Interorganizational Relationships Research Papers - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

COPING WITH AUSTERITY: INNOVATION VIA COLLABORATION OR RETREAT TO THE KNOWN?
This article explores potential approaches to the management of public sector austerity through collaborative innovation. Practitioner-based insider research offers an insight into how collaborative innovation can work in the public sector, what undermines it and what impact the active management of a turbulent environment can make in creating divergent outcomes. A flexible action framework – modelling collaborative innovation – offers a practical means of understanding and supporting effective innovation through collaboration.
Keywords: austerity; collaboration; innovation; insider research

Although extant literature has shown that formal contracts and relational governance play a key role in interorganizational relationships, the nature of their interplay still remains equivocal. To better understand the relationships between contractual and relational governance, we conducted a qualitative review and meta-analysis of the existing literature. Meta-analytic results from 33,051 interorganizational relationships across 149 empirical studies have indicated that contractual governance is positively related to both sides of relational governance—trust and relational norms. Our results have also indicated that contracts, trust, and relational norms jointly improve satisfaction and relationship performance and jointly reduce opportunism. These findings provide strong evidence for the complementarity arguments of the contractual-relational governance relationships and their joint impacts on performance. We also found that the mutual relationships between contractual and relational governance are moderated by the institutional environments, the interorganizational relationship type and length, and the construct measurement of contracts. Overall, this study provides new insights on when contractual and relational governance complement or substitute each other. We discuss the implications of our study for theory and practice and propose a research agenda for future research on governance in interorganizational relationships.

- by Zhi Cao and +1
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- Contracts, Interorganizational Relationships, Trust, Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review

Inter-organizational collaboration has becomes a strategic need to respond rapid technological development and increasingly competitive business environment. In this circumstance organizations are no longer possible to compete without collaboration due to the limitation resource they have. From the internal perspective, organization involvement within inter-organizational collaboration is motivated by the need for access to resources, core competencies, innovative skills, and specific knowledge. While from the external perspective, it can be explain as organization respond from external pressure to gain legitimation. This paper discusses the theories that have been used in explaining the phenomenon of inter-organizational collaboration, both based on internal and external perspectives. The discussion begins with the concept of inter-organizational collaboration, several theories used to explain inter-organizational collaboration from an internal and external perspective. Finally, the paper discuss many empirical studies related to inter-organizational collaboration and development trends for future research.

THIS IS NATURE SIGNALING THE END OF DUALITY THIS IS HUGE - CHANGE THE ENTIRETY OF CREATION - NO DUALITY ANYWHERE. IT IS VERY CLEARLY A PREDETERMINED ADVANCEMENT OF HUMAN CONSCIOUSNESS - THIS BUBBLE IS TOO WELL DESIGNED - EUPHORIA... more

THIS IS NATURE SIGNALING THE END OF DUALITY
THIS IS HUGE - CHANGE THE ENTIRETY OF CREATION - NO DUALITY ANYWHERE.
IT IS VERY CLEARLY A PREDETERMINED ADVANCEMENT OF HUMAN CONSCIOUSNESS - THIS BUBBLE IS TOO WELL DESIGNED - EUPHORIA CANCELS KARMA

- by MIKE EMERY
- •
- Earth Sciences, Soil Science, Consciousness (Psychology), Water

Purpose – The purpose of this article is to provide academics and practitioners a quantitative and qualitative analysis of the benefits, barriers, and bridges to successful collaboration in strategic supply chains. Design/methodology/approach – A triangulation method consisting of a literature review, a cross‐functional mail survey, and 51 in‐depth case analyses was implemented. Senior managers from purchasing, manufacturing, and logistics were targeted in the mail survey. The break down by channel category interviews is as follows: 14 retailers, 13 finished goods assemblers, 12 first‐tier suppliers, three lower‐tier suppliers, and nine service providers. Findings – Customer satisfaction and service is perceived as more enduring than cost savings. All managers recognize technology, information, and measurement systems as major barriers to successful supply chain collaboration. However, the people issues – such as culture, trust, aversion to change, and willingness to collaborate – are more intractable. People are the key bridge to successful collaborative innovation and should therefore not be overlooked as companies invest in supply chain enablers such as technology, information, and measurement systems. Research limitations/implications – The average mail‐survey response rate was relatively low: 23.5 percent. The case study analyses were not consistent in frequency across channel functions. Although the majority of companies interviewed and surveyed were international, all surveys and interviews were managers based in the US. Practical implications – This study provides new insight into understanding the success and hindering factors of supply chain management. The extensive literature review, the cross‐channel analysis, and case studies provide academics and managers a macro picture of the goals, challenges, and strategies for implementing supply chain management. Originality/value – This paper uses triangulation methodology for examining key issues of supply chain management at multiple levels within the supply chain.

Turbulence is usually considered a negative property of an organization’s environment. Yet turbulence is also a feature of an organization’s internal dynamics and may be useful for productivity. This article argues that interactions between the formal and informal management of trouble produce relational turbulence that may mobilize resources and collective action, or conversely lead to dysfunction and crisis. The author links relational psychoanalytic theory with social constructionist perspectives in exploring intersubjective dynamics of trouble and its repercussions of turbulence. Based on a longitudinal interorganizational ethnography, an atypical mental healthcare organization is described – a democratic therapeutic community – in which turbulence plays a central function, but in two very different ways. In a restorative mode, turbulence generates formative spaces that are creative and have a regulating function, useful for organizational productivity. Conversely, a perverse mode is destructive and may produce intractable perverse spaces, leading to organizational dysfunction, crisis and even collapse. This is theorized by extending the psychoanalytic concept of liminal, transitional space. In contrast to the notion of transitional space as a safe, protective area, the author develops a model of distinct formative and perverse spaces created by relational turbulence in organizations. In human service organizations, where the generation, trading and management of trouble are inherent in an organization’s internal dynamics, turbulence may be a valuable resource, but one that, in the perverse mode, can be immensely destructive.

- by Michael D Fischer
- •
- Organizational Behavior, Management, Psychology, Clinical Psychology

Rodway, J., MacGregor, S., Daly, A. J., Liou, Y.-H., Yonezawa, S., & Pollock, M. (2021). A network case of knowledge brokering. Journal of Professional Capital and Community, 6(2), 148–163.

Purpose – This paper aimed to analyze the contribution of
interorganizational relationships, specifically between suppliers and
clients, to organizational cultural changes.
Design/methodology/approach – A qualitative multiple case study in
two marketing channels was performed, through in-depth interviews,
observation and data analysis based on grounded theory.
Findings – The contribution of trust, commitment, cooperation and
learning processes has been identified in the organizational cultural
changes and in the reduction of the role conflicts of the boundary
spanners. Also, the role of employee turnover to weaken these
dimensions and respective relations has been noticed.
Originality/value – The development of an interorganizational
culture has been evidenced, as a system of symbols and meanings
shared by groups or individuals from different organizations, on a
transitional basis, with the predominance of the cultural perspective
of fragmentation. It is a culture originated from relationships through
intersections of cultures, a culture of boundaries

The purpose of this paper is to examine the organizational arrangements in response to the technological ferment generated by biotechnology. Powell, Koput and Doerr (1996) focus on forms of collaboration undertaken by dedicated biotechnology firms and assess the contribution of cooperative ventures to organizational learning. In short, they seek to map the network structure of emerging biotechnology industry. Results support view that networks of collaboration provide relevant knowledge which is widely distributed and not easily produced inside the boundaries of a firm or obtained through market transactions.

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is two-fold: (1) to offer a conceptual understanding of knowledge brokering from a sociometric point-of-view; and (2) to provide an empirical example of this conceptualization in an education context.Design/methodology/approachWe use social network theory and analysis tools to explore knowledge exchange patterns among a group of teachers, instructional coaches and administrators who are collectively seeking to build increased capacity for effective mathematics instruction. We propose the concept of network activity to measure direct and indirect knowledge brokerage through the use of degree and betweenness centrality measures. Further, we propose network utility—measured by tie multiplexity—as a second key component of effective knowledge brokering.FindingsOur findings suggest significant increases in both direct and indirect knowledge brokering activity across the network over time. Teachers, in particular, emerge as key knowledge brokers within thi...

The role of interorganizational relationships (IORs) in public sector innovation is little explored in the literature. Notwithstanding a growing body of research on how innovation is achieved through strategic alliances and collaborative networks (Belussi and Arcangeli 1998), communities of practice (Wenger 2000), innovation systems (Lundvall 1985; Freeman 1995), industrial sector clusters (Crouch and Voelzkow 2009) or open innovation with members of society (Chesborough 2003), much of the discussion remains conceptually elusive and private sector oriented. Accordingly, the objective of this paper is to clarify the relationship between IORs and public sector innovation, contributing to the lively discussion on collaborative innovation in this domain (Bommert 2010; Sørensen and Torfing 2011).

This chapter reviews the European experience in delivering healthcare infrastructure and services through public-private partnerships (PPPs), a strategic alliance between public and private partners over extended time periods. We investigate the concepts of contracting and bundling public sector infrastructure and services and draw lessons learnt across European Union (EU) member states. If contracts could be “complete”, with all contingencies predictable, it would be easy to write a contract which maximized the benefits from the abilities of the respective public and private parties. In the real world, however, this condition is lacking. We explore payment to a private party for service provision, and sharing of risk with that private party, as conceptual features characterizing a public-private partnership. Both these features relate to the idea of “bundling” together capital asset development and output of various services. Bundling creates a particular profile of property rights, across time or services, and the effect is theoretically to internalize externalities. We explore whether more extensive bundling seems to be associated with improved outcomes – whether for example extensions beyond hospital accommodation to hospital medical services or additionally primary care services bring benefits. The policy recommendation to be drawn is that limited PPP models are inadequate to handle the dynamic quality and demand nature of health services, but there is no definitive answer as to whether extensive bundling models are optimal. Nevertheless, there is now a growing case for much greater roll-out of more encompassing models incorporating clinical services and franchises.

The global financial crisis has significantly impacted the automotive industry with reduced supply of credit to industry exposing their process inefficiencies and reduced credit to consumers reducing sales. Firms are restructuring, with some seeking government financial support, but the industry is not addressing the underlying failure of the business model. The transformation of the automotive enterprise is proposed as a potential solution; from the build to stock (BTS) approach currently employed to a build to order (BTO) enterprise in the future. The BTO approach outlined in this paper is drawn from a 4-year study by a European research consortium. The approach developed delivers the triple bottom line of economic, environmental and societal prosperity through addressing wastes such as overproduction, unnecessary transportation and inventory, coupled with innovative modular vehicle design and adoption of integrated supply chains.

- by Jens K Roehrich and +1
- •
- Interorganizational Relationships, Automotive Industry, Enterprise Transformation, BTO

While inter-personal conflicts have attracted much attention from scholars and practitioners over the last two decades, our understanding of inter-organizational conflicts remains limited. This paper critically assesses current literature on inter-organizational conflicts. We first discuss the specific features of conflicts at the inter-organizational level. Second, we provide an overview of both qualitative and quantitative research conducted in the field. Third, we make suggestions for future research on inter-organizational conflicts. We specifically suggest opportunities to develop theoretical bridges with other streams of literature and to build multi-level models of conflict management. We then discuss important empirical issues associated with doing research on conflicts between organizations and provide recommendations to overcome these challenges.

With the continuing increase of competitive pressures in the automobile industry, the acceleration of cost and price pressures and the omnipresent need for im-provement of engineering productivity managers have to constantly ensure the company’s survival in the market. This perspective emphasises the need for man-agers to consider outsourcing in order to sustain a company’s competitive ad-vantage. The use of external assembly service providers in the automotive industry is widespread and is embraced in the build to order concept. Outsourcing capacity brings with it the risk of outsourcing competency. Managers in the customer-conscious automotive market have to thoroughly understand the concept and the associated risks in order to benefit from the outsourcing practice. Therefore, this chapter critically evaluates the benefits and risks associated with outsourcing core and supporting activities in the automotive industry. Moreover, the study draws on different theoretical positions delivering a rigorous description and comparison of the theoretical outsourcing standpoints. The research study is underpinned by empirical evidence from the automotive industry and concludes with a set of managerial implications to facilitate well-grounded outsourcing decisions within the automotive industry.

- by Jens K Roehrich
- •
- Interorganizational Relationships, Automotive Industry, Outsourcing

This paper used different conceptual “platforms” resource dependence, social issues and societal sector platforms to address cross-sector partnerships in four “arenas”: business-nonprofit, business-government, government-nonprofit, and trisector. Research was based on three conceptual “platforms” distinguished by their goal and interest orientations with analyzes of four “arenas” where CSSPs emerge: at the intersection of the business and nonprofit sectors, government and business sectors, government and nonprofit sectors, and at their conjoint intersection. The management and organization research is studying in one of two analytic “platforms”: resource dependence and social issues.

- by Darko Milosevic
- •
- Business, Development Economics, Government, Interorganizational Relationships

This article explores the historical evolution of research on the “European Union (EU)–North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO) relationship” since the 1950s and examines the numerous ways in which it has served as an important case study for applying and developing theory-guided and conceptual research on inter-organisational relations (IOR) in International Relations. After a dearth of policy-oriented research during the 1990s and early 2000s, a wide range of scholars have contributed to a “conceptual turn” in the study of EU–NATO relations during the last decade. This development, as this article will argue, not only signifies a stronger interest by scholars to understand the complex relationship between both organisations with the help of more theory-driven research, but also highlights that the EU–NATO relationship has become a “catalytic case study” in terms of inspiring conceptual experimentation and advancing efforts to theorise IOR more generally. The article provides for the first time a systematic stock-taking and analysis of the richness of concepts and theoretical debates related to EU–NATO relations research and offers scholars wider insights into the most promising approaches and analytical tools for understanding and theorising EU–NATO relations.

This paper analyses the evolution of the corporate networks in two Latin economies – Argentina and Italy – from 1913 to 1990 by using the interlocking directorates’ technique. The paper focuses on six benchmark years: 1914 (1913 for Italy); 1923 (1927), 1936 (1937), 1954 (1952), 1970 (1972), and 1990 (1983). For each benchmark year, the largest 25 banks and 100 industrial companies have been selected for each country. For each benchmark year, after showing a descriptive statistics of the companies and the directors included in the sample, the paper develops a network connectivity analysis of the system in the two countries. This is integrated by historical and structural analysis. For the first time in corporate networks’ historical analyses, this paper includes syndics – special auditors for firms – as well as directors in the sample. This paper shows that, despite both Argentina and Italy belong to the same legal family, their corporate networks show a different structure and evolution over time. Also the actors that shaped the overall structure of the two corporate networks are different: in Argentina a major role was played by foreign multinationals, while in Italy the crucial actors were banks and state-owned enterprises.

- by Erica Salvaj and +2
- •
- Business, Economic History, Social Networks, International Business

Interorganizational projects often suffer disruptions that require participating organizations to adapt in order to restore project operations. We study the role of communication style in facilitating adaptation to such disruptions. Whereas the literature on interorganizational communication has emphasized communication mode and frequency, we study the content and features of written communication in seven U.K. construction projects. Communication style mattered for adaptation quality in these projects, and we found that several properties of communication style were particularly important for adaptation: cost and information orientation, as well as informality, precision and authenticity. Moreover, managerial slack and organizational reputation were important precursors of communication style. These results provide novel insights into the role of communication style in adaptation to interorganizational project disruptions. We discuss the implications of these insights for research on interorganizational projects in operations and supply chain management.

- by Nicholas Argyres and +1
- •
- Communication, Languages and Linguistics, Supply Chain Management, Project Management
- by Donald Lund and +2
- •
- Interorganizational Relationships, International Marketing, Marketing Strategy, Business to Business Marketing

This chapter explores the role of family firms in Spanish interlocking directorates. We studied a sample of the 396 largest Spanish firms and their 2417 directors, and found that family firms are less central in the Spanish interlocks than non-family firms. Family firms avoid the creation of direct links among them by sharing independent directors. Nevertheless, the network of the top family firms is denser than expected thanks to a few directors that span family firms and non-family firms. We conclude by developing a set of propositions on the factors that explain the construction of interlock networks in family firms.

- by Erica Salvaj
- •
- Social Networks, Social Sciences, Family Business, Interorganizational Relationships

This article examines the developmental process of cooperative interorganizational relationships (IORs). Framework is focuses on formal, legal, and informal socialpsychological processes by which organizational parties jointly negotiate, commit to and execute their relationship. The framework is elaborated with a set of propositions that explain how and why cooperative IORs emerge, evolve, and dissolve. The propositions have academic implications for enriching interorganizational relationships, transaction cost economics, agency theories, and practical implications for managing the relationship journey. IORs include strategic alliances, partnerships, coalitions, joint ventures, franchises, research consortia, and various forms of network organizations. Most research been focused on the antecedent conditions or structural properties of interorganizational relationships in comparison with other governance forms. Framework present useful insight about conditions leading to formation of IORs. Research was provided with assumptions trough four concepts for explaining how cooperative IORs emerge, grow, and terminate over time. Knowing the inputs, structure, and desired outputs of a relationship provides a useful context, where process is central to managing IORs. Managers need to know more about input conditions, investments, and types of governance structures required for a relationship. The ways in which agents negotiate, execute, and modify of an IOR strongly influence the degree to which parties judge it to be equitable and efficient. These processes also influence motivations to continue in, or terminate, the relationship over time (Friedman, 1991). CONCEPTUAL BACKGROUND Ring and Van de Ven (1994) assume that business conditions and motivations exist, which are sufficient to cause two or more organizations to explore exchange using a cooperative IOR governed by a relational contract. Organizational parties desire to create a cooperative IOR that facilitates high commitment relations (Helper & Levine, 1992), but produces efficient and equitable solutions to conflicts as they arise. starting conditions was in assumed with four key concepts: (a) uncertainties inherent in a cooperative IOR, (b) assessments based on efficiency and equity, (c) need for internal resolution of disputes, and (d) importance of role relationships in cooperative IORs.

Although the concepts of relational and contractual governance in inter-organizational relationships have attracted academic and practitioner interest over the last decades, to date there have been limited comprehensive and systematic efforts to review, analyse and synthesise extant literature. We review and analyse 1,415 publications identified from a wide range of management disciplines and journals from 1990 to 2018. We deploy bibliographic and content analyses to offer a comprehensive literature analysis and synthesis and subsequently develop and position a multidimensional framework of exchange governance. The proposed framework covers existing conceptualisations of exchange governance and its diverse mechanisms, environmental dimensions influencing the use of exchange governance mechanisms and performance implications. We uncover areas that are currently under-studied and draw out fruitful future research avenues.

- by Jas Kalra and +1
- •
- Contracts, Supply Chain Management, Interorganizational Relationships, Trust

This study shifts attention from project-based firms (PBFs) to project network organizations (PNOs) as increasingly important inter-organizational contexts of project collaboration. As a result of organizational specialization, PNOs have emerged as generic organizational forms combining the coordination capacity of PBFs with access to network resources. PNOs connect legally independent, yet often operationally interdependent individuals and organizations in strategically coordinated sets of core project teams and flexible partner pools that sustain beyond singular projects. Based on an empirical review of PNOs in film, event organizing, construction, complex product and system development, research, open innovation and international development, core features, antecedents and differentiating properties of PNOs are identified. Structural differences are related to project variety and connectivity, degree of specialization and geographic concentration of resources. Findings extend our understanding of inter-organizational project coordination across fields, and the interplay of PBFs, networks and project entrepreneurship.

Avant la mise en place des « réseaux intégrés » de service (Fleury, 2006), un système
multiorganisationnel se déploie déjà à Montréal dans l’aide aux personnes sans abri en 2003-2004 (Dupuis, 2007; Dupuis et Farinas, 2009). Une coordination plutôt « naturelle » et « organique » s’y produit et est accomplie principalement par les intervenants, avec le soutien de leurs gestionnaires respectifs, alors qu’ils agissent et interagissent pour aider les sans-abri. Selon Dupuis et Farinas (2009), cette coordination nécessite entre autres : (1) la proximité géographique et la mobilité de certains de ces
praticiens; (2) leur connaissance mutuelle et leur réputation; (2) les normes de réciprocité, de respect et de confiance; (3) des relations d’échanges, de « références », de soutien et de conseil; (4) des ententes informelles; (5) une division souple et flexible du travail; (6) différentes communautés occupationnelles et professionnelles ainsi que des regroupements d’acteurs formalisés en comité ou en organisation; (7) le sentiment, partagé jusqu’à un certain point, de la nécessité d’aider ces personnes sans abris; et (8) la participation des sans-abri à l’intervention. Ce cahier de recherche s’intéresse à la façon dont ces divers éléments se combinent lors des activités quotidiennes accomplies essentiellement par ces praticiens. Le travail relationnel (Strauss, 1993) les met nécessairement en action. Nous explorons ici les conditions
structurelles et organisationnelles dans lesquelles ils réalisent ce travail, les formes revêtues par ce dernier et ses conséquences. Pour ce faire, nous portons attention aux tâches concrètes et aux relations accomplies par ces acteurs alors qu’ils aident ces personnes sans abri.

- by Luc Farinas and +1
- •
- Interorganizational Relationships, Social Problems, Homelessness, Social Interaction

Firm’s capacity to innovate based on exploitation of its knowledge, while it explores new opportunities beyond its current knowledge, is captured by the concept of organizational ambidexterity. This concept has been seen as an alternative for firms to obtain a higher sustainable performance than industry average. However, this task is not easy to accomplish, and to collaborate with other organizations is a path to achieve it. The study of inter-organizational relationships to explain organizational ambidexterity is a novel field in the literature. Thus, this research presents a review about organizational ambidexterity with special emphasis on external sources, in contrast to internal sources that had been studied extensively. Journals with higher impact factor that address innovation issues from a management and marketing perspective have been reviewed. The authors conclude that inter-organizational relationships could contribute with organizational ambidexterity, and also have an effect over firm performance in the presence of absorptive capacity, relational governance and alliance capability. Results point out key factors for the success of inter-firms collaboration agreements for innovation.

An efficient management system and leadership body is one of the key requirements for a road safety improvement program. In low-and middle-income countries, the organizational structure of the management system may suffer from deficiencies weakening the institutional functions across key road safety players. Hence, it is necessary to form an inner-and inter-organization evaluation framework encompassing all the processes, events, dependencies, and causation among road safety players. In this paper, a (three-stage) system thinking approach is developed to evaluate the behavior of inter-organizational complex system and to determine major deficiencies in the role of the road safety lead agency. The first stages of the system thinking approach starts with drawing diagrams (i.e. multiple-effect and multiple-criteria trees) that allows identifying the chains of reasoning behind events or consequences. The next stage of the system thinking approach embodies the analytic network process (ANP), an advanced multi-criteria decision-making technique, which handles the lead agency capacity evaluation and helps to determine how and by what magnitude any of the players can affect the national road safety. The proposed method applies to the case of Iran, a middle-income developing country in the Middle East. Since in Iran, the Road Safety Commission (RSC) has been established as the lead agency, it was expected that RSC owns the greatest influence on the status of road safety. However, our results show that the overall influence of RSC on road safety is far less than what was expected. Subsequently, a supplementary procedure is proposed to specify institutional reforms in order to avoid such organizational inefficiencies.

Boundary spanning work is important for both public, non-profit and private organizations to stay relevant to the environment, to collaborate, to innovate and to perform better. It is remarkable, though, that comprehensive understanding on the behavior and role of boundary spanners is underdeveloped, especially given the strong push for more cross-boundary collaboration and cooperation in the public sector. This book provides a coherent overview of the state of the art on boundary spanners. Building on an interdisciplinary and systematic review of the literature, it discusses different theoretical perspectives on boundary spanners, describes different types of activities and profiles of boundary spanners, assess different factors influencing the work of boundary spanners and discuss the impact of boundary spanners on different types of outcomes (collaboration, trust, organizational innovation). Including empirical illustrations, and discussing a broad range of literature, methods and approaches used in research on boundary spanning, this book aims to be appealing for students, scholars and practitioners with an interest in cross-boundary work.

- by Ingmar van Meerkerk and +1
- •
- Public Management, Interorganizational Relationships, Trust, Network governance

A general interest in the study of social practices has been spreading across a diversity of disciplines in organization and management research, relying mostly on rich ethnographic accounts of units or teams. What is often called the " practice-turn " , however, has not reached research on interorganizational networks. This is mainly due to methodological issues that call, in the end, for a mixed-method approach. This paper addresses this issue by proposing a research design that balances well-established social network analysis with a set of techniques of organizational ethnography that fit with the specifics of interorganizational networks. In what we call " network ethnography " , qualitative and quantitative data are collected and analyzed in a parallel fashion. Ultimately, the design implies convergence during data interpretation, hereby offering platforms of reflection for each method towards new data collection and analysis. We discuss implications for mixed-method literature, research on inter-organizational networks, and organizational ethnography.

- by Jörg Sydow
- •
- Social Networks, Ethnography, Interorganizational Relationships, Safety

The issues of university to industry knowledge transfer contributions on organization and national economy competitiveness has attracted great interest amongst academic researchers and policy makers since many years. This paper aims to discuss the implementation of university to industry knowledge transfer activities within university and industry alliance and how the government policy established to support and to manage the synergy between the two parties. The organization of the paper as follow: Firstly, the paper discuss the importance of university to industry knowledge transfer on organization and national competitiveness. Secondly and thirdly, deals with how knowledge transfer activities implemented within university and industry alliance in Indonesia. Fourtly, the discussion continued government policies to manage the university to industry knowledge transfer activities within university and industry alliance. Lastly, the discussion will focused on how to manage conflict that might arise between university and industry as two different institution with different mission and culture

This dissertation reviews the approaches to conceptualization and operationalization of interorganizational interaction in the public administration literature. While many frameworks, typologies and arrays have been offered, few have been tested empirically. Furthermore, the literature incorporates a widely stated but untested notion that interactions between organizations can be placed on a “continuum” of intensity or integration. Using insights from previously developed systems-based frameworks and arrays, this research creates a generalized interorganizational interaction array (GIIA) that conceptualizes and operationalizes three forms of interaction common in public administration literature: cooperation, coordination and collaboration. From a sample of over 200 interorganizational interactions between national and international defense organizations, the GIIA is tested using cluster analysis to determine: the extent to which collaboration, coordination and cooperation are observed; which variables are most important in differentiating interaction states, and to explore the concept of a continuum of interaction. Results show the only interaction state clearly observed is collaboration in about half of sample cases; the remaining cases cannot be easily classified as either cooperation or coordination. Only variables relating to collective decision making structures and processes are essential for identifying collaboration, but are not useful in distinguishing between cooperation or coordination. Variables relating to the context or situation have little influence on differentiating interaction states, and variables describing properties of the organizations such as trust, autonomy and shared perspectives have more ability to distinguish outcomes rather than form. Finally, the concept of a continuum of interaction is not supported. The implications of this finding for future conceptualization and operationalization and development of theory is considered.

Comprehensive approach is often thought of in terms of “coherence and coordination,” which represent desirable qualities for any interorganizational interactions occurring in interventions. Much literature emphasises the antecedents to effective coherence and coordination, the postulated positive outcomes in their presence and observed negative outcomes in their absence, and the various individual, organizational, cultural and political challenges in implementation. A small but growing body of literature, mainly confined to defence research agencies, considers the detailed process of implementing comprehensive approach, yet there is little research considering interaction processes at an organizational level of analysis. By drawing on extensive research from the fields of organizational science, public administration and management, this paper argues for two points.
First, greater conceptual clarity is needed in the use of basic terminology, but also understanding of the real implications of various levels of interagency interaction. Attempts to systematize definitions in typologies are presented, and a suggestion about how to use the typologies in the context of comprehensive approach research is made. Understanding interagency interaction from an organizational perspective is important to guide policy makers and leadership about the organizational implications of interagency interaction, and to manage expectations about the limitations of high coherence and coordination.
Second, greater cross-disciplinary thinking is needed from the disciplines of organizational science, public administration and management. There are vast literatures on interorganizational relationships in organizational science, collaborative governance and multiorganizational policy implementation in public administration, and network dynamics in management. Comprehensive approach research would benefit from applying the multitude of theories and frameworks available, and applying organizational levels of analysis.

o ponto (1) remete o leitor para a compreensão dos relacionamentos interorganizacionais e para as teorias explicativas destes fenómenos, salientando-se as dimensões relacional e comunicacional. O ponto (2), uma parte essencial, conduz ao aprofundamento da Comunicação Interorganizacional, e abarca a sua história, tópicos e metodologias de investigação. E, por último, o ponto (3) visa a análise da Comunicação Interorganizacional aplicada à transferência de conhecimento para as empresas.

"This article focuses on emerging patterns of inter-organizational cooperation in peacekeeping missions in Africa – between the United Nations, the African Union and the European Union. The overwhelming majority of current operations build on some kind of interorganizational arrangements. At least three forms of cooperation have emerged on the continent, of which sequential, parallel and integrated deployment of troops are the dominant
forms. Based on rational and sociological institutionalist approaches, the article explains the selection of cooperation types by international organizations, by exploring the conditions
that trigger the selection of a certain form of cooperation."

This chapter discusses research on contracting in supply chain management and beyond. It examines the limitations sections of research on contracting in inter-organizational relationships (IORs) published this decade. A synthesis of contracting-related limitations reveals four major sets of issues. First, current conceptualization and operationalization of IOR contracting usually build on a fairly simplified characterization of contracts. More effort should be exerted to study a larger number and variety of provisions, in relation to distinct types of contracts, functions of contracts, and contract management. Second, more attention should be devoted to studying a larger number and variety of antecedents to and consequences of contract design and management. The need for a more systematic investigation of moderators and their effects has been repeatedly pointed out in the literature. Third, studies on IOR contracting should focus more on contract dynamics and its interplay with relational and other governance mechanisms as well as the link between contracts and their performance implications. These dynamics should be studied in relation to temporal factors, critical events and learning. Finally, it is noted that findings to date tend to have a narrow generalizability, as studies usually draw on a limited number of theories, use data from a limited number of actors, and mostly rely on subjective and perceptual data. Building on this synthesis, fruitful opportunities for future research into IOR contracting are discussed.

- by Fabrice Lumineau and +1
- •
- Contracts, Supply Chain Management, Interorganizational Relationships, Trust

Analyses of overlapping international organizations (IOs) in security governance has gradually reached mainstream research. However, theory building is still in its infancy. Thus, this article aims to substantiate theory building by applying exchange theory to
IO interplay. Empirically, the article focuses on the African peace and security regime, which constitutes an interlocking system of global and regional governance, integrating both African and non-African IOs. The article argues that inter-institutional cooperation is primarily driven by a functional logic of resource complementarity, compelled by resource scarcity. However, in practice, IOs do not easily complement each other. The article finds that divergence of security concepts; the absence of institutional match and the strife for institutional autonomy can hamper cooperation significantly.