Length Weight Relationship Research Papers (original) (raw)

Length-weight relationship, condition (K) and relative condition factor (Kn) for male, female and combined sexes of a mugilid species, Mugil incilis were analyzed during the period from January 2014 to December 2014. During the study, a total of 80 fish samples were collected from the landing sites on Indus River at district Sukkur that included 48 males and 32 females. All specimens were ranging from 12.0cm to 14.5cm in total length (TL) and 23.2g to 38.5g in body weight (BW). While total length of males ranged from 12.4cm to 14.4cm and body weight 23.2g to 38.1g and female’s total length ranged from 12.0cm to14.4cm and body weight 25.1g to 38.5g. The result of the present study revealed that a moderate correlation (r>0.60, ttest; p<0.05) occurred between the length and weight of this species which was found to be significant. The negative allometric growth pattern (b<3.0) was observed and was found to be highly significant (t-test; p<0.05) for male, female and for comb...

- by and +1
- •
- Fisheries, Length Weight Relationship

In this study, length-weight relationships of 11 commercial fish species from the Gulf of Tunis: Mullus barbatus, Scomber scombrus, Sparus aurata, Boops boops, Spicara maena, Diplodus annularis, Merluccius merluccius, Trachurus trachurus, Trachurus mediterranus, Pagellus erythrinus and Lithognathus mormyrus were presented. The values of the slope b in the length - weight relationship ranged from 2.674 to 3.368 and intercepts between 0.0021 and 0.0515.

- by Rafik Zarrad
- •
- Biology, Mediterranean Sea, Length Weight Relationship

The present study describes the morphometric (length, L-weight, W) relationship (W = aLb)
and determined the spawning season of Acetes intermedius sampled from the coastal waters of Miri,
Sarawak from March 2016 until February 2017. Morphometric measurements for individual shrimp (total
length, TL and body weight, BW) were recorded and length-weight relationships were estimated using
FiSAT program. The TL range from 15.97 to 40.45 mm and 12.95 to 42.05 mm for males and females
Acetes respectively. The average male to female shrimp sex ratio was 1:4.13. The length-weight
relationships were given by W = 0.0001869L1.9232 or Log TW = 1.9232 Log TL – 3.7285, r2 = 0.75 for
both sexes, W = 0.0001685L1.9578 or Log TW = 1.9578 Log TL – 3.7733, r2 = 0.76 for female and W =
0.01314L0.6224 or Log TW = 0.6224 Log TL – 1.8813, r2 = 0.75 for male. The asymptotic length (L∞) was
estimated at 43.20 mm, while the growth co-efficient (K) was 1.20 yr-1. Total mortality (Z) was
estimated at 3.39 yr-1, the natural mortality (M) was calculated as 1.88 yr-1 and fishing mortality (F) was
1.51 yr-1. The maturity and spawning season of A. intermedius were determined through ovary
examination. The female attained first sexual maturity at a size of 26 mm total length. The matured and
near to spawn stages (stage II and III) occurred throughout the year, but > 50% of spawning stages
were occurred in June and September. It can be inferred that A. intermedius spawns toward the middle
of the year from June onwards in the coastal waters of Miri, Sarawak. As a conclusion, the research was
important for the Acetes fishery management in the future for a sustainable exploitation of the resource
that will bring about a positive impact to the economy of Miri traditional fishermen.

- by Jamil Musel and +1
- •
- GSI, Fishery Stock Assessment and Management, Length Weight Relationship, Acetes shrimp

Size frequency, length-weight relationships (LWRs), and length-length relationships (LLRs) for an estuarine fish Taenioides cirratus (Blyth, 1860) from the Noakhali coast, Bay of Bengal was studied. Specimens were caught with the fixed purse net of two mesh sizes (0.2 to 0.5 in. and 2.0 to 2.5 in.) from March to July 2019. The maximum total length for male T. cirratus (36.2 cm) reported in this study is a new record for this species. The length-weight relationships for male, female, and unsexed T. cirratus was highly significant (p < .001), and adjusted r2 values were 0.967, 0.922 and 0.955 for males, females, and unsexed, respectively. The calculated growth coefficient (b) for male, female, and unsexed T. cirratus was 2.546, 2.948, and 2.618, respectively. The length-length eq. TL = 1.1974 SL + 0.4403 for the males and TL = 1.1712 SL + 0.7096 for the females were highly significant (p = 0.001, r2 ≥ 0.978 for both males and females). Our estimated LWRs and LLRs parameters for male and female T. cirratus can be useful for the management and conservation purpose of this species.

The relationship between dry weight and body length for larvae of Plecoptera (Leuctra spp., Isoperla grammatica, Nemoura cinerea) and Ephemeroptera (Baetis spp., Habrophlebia fusca, Paraleptophlebia submarginata, Ecdyonurus helveticus, Rhithrogena semicolorata), collected from a carbonate stream in the Apennine (central Italy), is reported. The power equation f(x) = Ax B has been applied to fit the curves of dry weight vs. body size (length) in the ranges 0.03–13.00 mg and 2–14 mm, respectively; a total of 674 larvae were examined. The power model was in very good agreement with experimental data. Moreover, the error between measured and estimated weight was in the 4–20% range. The data on Isoperla grammatica, Leuctra spp., Rhithrogena semicolorata and Baetis spp. were compared to those in a previous study in a different geographical setting (south-western Germany’s Black Forest) obtaining similar results but with lower errors. We used and compared two methods: the weighted least-square method (WLS) and an analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). The values of the A and B coefficients obtained with the two methods were very similar (A or B). We found the best fits for all the examined Plecoptera (species, genus, and order level), while the results for Ephemeroptera were varied, with loose fits at the order level and also for Leptophlebiidae collectively considered.

- by gaetano De Luca
- •
- Earth Sciences, Biological Sciences, Environmental Sciences, Body Size

The Rusty crayfish, Orconectes rusticus Girard, is an invasive crayfish species found in the Midwestern
United States and Canada. O. rusticus has displaced native crayfish species throughout its range. Length-weight
relationship, body morphometric relationship, and condition within the species native range in south-central Indiana
were studied. Growth, size relationships based on gender, sexual phase for adults and juveniles and chelae-length,
width relationships was used to interpret patterns in sexual dimorphism. Carapace length (CL)–wet weight (Wwt)
relationships for all genders (i.e., male, female, juvenile) and all male forms (form I and II) had positive allometric
growth. Native O. rusticus were found to be larger in all measurements and heavier than the O. rusticus collected
in the invasive range. Orconectes rusticus has a smaller mean carapace length and had a mean weight less than
Orconectes limosus, Procambarus acutus, Procambarus fallax, and Procambarus clarkii. Orconectes rusticus
shows strong sexual dimorphism patterns, but compared to other freshwater crayfish it is generally smaller. To
establish populations in occupied areas O. rusticus may use a combination of competitive and aggressive behaviors.
Orconectes rusticus should be managed with depletion trapping and by restoring native predatory fish populations.

- by Thomas P Simon and +1
- •
- Invasive species ecology, Body Condition, Length Weight Relationship, Age and growth

The present study reports the length-weight relationship, relative condition factor of three important fish species Rita rita (Hamilton, 1822), Pangasius pangasius (Hamilton, 1822) and Chitala chitala (Hamilton, 1822) of Brahmaputra river system. The growth performance of all the 3 fishes are found high since the correlation coefficient ‘r’ exhibits high degree of relationship where Pangasius pangasius and Chitala chitala shows positive allometric correlation and Rita rita negative allometric correlation. The present study also indicates that the value of ‘b’ in all fishes deviate from ‘cube law’ as it remains constant at 3.0 for an ideal fish. The Kn value Rita rita, Pangasius pangasius and Chitala chitala are 0.78 1.55, 0.85 1.30 and 0.79 -1.24 respectively.

Growth rates of hatchery-reared cobia Rachycentron canadum cultured in submersible cages off Puerto Rico and the Bahamas were comprehensively studied and are presented, discussed and compared to those of other teleosts. Cobia grew to averages of 6.035 kg (specific growth rate (SGR) = 2.10%/day) in 363 days at the Puerto Rico site (PR) and 3.545 kg (SGR= 2.04%/day) in 346 days at the Bahamas site (BA). Growth in length is best expressed by the equations: y = 12+ 0.18x; r 2 =0.59 at PR and y = 12+ 0.16x; r 2 =0.86 at BA. The Laird-Gompertz model was used to represent growth in weight to best express the rate of decline in growth rate with age (α = 0.006194 PR and α = 0.006323 BA), which occurred at the onset of precocious maturation for this species at 2.0-4.5 kg in 300 days post hatch (dph). The exponents (b) of length-weight relationships calculated (3.31 at PR and 3.20 at BA) demonstrate that cultured cobia exhibit greater condition factors than their wild counterparts (b = 2.8) and explain the morphological differences observed between wild and culture cobia. Final stocking densities of 5 and 15 kg/m 3 were estimated at PR and BA, respectively. Average water temperatures for the duration of the growout cycle were 27.8°C at PR and 25.5°C at BA. Results show that growth rates of cobia vary widely and suggest a negative effect of lower temperature and increasing stocking density. These trials also demonstrate, for the first time, that growout of cobia is technically feasible in submerged open ocean cages.

- by Daniel Benetti and +1
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- Zoology, Puerto Rico, Aquaculture, Fisheries Sciences

Bobofishing method has been observed to be utilized in Barangay Daliao, Toril, Davao City. This method of fishing is associated with reef fishes. Reef fishes caught by this method were identified and subjected to length-weight relationship and condition index. Physical dimension of the traps and the pattern of fishing were determined.
Results revealed that there were 60 species belonging to 21 families associated with bobo fishing method in the said site. The establishment of length-weight relationship for 40 species indicated that most of these fishes grew allometrically negative which gave the implication that growth rate in weight decreased as the fish grows in length. Moreover,condition index indicated that most of them attained lesser weight compared with other geographically isolated populations.
Based on these findings, it has been concluded that many species of reef fishes were associated with bobo fishing method. Having negative allometric growth implied that adult specimens face nutritional inadequacy than smaller ones which may be brought by certain factors. The lesser attainment of weight also implied that certain factors affect the well-being of reef fishes in the site such as environment degradation. Furthermore, it was recommended that more extensive studies regarding LWR shall be conducted, incorporating several important variables such as sex and season, geographical and time influences and more extrinsic taxonomical examinations.

- by Kevin Nikko Aranas
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- Fishing Gears, Coral Reef Fishes, Length Weight Relationship, Condition Factor

The commercial culture of shrimp in low water salinities has been successfully achieved. However, there are no long-term studies on the growth response of shrimp culture in freshwater. In the present study white shrimp Penaeus vannamei was cultured in freshwater (0 ppt) at three densities (90, 130 and 180 shrimp m − 2 ) and comparisons made of the resulting growth, length-weight relationship and condition factor data. Gravimetric data were recorded during a 210-day trial to estimate growth rates, the length-weight relationship and the condition factor (according to Fulton's equation). Weight gain results showed the freshwater culture system to be viable, with effects from density (P b 0.05). Growth rates decreased as density increased, exhibiting an inverse relationship (P b 0.05, R 2 = 0.68). Survival decreased as density increased with differences between treatments (P b 0.05). A potential model was used to analyze the length-weight relationship of the treatments. The slopes were different between treatments according to an ANCOVA and a Tukey test (P b 0.05). The function exponents showed that the 130 shrimp m − 2 treatment produced organisms with isometric growth (b = 2.99) in good condition (t = 0.96; P N 0.05). The 90 shrimp m − 2 treatment produced positive allometric growth and the 180 shrimp m − 2 treatment negative allometric growth.

- by Eucario Gasca-Leyva
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- Zoology, Aquaculture, Fisheries Sciences, Length Weight Relationship
- by Sandipan Gupta
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- Length Weight Relationship
- by M Azmi Ambak
- •
- Fisheries Science, Fisheries, Fisheries Management, Fish Biology

A research into length-weight relationship and condition factor (K) of Catla catla was carried out in Lake Pichhola, Udaipur district during the period from November (2015) to March (2016). The Catla catla attained more weight per unit of length in early age (1-2 years) in the lake Pichhola thus, showing a linear growth. The correlation coefficient was positive and highly significant (r = 0.886** to 0.580**) in length groups B (61-70 cm) and D (81-90 cm). The values of condition factor 'K' varied between 1.307 to 2.145. The nearness of the K values to 1.0, in length group B, C and D indicates the environment suitability of the lake Pichhola for good growth of fish. Further, the high value of condition factor (K) in group A (2.145) indicate higher increase in weight in relation to length. Variations in length-weight relationship between different size-groups could be attributed to the prevailing environmental conditions, available food and space besides, the biological features specific to the species. Introduction The relationship between body length and weight is of great importance in fishery biology (Sparre et al. 1989 [17] ; Gulland 1983 [7]). Length-weight relationships are usually calculated through liner regression on log-transformed data (Frota et al. 2004 [6]). In spite of favourable conditions for high fish growth rate in the state of Rajasthan fish culture has yet not gained required popularity. It is mainly due to inadequate knowledge about growth performance and other related information on culturable fishes especially Indian Major Carps (IMC), in the specific climate of Southern Rajasthan. In different types of water bodies in this region and research of age and growth of fishes there is lack of such information except few notable studies by Ujjania (2003) [18] , Johal and Tondan (1987) [11] , Durve (1976) [4] , Sarang (2012) [16] , and Ingle (2014) [9]. The main objective of this paper is to provide the LWR for catla fish from the lake Pichhola. A secondary objective is to analyze the sample size and types of length measure in the estimation of LWR parameter. In contrast to this, the present work was attempted to know the length-weight relationship and condition factor of catla. Growth of fish means a change in length or weight or both with increasing age. Growth is generally an increase in size due to conversion of the food matter into the building matter of the body by means of the process of nutrition. Growth of fish is dependent on population density also. Higher densities tend to slow down growth, and low densities tend to hasten it. Growth reflects the adaptive property of the species fast growth resulting in large size affords protection against predators, and is associated with stable food supply. On the other hand, slow growth resulting in small size is an adaptation to meet limited food supplies. During the life time of a fish, growth characteristics vary at various periods. As far as the linear growth is concerned, it is at a maximum rate during the period preceding the onset of maturity. Once maturity is attained, the growth rate falls. In the event of insufficient food, the growth rate of individuals within a population are so affected that different sizes (lengths) are produced in the same age group. The Lake Pichhola selected for the present study is an old reservoir and is regularly auctioned for fishing by Government of Rajasthan. It is being stocked by the fish contractor with IMC, exotic carps, cat fishes and rohu-catla hybrid in varied quantities. Thus, study of length and weight relationship and condition factor of Catla catla in Rajasthan waters is an interesting and useful study.

- by Dr. Nakul bhatt
- •
- Length Weight Relationship

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- by Icom Moc
- •
- Metrology, Weights and Measures, Ancient Weights, Low Birth Weight, Weight Loss

The present study discusses the Length-Weight Relationship, Condition factor (K) and Relative condition factor(Kn)of the aliencatfish Clarias gariepinus(Burchell, 1822)from Mattupetty reservoir, one of the premier reservoirs located at the high altitude terrains of Kerala. A total of 52 individuals were measured,size ranging from 16 to 63 cm (SL)and 60 to 2550 gm(Weight).Regression coefficient, 'b'for male, female and sexes combined were not signif icantly different from the isometric growth coefficient value,3.Correlation coefficient , 'r' for male and female were 0.9939 and 0.9852(p<0.0001).The meancondition factor (K) for male,female and sexes combined during pre-monsoon, monsoon and post-monsoon were greater than one(K>1). The mean relative condition factor (Kn) for individuals at different seasons was not significantly different. Sexual differences have no significant effect (p>0.05) on length-weight relationship (ANCOVA).

- by Biju Kumar
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- Length Weight Relationship, Clarias gariepinus, Invasive Fishes

Weight−length relationships (WLRs) for 28 fish species were investigated in an enclosed basin in the Sea of Marmara. Due to low sample sizes (<15), 11 species were not taken into account, but length results were represented. WLR information for 8 species was taken for the first time in the Sea of Marmara, and these 8 species were examined according to sex. Parameters b were found to be insignificant between the sexes (P > 0.05). In this study, WLRs for Pomatoschistus marmoratus are presented for the first time in Turkish waters. Additionally, this study represents the first results for the entire Sea of Marmara and carries significant importance for the WLR database in light of previous studies, which only provided information for limited parts of this sea.

- by Nazli Demirel
- •
- Population Dynamics, Fish Biology, Length Weight Relationship

The length-weight relationship (LWR) of adult Scomberomorus guttatus (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) fish samples (N
= 278) collected from August, 2006 to December, 2011 from Karachi Coast was determined. The largest fish (51.15 ±
0.673 cm) were recorded in winter (2006-2007). The fish were heaviest (721 ± 11.087 g) in 2008-2009. The relationship
between length and weight of S. guttatus was given by an equation, W = 0.167229.L2.121411 ± 0.02045, (r = 0.8487)
indicating a negative allometry between length and weight. The weight of fish was equally well-defined by linear
equation, W = -755.30127 + 28.56385L (cm) ± 19.248, (r = 0.8476). The power model (W = a.Lb) exhibited merely
0.19% higher explanatory value over the linear model (W = a + bL), if viewed on the basis of adj. r2 associated with
these models.

- by Doctor Khan
- •
- Pakistan, Length Weight Relationship, Karachi coast

The Monsoon River prawn, Macrobrachium malcolmsonii (Milne-Edwards, 1844), is one of the dominant benthic species in the Ganges River. Our study describes some biological parameters including sex ratio, length–frequency distributions (LFD), length–weight relationships (LWR), and relative-condition (Kn ) factor of M. malcolmsonii in the lower part of the Ganges River, northwestern Bangladesh. A total of 502 specimens of the ranges 3.54–11.76 cm total length and 0.50–15.20 g body weight were analyzed in this study. Sampling was done using traditional fishing traps (Kara) during the period from March to October 2010. The overall sex ratio showed no significant differences from the expected value 1:1 (χ 2 = 0.20, p = 0.157), and there was no significant difference in the LFD between the sexes (p = 0.460). The allometric coefficient b for the LWR indicated isometric growth (∼3.00) in males and negative allometric growth (<3.00) in females. Kn showed significant variation (p < 0.01) between the sexes, with better performance by females (1.027 ± 0.107) than males (0.968 ± 0.130). To our knowledge, this study presents the first comprehensive description of life-history traits for M. malcolmsonii from Bangladeshi waters. Our data should be useful for the sustainable management of this prawn fishery in the Ganges River basin of Bangladesh and neighboring countries.

- by Robert L Vadas, Jr.
- •
- Ecology, Freshwater Ecology, Sex ratio, Length Weight Relationship

Nine temperatures (16, 18, 20, 22, 24, 26, 28, 30, and 32°C) within the natural range of distribution of the Cortez oyster Crassostrea corteziensis were tested in a first experiment to determine the optimal temperature for growth and survival. Based on these results, a second study assessed two temperatures above this range (34 and 36°C) to determine upper median lethal temperature for the species. The species was thermo-tolerant between 16-32°C, grew faster and larger at 24 to 30°C, and had optimal growth at 28-30°C. The lower tolerance of the species appears far from the lowest value tested (16°C). In contrast, the upper tolerance temperature was near 32°C, since 100% spat mortality occurred within 96 h at 34 and 36°C. These results are being used to develop a protocol for large-scale hatchery culture of the species in Mexico.

- by Erik Tovar
- •
- Zoology, Aquaculture, Growth, Temperature

Length-weight relationships are presented for ten shark species sampled with a commercial trawl vessel at depths ranging from 5 to 500 m between March 2005 and June 2008 in Saros Bay, Turkey. The values of the exponent b of the... more

- by Adnan Ayaz and +2
- •
- Zoology, Length Weight Relationship

The chapter summarizes current knowledge on fish biology in Lake Kinneret. Nineteen native fish species belonging to six families populate the lake. Three of these species are endemic to the lake and four other species are endemic to the Jordan Valley system. Eight alien species are found in the lake. Four of them are breeding in nature, three can’t breed but are regularly stocked, and one is a hitchhiker that can’t breed. Growth rate equations and weight-length relationships are presented for the dominant cyprinids (Mirogrex terraesanctae, Hypophthalmichthys molitrix, Cyprinus carpio, Barbus longiceps, Capoeta damascina, Carasobarbus canis), cichlids (Oreochromis aureus, Sarotherodon galilaeus, Tilapia zillii, Tristramella simonis), grey mullets (Liza ramada, Mugil cephalus), and catfish (Clarias gariepinus). The long-term changes in fish community composition in the lake were associated with introduction and invasion of fishes; changes in fishing intensity; modifications of the littoral, and changes of the lake ecological regime. Temporal dynamics, spatial distribution, total abundance and biomass of fish in the lake were studied based on long-term hydroacoustic monitoring. The size structure and abundance of fish in the pelagic zone of the lake display explicit seasonal changes associated with fish spawning migrations and winter-spring recruitment of the dominant bleak M. terraesanctae. Water level fluctuations beyond natural have modified the littoral habitats, which are of specific importance during different life stages of fish. Water level has an immense impact on fish reproduction, survival, recruitment, population dynamics, and eventually determines the catches of commercially important species.
See also chapter: "Fisheries Management"

- by Ilia Ostrovsky
- •
- Fisheries, Biomass, Fisheries Management, Fish Biology

This paper presents several equations for converting among measures of size (length and weight) for swordfish (Xiphias gladius), black marlin (Makaira indica), and blue marlin (Makaira nigricans) caught by Indonesian longliners in the Indian Ocean. The equations use for transforming eye fork length and pectoral fork length to lower jaw fork length, and pectoral fork length to lower jaw fork length. The result showed that there were no significant differences existed between females and males among length measures for swordfish, blue marlin, and black marlin (ANCOVA, P> 0.05). The sex ratio (proportion of female to total of male and female) for swordfish and black marlin was 0.51 and 0.55 respectively (equal with 1:1) while for blue marlin was 0.62 where proportion of female was higher than male

- by Arief Wujdi and +1
- •
- Fish Biology, Length Weight Relationship

Length weight relationship and Size distribution are presented for 522 specimens of Sillago sihama (Forrskal, 1775) (Family: Sillaginidae) collected fortnightly from commercial landings at Korangi Creek (Ibrahim Hydari) and Karachi Fish Harbor during the period from September 2003 to January 2005. Length weight relationship of males and females computed separately and also pooled. The logarithmic weight and length relationship showed a straight line pattern. A high percentage of length frequency found during the spawning months. Length frequency was most prominent between size ranges from 160-169 mm T.L.

- by Shagufta Riaz
- •
- Length Weight Relationship

The studies were carried out between 9 th July and 3 rd August 1996 (3 rd cruise) and 30 th April and 30 th May, 1997 (4 th cruise) in the Exclusive Economic Zone of Sarawak and the western part of Sabah. The species distribution, abundance, composition and length-weight relationships of some commercially important fish were investigated and compared for both cruises. The results indicates that the overall catch rate ranged from 3.5 to 194 kg/hr and averaged at 55.9 kg/hr during the 3 rd cruise. For the 4 th cruise, it ranged from 10.9 to 90.5 kg/hr and averaged at 50.2 kg/hr. During the 3 rd cruise, 46.9% of the catch were dominated by demersal fish followed by 41.6% trash fish, 7.

- by Daud Awang
- •
- South China Sea, Species Distribution, Species Composition, Length Weight Relationship

Lengthweight relationship along with condition factor was studied in five subpopulations of Tri
chogaster lalius collected from five different habitats of central and eastern parts of India characterized by dif
ferent environmental conditions. Results of the current lengthweight relationship study show that there is
significant difference from the isometric b (3.0) value in the subpopulations of Lucknow Pond, River Gomti
and Kolkata Pond, whereas there is no significant difference in the Malihabad and Barabanki subpopula
tions. This clearly indicates the negative allometric (b < 3) growth in the specimens collected from Lucknow,
River Gomti and Kolkata and these subpopulations do not follow the cube law strictly. A positive straight line
correlation was found between length and weight as the values of coefficient of correlation (r) of all the sub
populations of T. lalius varied between 0.92–0.97. The values obtained from covariance analysis for the dif
ference between slopes of regression line for the subpopulations suggested that separate equations are
required for five subpopulations of T. lalius. The Fulton’s condition factor (K) was used to evaluate the con
dition or fatness of fish which showed that the growth in all the subpopulations of T. lalius is satisfactory

- by Ankur Kashyap
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- Length Weight Relationship

Con el objetivo de determinar diferencias en el crecimiento de la concha de abanico Argopecten purpuratus procedentes de diferentes lugares, se realizaron dos experimentos de cultivo comparativo en sistemas suspendidos, tales como "pearl-nets" y linternas. El primer experimento se realizó con semillas obtenidas en laboratorio (IMARPE) y semillas silvestres colectadas en Bahía Independencia, Pisco; en el segundo, las semillas fueron colectadas de banco natural en Bahía Samanco y Lagunillas, Pisco. El trabajo se realizó en la playa "El Carbón", Pucusana. Para ambas experiencias se estimaron tasas de crecimiento, los parámetros K y L∞, índice de crecimiento (Φ) y factor de condición (FC). Se aplicó un análisis de covarianza (ANCOVA) y una prueba t para comparar las curvas de regresión longitud-peso.

- by Jorge Bautista
- •
- Length Weight Relationship, Growth rate, Genetic Variability, Condition Factor

Ikan lemuru merupakan jenis ikan hasil tangkapan utama kegiatan perikanan di perairan Selat Bali yang status pemanfaatannya sudah mengalami lebih tangkap dan memerlukan upaya pengelolaan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan panjang dan bobot, faktor kondisi, serta struktur ukuran ikan lemuru di perairan Selat Bali. Pengumpulan data dilakukan pada bulan Agustus 2010 hingga Desember 2011 dengan metode survei dan pengamatan langsung di lapangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa hubungan panjang dan bobot ikan lemuru mengikuti persamaan W=0,007FL3,167 dan memiliki pola pertumbuhan allometrik positif (b>3) namun pada setiap bulannya mengalami perubahan pola pertumbuhan. Nilai faktor kondisi relatif berkisar antara 0,95-1,28 dan berfluktuasi setiap bulannya. Hasil ini diduga dipengaruhi oleh ketersediaan makanan. Ikan lemuru berukuran kecil atau“sempenit (<11cmFL) banyak tertangkap pada bulan Agustus dan September 2010 serta Juli dan November2011 dan diduga pada waktu tersebut terjadi awal rekruitmen.
KATA KUNCI: Hubungan panjang bobot, faktor kondisi, struktur ukuran, ikan lemuru, SelatBali

- by Arief Wujdi
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- Fisheries Biology, Length Weight Relationship, SARDINE

Biological parameters of Pseudocurimata boulengeri (Characiformes: Curimatidae) inhabiting the Chongón dam, Ecuador. Pseudocurimata boulengeri is an endemic species of Ecuador, which sustains a large group of fisher families. The biological data of this species correspond to reports from lotic systems of Los Ríos province; nevertheless, their trend in a lentic system is not yet known. This paper describes the sex ratio, length-weight relationship, gonad development, spawning season and size at reproductive maturity of P. boulengeri, inhabiting the lentic system of Chongón dam, Ecuador. Fish were caught between 2003 and 2009 using gill nets (2.5”). The total length (Lt) of caught specimens ranged from 10.5 to 35.5 cm, spawning occurred between the months of October and March, and size at first maturity for females was estimated at 17.9 cm (Lt) and 20.0 cm (Lt) for males. Between May and October male and female ratios were as expected (1:1), whereas for May, November and April, females ratios were higher than males, situation that coincided with the spawning season. The limnetic conditions and high production characteristics of Chongón dam, have promoted the availability of a great amount of food for this species, which may have allowed P. boulengeri to have a more extended reproductive season in this favorable environment. Rev. Biol. Trop. 64 (1): 131-146. Epub 2016 March 01.

- by Biología Tropical
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- Reproduction, Fisheries, Sex ratio, Fishes

"The length-weight relationships of 12 freshwater fish species collected using various mesh size of gill nets and cast nets from Kerian River basin in Perak and Pedu Lake in Kedah were estimated. Devario regina, Rasbora sumatrana, Puntius binotatus, Labiobarbus lineatus, Cyclocheilichthys apogon
and Crossocheilus oblongus were caught from the Kerian River and its tributaries. Meanwhile in the Pedu Lake, there were Puntius schwanenfeldii, Notopterus notopterus, Chela sp., Mystacoleucus marginatus, Osteochilus microcephalus, and Puntius gonionotus. Fish total length (TL) and standard length (SL) and weight were recorded. The values of constants a and b were determined from the length and weight data which transform into the linear equation of lnW=lna+blnL. These parameters were then fitted to the parabolic equation, W=aL . The length-weight relationships o b f fish from both areas were significantly different at P<0.001 and the growth exponents, b, for the fishes varied from 2.665 to 4.106. The values show that most of the fishes collected from the Kerian River basin were of positive allometric growth, while the fishes from the Pedu Lake were of negative allometric forms. Based on their scores of growth exponents, the fishes were grouped into light (b<3.0), heavy (b>3.0) or isometric (b=3) indicating poor, over and symmetric growths of length and weight respectively. Crossocheilus. oblongus (b=2.8854) in the Kerian River basin belonged to the light group as well as Chela sp. (b=2.6653), M. marginatus (b=2.7046) and P. schwanenfeldii (b=2.8635) from the Pedu Lake. The heavy group from the Kerian River basin were L. lineatus (b=2.9906), D. regina (b=3.3001), C. apogon (b=3.5162), R. sumatrana (b=3.6101) and P. binotatus (b=4.1063). Meanwhile, in the Pedu Lake, this group of fish included O. microcephalus (b=3.0541), P. gonionotus (b=3.2340) and N. notopterus (b=3.2500). The condition factor of D. regina
reflecting its well being and degree of fatness, was compared in four Kerian River tributaries using the mean relative condition factor (Kn). Sungai Ijok provided a much better habitat for the fish with a Kn score of 1.2089±0.1882 followed by Sungai Mahang (1.0472±0.1671), Sungai Kangar (1.0212± 0.2295) and Sungai Selama (0.9105±0.1986). The fish habitat in Sungai Ijok was significantly different from those of Sungai Mahang and Sungai Selama and the habitats at the two latter rivers were statistically different from each other at P<0.05. The values of a, b and Kn varied with age and sex of the fish, wet and dry seasons, environmental conditions and water bodies as observed in the lotic and lentic environments of the Kerian River basin and Pedu Lake respectively."

- by Amir Shah Ruddin Md Sah
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- Zoology, Fisheries, Greece, Freshwater Fish Biology

Although the Brazilian sharpnose shark, Rhizoprionodon lalandii (Muller and Henle, 1839), is an inshore species widely distributed in the Western Atlantic from Panama to Uruguay, there is little available information on its biology. During a long-term study of small coastal sharks caught by gill net fisheries in southeastern Brazil (PROJETO CAÇÃO), 3643 specimens of R. lalandii were examined, comprising 61.3% of the total sharks, and including all sizes classes, from 30 to 78.5 cm TL, and weights from 100 to 2950 g. The length–weight relationships were not significantly different between sexes. Overall sex ratio favoured the males slightly at the rate of 1.3:1. Sex ratios, however, did differ significantly between season and size classes. This species occurred in this area all year long. Three seasonal size-class occurrence patterns were recognized: (1) between October and March, the juveniles were more frequent; (2) from April to July, adults were most common; and (3) from August to September, neonates were most numerically abundant. Such patterns were associated with reproductive tactics that may reduce intra-specific and inter-specific competition with hammerhead shark neonates (Sphyrna lewini), probably result in reduced natural mortality of the offspring during their first few months.

- by Fabio S. Motta
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- Fisheries, Population Biology, Ecology, Seasonality

The regression coefficient for Macrognathus aral juveniles and males were found to be lower than '3' indicating negative allometric pattern of growth where as in females it was greater than '3' suggesting positive allometric growth. Total body weight shows positive increase with total length in both male and female fishes. Different morphometric features like head length, snout length, dorsal fin length, pre dorsal length shows positive correlation with total length. Condition factor values in both male and female specimens gradually decreased before spawning season and start to increase again after the spawning season is over. Hepatosomatic index in female specimens attains peak value before spawning season and then shows a gradual decrease with the onset of spawning period.

- by JASH MATHEW
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- Length Weight Relationship, Condition Factor

In this paper, length-weight relationship and condition factor (K) for important Rohu-catla hybrid from lake Pichhola are described. Pichhola is freshwater lake, is situated in Udaipur district of Rajasthan. This study aimed to estimate the length-weight relationship and characterize the condition factor of Rohu-catla hybrid the most abundant and economically important species in lake Pichhola. The fish attained more weight per unit of length in early age (2 years) in the lake thus, showing a linear growth. The correlation coefficient was positive and highly significant (r = 0.982** and 0.793**) in length groups A (26-30 cm) and D (41-45 cm). The values of condition factor 'K' varied between 1.343-1.836. The high value of condition factor (K) in group A (1.836) and D (1.626) indicate higher increase in weight in relation to length.

- by Dr. Nakul bhatt
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- Length Weight Relationship

Age, growth, mortality, maturity and diet were analysed for 210 common dentex from 17 to 83 cm TL collected off the island of Mallorca from 1993 to 1995. The length composition by sex showed no differences between females and males.

- by Joan Moranta
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- Reproduction, Fisheries, Life history, Ecology

El pargo coliamarillo Lutjanus argentiventris (Peters, 1869) fue capturado durante faenas experimentales de pesca realizadas en el Parque Nacional Natural Gorgona (Colombia) entre marzo de 1997 y diciembre de 2000. La talla promedio de captura (longitud total, LT) fue de 482 mm y la proporción machos: hembras fue de 1:1,2. Se observaron hembras en avanzado estado de madurez sexual durante todo el tiempo y no se observó un patrón claro de máximos reproductivos. La talla promedio de madurez sexual fue de 515 mm LT. El análisis de la relación longitudpeso no mostró diferencias significativas entre sexos y estuvo dada por la ecuación PT = (6,259 * 10 -6 ) LT 3,12 . Se estimaron los parámetros de crecimiento para machos y hembras, en el período de El Niño y el período de La Niña. Las ecuaciones de crecimiento de Von Bertalanffy estimadas para la especie, en general, fueron LT = 950 (1 -e (-0,20 (t + 0,72)) ) y PT = 12218 (1 -e (-0,20 (t + 0,72)) ) 3,12 . La mortalidad natural estimada de acuerdo con Ralston (1987) y Pauly (1980) fue 0,43 y 0,45 respectivamente. La CPUE muestra máximos de abundancia en mayo y septiembre, y una disminución drástica de la abundancia el año 2000. En general hay claras diferencias entre las poblaciones de L. argentiventris de México y Gorgona, Colombia.

- by Angel Villa
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- Sex ratio, Length Weight Relationship, Total Length, INVESTIGACIONES

Length-weight relationship (LWR), condition factor (K c & K n) and stomach contents of European seabass Dicentrarchus labrax were studied at Bardawil lagoon, North Sinai, Egypt. The fish were collected monthly from landing site during the fishing season 2008 (April-December 2008). The LWR had a significant correlation for this species and the growth exponent (b) was not significantly different from 3 which indicates an isometric growth. Condition factor values were higher than the value one, and varied with size and season. Stomach contents revealed that this species is carnivorous and that diet composition varies seasonally and by length.

- by Sahar F Mehanna
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- Biometry, Nigeria, Seasonality, Cichlids

The age and growth of the gilt-head sea bream, Sparus aurutu L., were determined from specimens collected in the Mima estuary (northern Adriatic) during December (1990, 1991, 1992, 1993). Mean length at age data, as derived using scale readings, were used to estimate the growth parameters of the von Bertalanffy equation: L = 59.8 cm, K = 0.15, t, =-1.71; W, = 5554 g, K = 0.09 and ta =-2.64. Length-weight relationship was estimated at: W = 0.0112 L3.0s2. Natural mortality was found to be M = 0.32 per year (formula of D. Pauly, 1980) and M = 0.41 per year (formula of V.A.

- by Jakov Dulčić
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- Fisheries, Ecology, Growth, Age

The length-weight relationships of 1650 Rastrelliger kanagurta (Cuvier, 1817) including 860 female and 790 male collected from July 2009 to June 2012 from the commercial landings at Karachi Fish Harbour West Wharf are presented in this study. The mean value of TL for male was 228 mm and female was 231 mm and mean weight range for male was 147g and female was 156 g it means that females are heavier than males. The regression showed highly significant (P < 0.01) values coefficient of correlation (r 2) ranges from 0.876 (female) and 0.795 (male). The mean regression value of b was 2.711, 2.922 and 2.838 for male, female and combined sexes respectively. The t-test (P < 0.05) shows that the difference amongst mean values was statistically significant as well.

- by Shagufta Riaz
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- Morphometrics, Length Weight Relationship
- by Vladimir Puentes
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- Sex ratio, Length Weight Relationship, Total Length, INVESTIGACIONES

The relation between length (L) and weight (W) was estimated for 32 species representing 12 families of fishes from six water resources in the Marmara region, Turkey. The parameter b ranged from 2.66 to 3.56. For 12 species length–weight... more

- by Özcan Gaygusuz
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- Zoology, Applied, Length Weight Relationship

Data and information are needed to avert the alarming decline and initiate conservation measures for three threatened fishes, Labeo boga (Hamilton, 1822), Nandus nandus (Hamilton, 1822) and Puntius ticto (Hamilton, 1822), from the Ganges River and surrounding ecosystems. These fishes are decreasing rapidly due to high fishing pressures as well as environmental degradation. This study furnishes the lengthweight relationships (LWRs), length-length relationships (LLRs) and form factor (a 3.0 ) of these three threatened species from the Ganges River, northwestern Bangladesh. A total of 773 specimens from the three species and two families used for this study were caught by traditional fishing gear between April 2011 and March 2012. The analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) revealed significant differences between the sexes in LWRs for L. boga (P < 0.001), but not with the remaining species (P > 0.05). Furthermore, the LLRs were highly correlated (r 2 > 0.983; P < 0.001), and ANCOVA analyses additionally indicated that LLRs did not differ between sexes (P > 0.05). The calculated form factor (a 3.0 ) was 0.0111, 0.0159 and 0.0129 for L. boga, N. nandus and P. ticto, respectively. This study presents the first references on LWRs, LLRs and form factor for these three threatened species in Bangladesh. The results would be useful for further studies on the population assessment and sustainable conservation of the limited stocks in the Ganges River ecosystem.

- by M. Hossain
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- Zoology, Biodiversity, Length Weight Relationship, Pseudophoxinus

n, sample size; Min., minimum; Max., maximum; a and b, intercept and slope of length-weight relationship; 95% CI of b, confidence intervals of b; r 2 , coefficient of determination.

- by Ali Ismen
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- Zoology, Length Weight Relationship

In this study, population features (age and sex composition, condition factor, growth and mortality) and reproductive biology of golden grey mullet, Liza aurata (Risso, 1810), were determined on speciments collected from the Middle Black Sea coast (between Sinop-Samsun) between October 2001 and October 2002. The age composition varied between 1 and 6, with age group 3 dominant. The population composed

- by Orhan Ak and +1
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- Reproductive Biology, Seasonality, Length Weight Relationship, Total Length

Concrete tank culture of Clarias gariepinus is one of the most common fish farming systems in Nigeria. There is therefore need to know the growth pattern and condition of this fish in concrete tanks as there has been information on those from the wild and indoor recirculation system tanks. Length-Weight Relationship of C. gariepinus juveniles reared in concrete tanks in Aleluya Farm, Woji, Port Harcourt, Nigeria was studied. The fish samples were sexed, the lengths and weights measured according to standard methods. Temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen (DO) and ammonia (NH4) were determined following standard methods. The "b" value for the males was 7.74 while that of the females was 6.96 and combined sexes 7.87. The regression equation was Log W=-65.78+7.87 Log L (r = 0.90). Condition factor ranged between 1.06 (males) and 1.15 (females). The water quality parameters were within the acceptable range for fish production. C. gariepinus juveniles reared in concrete tanks exhibi...

- by Onome Davies
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- Zoology, Environmental Toxicology, Biology, Ecology

The Length-weight relationship and relative condition factor of Lepidocephalichthys guntea (Hamilton, 1822) was studied for male, female and male & female combined (combined) of Ghati beel of Dhemaji District of Assam, India. The growth coefficient value ‘b’ in female is the highest (3.76) followed by combined (3.02) and the lowest in male (2.66). The negative allometric growth interestingly observed in male may be due to loss of energy during breeding behavior of the present study. The value of Correlation coefficient ‘r’ in male, female and combined was estimated at 0.92, 0.93 and 0.91 respectively. The value of relative condition factor (Kn) in male, female and combined varied from 0.78 –1.25, 0.75–1.21 and 0.76–1.34 respectively which show good general condition of the fish.

During the present study, 107 specimens of Atlantoraja castelnaui, 188 of A. platana, and 770 of A. cyclophora, were obtained by commercial vessels operating in Southeastern Brazil from March 2005 to April 2006. Males of A. castelnaui ranged from 17.9-111.0 cm and females from 17.4-116.0 cm total length. Males of A. platana ranged from 13.1-70.0 cm and females from 12.5-76.0 cm total length. Males of A. cyclophora ranged from 13.3-58.5 cm and females from 11.5-68.0 cm total length. Length-weight curves were sexually dimorphic in the three species. The analysis of the angular coefficient (b) demonstrated that growth (in weight) in relation to length was allometric (b >3) in males of A. castelnaui and A. platana, while isometric (b = 3) in females of these species. Conversely, growth of A. cyclophora was isometric in males, while in females it was allometric (b >3). The condition factor varied significantly throughout the year only in females of A. castelnaui.

- by Joan Moranta
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- Reproduction, Fisheries, Life history, Ecology

Several aspects of the biology of Bathypolypus sponsalis were studied from 297 individuals (115 males, 180 females and 2 indeterminates) caught in a depth range of 200±800 m depth in the western Mediterranean Sea. The paper presents data on sizes (length-weight relationships, size-frequency distributions) and reproduction (sex ratio, maturation, condition), and also analyses of the diet of B. sponsalis from samples taken throughout the year. Length-weight relationships showed that females are heavier than males at the same mantle length. Although mature individuals were found all year round, the maximum number occurred in spring and summer. Sexual maturation data revealed that males mature at smaller sizes than females. The gonadosomatic index increased with maturity in both sexes; the increase was gradual in males, but abrupt in females. The digestive gland index was used as a condition index and showed a dierential behaviour with maturity; it increased gradually in females, but decreased in males. Like other octopus species, B. sponsalis appears to be an opportunistic predator, feeding on a great variety of preys. Stomach content analysis yielded a total of 19 dierent prey items belonging to four major groups (Crustacea, Mollusca, Ophiuroidea and Osteichthya). The ®rst three groups were the more frequent preys, since crustaceans, molluscs and ophiuroids appeared in 76%, 49% and 30% of the stomachs, respectively. Decapoda Reptantia (among crustaceans) and cephalopods and bivalves (among molluscs) constituted the more abundant prey items. While the Decapoda Reptantia group was signi®cantly more abundant in stomach contents of females, gastropods were taken more frequently by males. These dierences in diet could reveal females as a more active predators than males.

- by María González
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- Marine Biology, Biological Sciences, Environmental Sciences, Sex ratio