LOS Research Papers - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

WiFi access points are widely spread everywhere in all our daily life routines. Using these devices to provide services other than the Internet is becoming familiar nowadays. This paper conducts an experimental study to estimate the number of people in an indoor environment through two system setups, line of sight, and non-line of sight. Relationship modeling between WiFi received signal and the number of people uses polynomial regression. The experiment comprised of two stages: first is the data collection from a controlled number of people. Then, the collected data used to train the system through polynomial regression. The second is testing the system's effectiveness by applying it to an uncontrolled environment. Testing results revealed efficiency in using WiFi received signal strength to do the people counting (up to 60) because of the accuracy achievements of 93.17% in the line of sight system. The non-line of sight system disclosed randomness in the received signal strength indicator regardless of the change in the number of people. The randomness is mainly caused by the fading effect of the concrete wall. Therefore it is inefficient to use the non-line of sight system in concrete buildings. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA license.

- by
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- RSSI, WiFI, LOS, Non-LOS

In this work the propagation of radio waves at 2.4 GHz in NLOS conditions has been studied. The study was carried out using two transmitters operating on different standards: 802.11g (D-Link) and 802.11n (TrendNet). The experiments were carried out under different scenarios in order to investigate the effect of the walls on signal propagation. Experimental results were processed using statistical methods and were compared with "log-distance" and free space models and with the network simulation programme "Aerohive online planner" results. A new signal prediction model, which allows predicting signal propagation depending on the number of walls, was created. In this work 802.11g and 802.11n standards were also compared. The results can be used to further investigate radio wave propagation in indoor NLOS conditions and in the development of wave propagation models.

- by SDIWC Organization
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- Computer Science, Information Technology, LOS, NLOS
- by Ernest L Hall
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- Information Systems, Biomedical Engineering, Image Processing, Signal Processing

In this paper, a brief practical review is presented on the statistical evidence showing the Pedestrian road safety is a key point of the transport road safety policy in urban areas. Pedestrians are vulnerable road users and despite their limited representation in traffic events, pedestrian involved injuries and fatalities are overrepresented in traffic collisions. This paper presents the findings from the examination of the pedestrian crossing behaviour in signalized crosswalks. The study took place in peak traffic hours, during the summer. The target of the study was to count the pedestrian crossing time and velocity for each crosswalk. Furthermore, the target was to identify the illegal pedestrian crossing with red traffic light, criticize their behaviour and propose remedial actions. The traffic planners mostly give stress on motorized mode of movement .All kinds of steps are taken for development of roads in terms of safety, speed or time interval at intersections in case of motorized vehicle. But in present traffic condition, the non-motorized mode of traffic is also increasing. The pedestrians and bicyclists are occupying the track of motorized vehicle as no separate grades are provided for them. It leads to traffic congestion as well as the safety factor of pedestrian is at stake. According to HCM 2010, for this heterogeneous traffic, we can't just increase the level of service by developing the quality of roads for vehicles Steps have been taken to reclaim pavement for pedestrians by removing the encroachment on footpath. A study was carried out on Suchitra Junction where about footpath surrounding it and separated from road by divider along road side. The users were asked to answer the questions the quality of service provided by the system in terms of questionnaire formed .The format of questionnaire was based on the factors that user perceive. From the ratings, an analysis was carried out to find the level of service and waiting time of the interviewers .The analysis consisted of five factors as safety, Comfort level vendors encroachment ,accessibility and side walk performance, climate condition. The analysis was done on discrete continuous model and the area was categorized to a specific level of service out of 6 degrees of level of service (LOS).It is difficult to have LOS value for an area based on perception as it varies from person to person. So the trail is made to its best possible value of LOS depending on majority of the majority of user's perception.

- by alexander saravia
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- Te, Se, TI, Le
- by Elias Pas
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- LOS, El
- by Angelica Zambrano
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- Ebook, De, UN, Ambiente
- by Juan Felipe Hernández Añaños
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- Han, Sports, NO, Estándar

Composite traffic control mechanisms at intersections are normally made up of two or more traffic control devices; for example, roundabout and traffic signals combined or if you like, traffic signal and one way flow combined. Roundabouts work on the principle of circulation and entry flows; whereas signalised intersections rely on staging or phasing for effectiveness. Safety at roundabouts is enhanced by limiting circulating speeds and this is achieved in geometric design by entry path curvature. While control strategy of traffic signal is flexible; it hinges on vehicle actuation or fixed time operation. However, there are some vexing traffic safety issues worth considering at signalised roadways; for example, in the event of signal breakdown or malfunction, how would such intersections cope with gridlock; what are the delay trade-offs for installing a standard roundabout at existing signalised intersections or vice versa. As a consequence, delay studies were carried out at a signalised intersection during peak period in Skudai, Malaysia. Delay data for single and composite signalised intersections were analysed and compared. Results show a slightly improved level of service with roundabout, more importantly significant reduction in conflicting movement and gridlock was achieved when the traffic signals were switched off. The study concluded that at signalised intersections, composite traffic control mechanisms have significant influence on vehicular conflict, gridlock and red light running compared with single control devices.

The takfir of the Almoravids by the Almohads on the grounds that the former had incurred in theological anthropomorphism is one of the most fascinating examples of declaration of infidelity in the history of Islamic political movements of all times. The justification for such a serious charge, used by the Almohads to legitimize the waging of Jihad against their fellow Muslims, is not a particularly ellaborate chapter of their ideology. In this paper I contribute an analysis of the famous Maliki jurist and Ash`ari theologian Abu Bakr Ibn al-`Arabi's (Seville 468/1076-Fez 543/1148) doctrine on anthropomorphism as it was laid down in his "Kitab al-`Awasim min al-Qawasim" to recover the context in which the takfir took place and sought to make sense.

- by Delfina Serrano
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- LOS
- by wakid sulaiman
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- LOS
- by Ridha Hamila
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- WCDMA, Channel Estimation, LOS, NLOS

BACKGROUND: Although most guidelines overwhelmingly
recommend outpatient TB treatment, hospitalisations
are common.We investigated the proportion of TB
patients hospitalised and determined factors associated
with length of stay (LOS) in Switzerland.
METHODS : Cases with TB as the primary diagnosis
were retrieved from a nation-wide hospitalisation
database and compared to TB notifications. Month
and year of admission, hospital site, type of TB, age, sex,
LOS and up to 50 ICD-10 coded comorbidities were
compared with controls matched for age, sex and
admission date.
R E SULT S : From 2002 to 2015, the estimated TB
hospitalisation rate was 81%. The median LOS of
6,234 TB patients was stable at 14 days (IQR 6–22), but
increased in patients with miliary TB, old patients and
with hospital location. TB-associated comorbidities
included HIV, liver disease, anaemia, malnutrition and
genitourinary tract diseases. LOS was associated with
three comorbidity clusters: 1) malnutrition, cachexia
and anaemia (median LOS 20 days, IQR 13–31); 2)
toxic liver disease and hepatitis (median LOS 23 days,
IQR 14–37.5); and 3) adverse drug events (median LOS
20 days, IQR 13–30).
CONCLUS ION: Most TB patients were hospitalised.
LOS was related to TB type, comorbidities and hospital
location. Promoting outpatient care is a priority to
improve TB management in Switzerland.
KEY WORDS : hospitalisation; LOS; tuberculosis; case
management

- by Otto Schoch
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- Tuberculosis, Case, LOS, Hospitalisation