Private Investment Research Papers - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

The effects of the tax on economic activities are one of the most important issues in general finance. Taxes are the most important source of revenue for the government, in addition to being an important means of implementing government fiscal policies. Since taxes affect resource allocation, they will have important effects on real economic variables. Therefore, the effects of direct and indirect taxation on private investment have been studied. The method of gathering statistics and data is a library based on time series statistics of 1996-2018, which are derived from the central bank, the effect of government development expenditure, GDP, direct tax, indirect tax, business index, and risk index on investment have been estimated using the ARDL method for the Iranian economy. Government construction expenditure, direct taxation and risk index have a negative relationship with private investment, but GDP, indirect taxes and business index have a positive impact on private investment. Considering the inverse relation between direct tax and private investment as well as the positive relation between indirect tax and private investment, the imposition of tax breaks for direct taxes and an increase of indirect taxes can be effective in encouraging private investment.

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- ARDL, Direct Tax, INDIRECT TAX, Private Investment

 Abstract: Reuse of existing deteriorated bituminous pavement material in construction and maintenance of flexible pavement is called recycling of bituminous pavement. Removed and reprocessed deteriorated pavement material which is recycled is termed as Reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP). In India during construction of flexible pavement different types of bituminous layers are in practice depending upon CBR of sub-grade and traffic count i.e. CVPD of the road stretch. Depending upon types of bituminous layer i.e. PC Seal Coat, Bituminous Macadam(BM), Dense grade bituminous Macadam (DBM), Semi Dense Bituminous Concrete (SDBC) or Bituminous Concrete(BC) Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement can classified in different groups These classified RAP groups materials will have different characteristics i.e. Rap aggregates and Recovered bitumen of different group of RAP will have different characteristics. In this study characterization of RAP limited to Aggregate Impact Value (AIV) and Aggregate Abra...

- by Idi jahidi
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- Image Processing, Globalization, Machine Learning, Wireless Communications

There is an ample amount of work on private investment for the cases of both developed and developing economies. Blejer and Khan (1984) study the investment function for developing countries using pooled data of 24 countries for the period 1971-1979. They find credit availability and infrastructural public investments are positively related to private investment. They observe that crowding-out phenomena works in case of noninfrastructural investment. As quoted by Saker (1993), behavior of private investment is quite different in developed and developing economies. Credit availability and government investment appear to be strong boosters of private investment in case of developing economies. Utilizing the Pakistani data set from FY 1974 to FY 1992, Saker (1993) concludes that private investment is positively correlated with output growth, private sector credit availability and government infrastructural investment. Oshikoya (1994) models private investment function for various middl...

- by Atif Salman
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- Private Investment
- by Michele Compare
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- Mechanical Engineering, Design, Renewable Energy, Methodology
- by Nikos Georgantzis
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- Spatial Economics, Concentration, Olympic Games, Labor Market

The New Growth Strategy aims to create demand and jobs through regulatory reform and fiscal measures. The Strategy focuses on key challenges, notably climate change and population ageing, which can be turned into sources of growth. Given... more

- by Randall Jones
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- Climate Change, Immigration, Foreign Direct Investment, Regional development
- by Johannes Fedderke
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- Development Economics, Economic Growth, Emerging Economies, Economic policy

The Public Technological Incubator Program (PTIP) was initiated by the Office of the Chief Scientist (OCS) in the Ministry of Industry and Trade in Israel in the wake of a large influx of immigrants from the former USSR, many of whom were scientists and engineers. This massive immigration of highly skilled labor bolstered the Israeli high-tech industry which in the

- by Daniel Shefer
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- Venture Capital, Geographic distribution, Private Sector, Empirical Analysis
- by Marcus Noland
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- South Korea, Private Investment, Costs and Benefits

The current study examines the relationship between GDP fluctuations and private investment by using macro panel approach in a panel of five selected South Asian countries (SSAC) including Bangladesh, India, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka for the period of 1980-2010. The study applies modern non-stationary panel techniques such as cross section dependence test, unit root test under cross sectional dependence, panel cointegration and Group Mean Fully Modified OLS (GM-FMOLS) estimation. The study finds a long-run co-integrating relationship between GDP fluctuations and private investment in the SSAC. GM-FMOLS estimates show that this link is negative. Thus, the results indicate that GDP fluctuations have a significant negative impact on private investment in SSAC as GDP volatility gives a negative signal to private investors.
The study also suggests that GDP volatility may be harmful for private investment in developing countries and negative effect on private investment will also be transferred to growth as the investment is a key determinant of growth. So, the governments of developing countries should equally focus on managing the volatility of GDP to increase private investment along with other measures for creating an investment-friendly environment. Additionally, an increase in private investment will further help in maintenance of stability.

- by Ghulam Mohey-ud-din
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- Macroeconomics, GDP fluctuations, Private Investment, GDP Volatilty

It is a widely held opinion that the resumption of growth in Africa will require, among other things, an increase in investment, which will have to come primarily from the private sector if growth is to be efficient and sustained. Using a simple neoclassical investment model, we examined the impact of political instability on private investment. The OLS estimates indicate

- by Lloyd Amaghionyeodiwe
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- Negative Affect, Sustainable Use, Private Sector, Private Investment

The study identifies trends in encouraging private investment in the cultural sector in EU Member States. The study elaborates on empirical data gathered through questionnaires, case studies of five countries and desk research. It provides an overview of mechanisms and measures used to encourage private investment, including: tax framework (i.e. encouraging the consumption of culture and business and philanthropic investment), financial and banking schemes and intermediary mechanisms. A comparison between private investment in culture in the United States and in Europe is provided.

- by Jaka Primorac and +1
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- Cultural Policy, European Union, Cultural Sector, Private Investment
- by Abbas Rezazadeh
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- Economics, Development Economics, Financial Economics, Private Investment

This paper examines the determinants of private investment in Malaysia, with an emphasis on the postcrisis investment slumps. A static private investment function is derived from the neoclassical framework, with appropriate modifications to account for the structural features observed in the country. To introduce dynamics into the model, we adopt a cost minimization problem, which assumes firms optimize investment levels with respect to a quadratic loss function. The results suggest that the availability of financial resources in the economy has a significant positive impact on private investment. Macroeconomic uncertainty exerts a negative influence on the investment climate in the private sector. Both foreign direct investment and public investment are found to have a complementary effect on private investment. Consistent with the prediction of the neoclassical model, a higher level of aggregate output raises private investment, whereas the user cost of capital has the opposite impact.

- by James B Ang
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- Malaysia, Private Investment

Gated communities are considered to be the most reflective mirror of neoliberal approaches. Within the Egyptian context, they have attracted a large sector of the elite residents in order to subsume a considerable percentage of the population from the urban centre in order to give way, according to the elite authoritarian bodies, for economic growth and stability. On another level, several scholars and authors have been questioning degree of success to which such privatized territories have contributed to the nation, not just in relation to urban features but also on the political, economic and social levels. This paper takes a closer look at gated communities in Egypt from a bird-eye view, the reasons behind their emergence and how they are managed within the national context in order to pursue neoliberal policies. It also examines the long-lasting relationship that has been established between the public and the private sectors since the 1980s and 1990s which has set a foot within capital zones to implement elite visions, and most importantly introduces the concept of the " commons " as a democratic trend that rather questions the level of inclusion of several stakeholders in the decision making processes, including local residents, household organizations, market policy makers, private developers and local government. As Sutton & Fahmi argue " Exclusive suburbs have contributed as private dynamism have replaced public planning " (2001, p. 135).

- by Taher Abdel-Ghani
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- Economics, Welfare State, Commons, Urban Planning
- by Stanley McGreal
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- Private Investment
- by Elisa Gatto
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- Economic Growth, Public Good, Economic System, Panel Data Analysis
- by Leah Stokes
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- Developing Country, Private Investment

Hydrogen is emerging beyond its conventional role as an additive component for gasoline production, chemical and fertilizer manufacture, and food production to become a promising fuel for transportation and stationary power. Hydrogen offers a potentially unmatched ability to deliver a de-carbonized energy system, thereby addressing global climate change concerns, while simultaneously improving local air quality and reducing dependence on imported

- by Timothy LIPMAN
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- Air Quality, Climate Change, Renewable Energy, Power Quality
- by Simeon Ehui
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- Sustainable Development, Social Capital, Agricultural Economics, East Africa

A good investment climate fosters productive private investment, and it is the engine for growth and poverty reduction. It creates opportunities and jobs for people. It expands the variety of goods and services available and reduces their cost, to the benefit of consumers. This paper focuses on to identify on determinants of private investment in Debre Tabor town. The study was employed by using both descriptive and explanatory research design with quantitative and qualitative methods. The total population of the study are 103 of this the researcher select 82 samples for the study since the population is not homogeneous stratified sampling is used. The quantitative aspect of the data focused on description of socioeconomic variables, investment and business related variables and analysis of relationship among the dependent and explanatory variables of the authority. Explanatory research study is most appropriate because it is more efficient, economical and flexible enough to minimize bias and maximize reliability of the collected data. From this study it is found that the determinants regarding the investmentactivityin the town are the expected return on the investment, business confidence, internal unrest, interest rate, corruption, and tax, level of saving, finance, and infrastructural development. And the model shows that in such a way that:-relationship among the dependent and independent variables are significant. Keywords: Ethiopian investment agency, determinants of investment, regression model, Debre Tabor Town, and Debre Tabor Town investment office, Introduction:

- by Journal ijmr.net.in(UGC Approved)
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- Private Investment
- by Kate Bayliss
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- Public sector, Private Sector, Private Sector Participation, Private Investment

This paper surveys the main issues and controversies in the economic literature on infrastructure in developing countries. Section I reviews the evidence on the role of infrastructure in promoting economic growth. It is argued that, although infrastructure may be more important for growth than other types of capital, the exact size and form of its effect is less clear than is often assumed. Section II looks at the issue of infrastructure “needs”, estimates of which are pervasive in both the academic and policy literature. It is argued that the preoccupation with such estimates is largely misplaced. More crucial is to develop systems of infrastructure enabling competition through an appropriate market structure. Therefore, section III reviews the economic fundamentals of infrastructure and the available market structure options and section IV considers means to attract and enable private investment. This is an important means of encouraging competition which has been amongst the top ...

- by Jean-Jacques Dethier
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- Market Structure, Public Investment, Private Investment

Development of infrastructure projects with private engagement through PPP has become one of the commonly adopted procurement strategies in developed and developing countries. All over the world where PPP procurement has been used in one... more

- by Andrea Goldstein
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- Corporate Governance, Financial Crisis, European Commission, Political System
- by Zahid Bhatti
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- Development Economics, Economic Growth, Emerging Economies, Economic policy
- by Daniel Stokols
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- Education, Health Promotion, Design Management, Collaboration
- by Afeikhena Jerome
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- Economic Growth, Service Quality, Infrastructure Development, Poverty Reduction
- by Catherine Pattillo
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- Capital Flows, United States, Financial Sector, Private Investment

This study aims at providing an understanding of the economic structure and structural changes in private investment in the Indian economy corresponding to the promotional policies of private investment. The overarching problem addressed in this study is whether or not identifiable structural transformation in terms of allocation of private investment across industries has occurred in the last four decades. Structural transformation is confined to the shifting or movement of resources from one sector to another within the private economy. This study constructed a comparable time series data on private investment by industry of use for the year 1967-68 to 2005-06 owing to the limitation of data in the National Accounts Statistics and utilised descriptive statistics like annual average growth rate, share and Z test statistics to find out the sectoral and sub-sectoral contributions to the growth of private investment in India as well as to verify the structural changes. The analysis revealed that the rate of capital formation had increased in the private sector and decreased in the public sector after economic reforms. Further, the industrial sector had been ranked one in terms of its contribution to the growth of private investment followed by the service and agricultural sectors in India. However, the growth of private investment in the service sector was considerably higher in the post reform period than the pre-reform period. Further, the annual average of growth of private investment in the service sector was almost equal to the industrial sector in the post-reform period. Therefore, the service sector played a very important role in attracting private investment during the economic reforms period.

- by Jagannath Mallick
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- Private Investment

- by Amnon Frenkel and +1
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- Venture Capital, Geographic distribution, Private Sector, Empirical Analysis
- by Erol Balkan
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- Time Series, Political Science, Turkish Economy, Capital Flows
- by Christine Poulos
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- Agricultural Economics, Public sector, Applied Economics, Disease Prevention

- by Sameer Shastri
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- Image Processing, Globalization, Machine Learning, Wireless Communications

The paper examines the effect of democracy and globalization on private investment in Ghana for the period 1980-2012, using the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) bounds test for cointegration and the Error Correction Model (ECM). Two models are used. In Model 1, democracy is proxy by an index for institutional quality (Polity2) while Model 2 uses an index for civil liberties as proxy for democracy. The results for model 1 shows globalization and public investment increase private investment while exchange rate volatility and trade openness decrease private investment in both the long-and short-run. In addition, economic growth and interest rate reduce private investment in the short-run. In the case of model 2, credit to the private sector and public investment increase private investment while exchange rate volatility and trade openness decrease private investment in both the long-and short-run. Finally, economic growth and interest rate reduce private investment in the short-run. The findings and policy recommendations of the paper provide vital information for policy implementation in Ghana.

- by Samuel Obeng and +1
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- Globalization, Democracy, ARDL Cointegration, Private Investment
- by Maria Shkaratan
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- Finance, Energy Policy, Regional Integration, Multidisciplinary

The Philippine national government had large and unsustainable budget deficits in the 1980s. But after a brief period of near-balanced budget in the mid-1990s, large deficits have reemerged in recent years. What explains the poor fiscal performance of the Philippines in recent years? Was it the result of unfortunate events, macroeconomic shocks, or misdirected fiscal policy? The large public-sector deficits in the early 1980s and those in recent years have similarities and differences. Both episodes of deficits occurred during periods of soaring oil prices, high interest rates, and volatile foreign exchange rates. Both episodes were also associated with low tax effort. The gains from the 1986 tax reform program during the middle years were lost in recent years because of discretionary changes. Over time, spending priorities changed. Marcos focused on infrastructure spending, while Aquino and Estrada focused on social services. Investment in physical infrastructure has a positive eff...

- by Benjamin Diokno
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- Tax reform, Public sector, Foreign Exchange, Profitability
- by Rosie Wu
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- Development Economics, Economic Growth, Emerging Economies, Economic policy

With the growth of societal news on the web, public opinions are given major importance in decision-making. Researchers of text-based mining have made number of evaluations and were diversified using different data mining methods so as to make the conclusions positive, negative and neutral. So, opinions of people are considered to mine the social information as people give superfluous interest to the reports. In this paper the newspaper data set is considered to find the opinion mining to evaluate the sentiment. Sentiment Analysis is used to compute the opinions of people before they judge on a particular issue. Machine Learning is one of the important approaches for analysis of sentiments. Different methods like Naïve Bayes, SVM, Maximum entropy and SLDA are used for classifying the sentiments. Predictions based on precision, f-measure, recall are done to determine which method best suits the classification. Keywords— Opinion, Sentiment Analysis, Machine Learning, Naive Bayes, SVM,...

- by Clayton Fernando R
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- Globalization, Hospitality Management, Hotel Management, Foreign investments

By Jean-Paul Azam, David L. Bevan, Paul Collier, Stefan Dercon, Jan Willem Gunning and Sanjay Pradhan; Abstract: Drawing on evidence from Africa - especially Ethiopia and Uganda - the authors of this volume draw conclusions about.

- by David Bevan
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- Policy, Social Capital, Economic Theory, Civil War

Abstract: In this paper, we analyze the context of Vietnam's economic standings in the reform period. The first section embarks on most remarkable factors, which promote the development of financial markets are:(i) Doi Moi policies in 1986 unleash'productive powers.'Real GDP growth, and key economic indicators improve. The economy truly departs from the old-style command economy;(ii) FDI component is present in the economy as sine qua non; a crucial growth engine, forming part of the financial markets, planting the'seeds' ...

- by Quan-Hoang Vuong
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- Vietnam, Stock Market, Transition, Financial time series
- by annalisa zezza
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- Climate Change, Renewable Energy, Energy Security, Technological Innovation
- by Orlando Strambi
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- Economic Development, Public sector, Public Private Partnership, Urban Transport
- by Chahir Zaki and +2
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- Economic Theory, Capital Flows, Emerging Market, World

United Nations University Maastricht Economic and social Research and training centre on Innovation and Technology Keizer Karelplein 19, 6211 TC Maastricht, The Netherlands Tel: (31) (43) 388 4400, Fax: (31) (43) 388 4499, email:... more

- by Rasheed Sulaiman and +1
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- International Development, Research productivity, Agricultural Research, Innovation System