves the taxation system of our Country by reducing the multiplicity and cascading effects of taxes and by bringing out transparency and improves compliances in every transaction. GST is the only indirect tax that affects all the sectors and sections of our economy. Education is one of the major sectors of any economy and the future of any country depends on the quality of education provided to the youth. The educational sector has been benefitted from the government as they claim lots of tax exemptions or comes under the category of negative list. In India, there are two types of institutions that provided education viz Public and Private but the government prefers low-cost education to all. So as not to increase the burden of end-user, the GST council tried to provide maximum exemptions or keep away from the GST regime to the educational sector.

This study aims to understand the present taxation system of our Country and its impact whether positive or negative on the educational sector in India. The Goods and Services Tax (GST)is the biggest tax reform in India since Independence... more

This study aims to understand the present taxation system of our Country and its impact whether positive or negative on the educational sector in India. The Goods and Services Tax (GST)is the biggest tax reform in India since Independence and was implemented by the Government of India on 1st July 2017. Goods and Services Tax is the tax that is levied on all goods and services based on their destination and India adopts a dual GST system by introducing Central GST (CGST) and State GST (SGST). It improves the taxation system of our Country by reducing the multiplicity and cascading effects of taxes and by bringing out transparency and improves compliances in every transaction. GST is the only indirect tax that affects all the sectors and sections of our economy. Education is one of the major sectors of any economy and the future of any country depends on the quality of education provided to the youth. The educational sector has been benefitted from the government as they claim lots of tax exemptions or comes under the category of negative list. In India, there are two types of institutions that provided education viz Public and Private but the government prefers low-cost education to all. So as not to increase the burden of end-user, the GST council tried to provide maximum exemptions or keep away from the GST regime to the educational sector

This Working Paper should not be reported as representing the views of the IMF. The views expressed in this Working Paper are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent those of the IMF or IMF policy. Working Papers describe... more

This Working Paper should not be reported as representing the views of the IMF. The views expressed in this Working Paper are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent those of the IMF or IMF policy. Working Papers describe research in progress by the author(s) and are published to elicit comments and to further debate. This paper evaluates the nature and extent of, and possible responses to, two of the central challenges that globalization poses for revenue mobilization in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA): from corporate tax competition, and from trade liberalization. It does so using a new dataset with features needed to meaningfully address these issues: a distinction between resource-related and other revenues, and a disentangling of tariff from commodity tax revenue. Countries ' experiences vary quite widely, nonresource revenues have been essentially stagnant. Corporate tax revenues have held up, despite a reduction in rates and evidence of substantial base-narrowin...

Goods and Services Tax (GST) is the single biggest tax reform in India's history. No power on earth can stop an idea whose time has come, and it is now time of GST. GST will be levied on the supply of goods or services or both in India.... more

Goods and Services Tax (GST) is the single biggest tax reform in India's history. No power on earth can stop an idea whose time has come, and it is now time of GST. GST will be levied on the supply of goods or services or both in India. GST will subsume a number of existing indirect taxes being levied by the Centre and State Governments. With the introduction of GST, India had switchover to new indirect Tax regime which is administered with the help of new age Information technology. In GST, all the business transaction is captured on a common portal hence transparency in business dealings are established. With the introduction of the GST, the Central and State Governments will have simultaneous powers to levy the GST. Credit for taxes would be given for input of goods and services with the help of GSTN, which is a Technology platform for GST. GSTN is a National Information Utility (NIU) and it will provide reliable, efficient and robust IT Backbone for the smooth functioning of the Goods & Services Tax regime. The common GST Portal of GSTN will function as the front-end of the overall GST IT ecosystem. The harmonization of laws, procedures and rates of tax across India would make compliance easier and simple. The effect of GST is going to be far deeper than the tax itself, because it will lead to digitization of businesses of India. This will also greatly reduce the human interface between the taxpayer and the tax administration, leading to speedy decisions. Successfully handling the technological failure and resolving of teething problems of implementation of GST in the initial years would determine the success of such mammoth tax reform. The use of new age information technology will change the way taxes are paid and accounted. In the true sense, it is mother of all future tax reforms not only in India but also for all countries across the world.

Unincorporated enterprises often bypass formal regulations in general and taxation in particular. However, escaping formal regulations does not always favour business of unincorporated enterprises and attracts multiple sources of... more

Unincorporated enterprises often bypass formal regulations in general and taxation in particular. However, escaping formal regulations does not always favour business of unincorporated enterprises and attracts multiple sources of exploitation (e.g., paying bribe to local administration, police and politicians). In other words, the benefits of that enterprises could reap by becoming part of the formal regulatory system often exceeds the costs of becoming a formal entity. Bringing unincorporated enterprises under taxation system is a challenge often faces by tax administrators and it is in this regard the present study explores the factors which influence decision of unincorporated enterprises to get registered with State tax authority. However, registration with State tax authority does not imply that the enterprises have to pay taxes and/or file return if they are not active or annual turnover does not exceed the threshold level. The study throws up interesting results for policy ma...