Ornamental Fish Research Papers - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

The Indian ornamental fish industry is divided into two-the domestic market and the export market. 90% of the freshwater ornamental fish exported from India are wild caught indigenous species. The study formed the criteria and indicators assessing the sustainability of wild caught ornamental fish exported from India. These indicators were then analyzed for their interactions, connections, linkages and relationships using cognitive mapping. The work is first of its kind in the ornamental fisheries.

Hippocampus reidi is one of the most popular seahorse species in the aquarium trade. The commercial breeding of this species is an alternative to reducing the fishing pressure on natural populations. Two experiments with newly born juveniles were conducted in this study to assess salinity tolerance (Lethal Time for 50% of the population-LT 50), survival and growth during the first 10 days of life. A third experiment determined the isosmot-ic point of adults. The highest LT 50 was observed at 10 psu, followed by 15, 20, 25, 30, and 35 psu, and the lowest LT 50 was recorded at 5 psu. A negative relationship between salinity and final weight and between salinity and final height was observed through the regressions performed, such that a decrease in salinity (until the lowest level analysed; 10 psu) implied a higher growth in height and weight. The highest survival rates were observed between the salinities 10 and 25 psu. The isosmotic point of the species was determined at 11.68 psu (303.38 mOsm/kg), which is in agreement with the salinity where the best salinity results were observed in the first two experiments. Using an intermediate salinity to produce H. reidi on a commercial scale would be advantageous because of survival and growth improvement in addition to requiring a lower seawater uptake and less cost for purchase artificial salt.

- by Maik Cividanes and +1
- •
- Survival, Ornamental Fish, ORNAMENTAL FISH AQUACULTURE, Threatened Species

The Bornean Spotted Barb is endemic fish species and widely distributed throughout Borneo in various freshwater bodies and can be considered as a potential aquaculture candidate for food security and the ornamental trade. However there has yet to be scientific studies on the early life history and developmental stages of this species. Thus the present study reveals the embryonic development of Puntius sealei embryo, from fertilization to post-hatching using the induced breeding method. The induced spawning on P. sealei using Ovaprim hormone at a dose of 0.5 ml/kg for females and 0.25ml/kg for males respectively was successfully conducted and the embryonic development of the fertilized eggs were observed. The zygote, cleavage, blastula, gastrula, segmentation, and larval phases were the six major stages of embryogenesis that investigated in this experiment. This study contributed major knowledge to the early developmental biology of this particular species. The information will be useful for accessing the potentiality of this species for aquaculture as well as the management, and production of the species.

- by Abdulla- Al-Asif and +1
- •
- Ornamental Fish, Segmentation, Induced Breeding, Biodiversity In Borneo
- by Slim Shady
- •
- Ornamental Fish, ORNAMENTAL FISH AQUACULTURE

... 6 Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar (CESAM)/Departamento de Biologia da Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal. *Correspondence: Ike Olivotto,. *Correspondence: Corresponding author.... more

- by Ricardo Calado
- •
- Marine Aquaculture, Aquaculture, Aquaculture nutrition, Ornamental Fish

Tamilnadu has a remarkable history in omamental fish breeding and is deemed to be the uncrowned kings in lndian omamental fish sectorfortheirexperience and expertise, production quantity, variety and whatsoever. Yet the breeders of the state face a numberof issues in enhancing production. The present papertriesto analysethefactorsthat hampertheomamentalfish production sector in Tamilnadu.The paper is an outcome of an MPEDA/UNCTAD funded Pnrject on "Developing Sfrategies to Network Ornamental Fish Breeders in lndia for Enhancing Exportf',which canied outasurveyof lT03breedersinfivestatesof lndia(i.e. Kerala, Kamataka,Tamilnadu, Maharashtra and West Bengal) of which 298 breederswere from Tamilnadu. The study also noted that high percentage of breeders who carried out ornamental fish breeding exclusively was found in this state unlike other five states surveyed. The districts that have high percentage of breeders are Thiruvalur, Madurai, Dindigul and Tuticorin. Kulathur is hailed nationally and internationally as a unique model in ornamental fisheries development and contributiontowads livelihood. General constidints for the ornamental fish breeding sector in lndia are the lack of availability of brood stock and difficulty in marketing and hence the prcject tried to identify the issues specific to each of the five states selected for the study. The respondent breeders of Tamilnadu ranked high electricity charges to be the major constraint in production expansion followed by lack of technical advice, difficulty in obtaining finance. The breeders had to pay electricity charges as per the commercial industrial charge of Rs.7.50/Unit. Waterwas not of good quality in many places in Tamilnadu due to high pH and hardness. Many breeders expressed the need for experts' in disease diagnosis and treatment. They added that the traditionat way of collecting live feed had its social and health issues and wished for training on live feed culture. Capacity building at all levels is crucialforthe sectorwhich contributes much to the economy and livelihood of the state.

- by Mini Sekharan
- •
- India, Ornamental Fish

Global audiences are increasingly being exposed to digital media with fictitious storylines that draw on animal characters involuntarily entering wildlife trades. An understudied problem in wildlife trade is the potential for motion pictures to influence their audience’s desire to become more acquainted, often via acquisition, with animals portrayed in the films. The 2003 Disney motion picture Finding Nemo connected audiences with a wildlife trade already commonplace: the marine aquarium trade. In this trade, fisheries supply live coral reef organisms to millions of public and private aquaria worldwide. Here, we examine the perception and reality of Finding Nemo’s impact (coined the “Nemo Effect”) on the fisheries of the species complex representing the film’s primary protagonist “Nemo” (Amphiprion ocellaris/percula). Import and export figures show little evidence for fan-based purchases of wild-caught fish immediately
(within 1.5 years of release) following the film. We argue that the perceived impact on these species, driven by popular media with an emotive but scientifically uninformed approach to conserving coral reef ecosystems, can be more damaging to the cause of conservation than helpful. This perspective is intended to encourage marine aquarium trade stakeholders to consider the ecological and social repercussions of both media driven consumption and opposition to the trade. Using lessons learned from Finding Nemo, we discuss the likely impacts the sequel, Finding Dory, will have on wild populations of its protagonist “Dory” (Paracanthurus hepatus).

- by Simon Foale and +1
- •
- Coral Reefs, Fisheries Management, Fair Trade, Environmentalism

This work addresses the most relevant advances in the breeding and rearing of marine ornamental
species. The main breakthroughs in marine ornamental fish culture are discussed, with seahorses
deserving a section of their own as a result of their conservation status and unique biology. Details
on spawning, embryo development, larval rearing, plankton culturing, and tank design are presented.
In addition, with the increase in popularity of ornamental invertebrates in reef aquariums, details
on the culturing techniques of some of the most traded invertebrate groups (e.g., live rocks, corals,
anemones, polychaetes, mollusks, decapod crustaceans and echinoderms) are also discussed. Finally,
the last part of this work highlights the concerns toward the establishment of sustainable collection,
production, and trading practices for marine ornamentals as well as the urgent need to develop
reliable traceability protocols to distinguish sustainably caught and/or cultured specimens from wild
ones. This work represents not only an exhaustive and updated bibliographical source but also a
starting point for all those who want to contribute to the development of this fascinating research field.

- by Nuno Simoes
- •
- Marine Aquaculture, Aquaculture, Aquaculture nutrition, Ornamental Fish
- by Ramachandran Alappat and +1
- •
- Fisheries, Fisheries Management, Ornamental Fish, ORNAMENTAL FISH AQUACULTURE

The supply chain of exotic ornamental fish for domestic marketing includes breeders at the first step followed by wholesalers, retailers and consumer/hobbyist where as the chain for export marketing includes breeders, suppliers, exporters and consumers/hobbyist abroad. The trend towards traceability, certification and improved farm management is driving responsibilities down the market chain to the breeders/breeding sector. Tomey (1997) pointed out that, with regards to recent developments in European legislation, tracking i.e. following a shipment from point of export to import and tracing i.e. the ability to follow the consignment all the way back to its original source, for example, a particular breeder or farm for health and welfare for all items are becoming a basic issue. Ornamental fish breeding/production has evolved from a pursuit into a sustainable livelihood alternative, comparable to agriculture or other activities of fisheries in India. Of late, this sector has been accorded wide recognition as a potent instrument for providing employment opportunities, slowing urban migrations, alleviating poverty, contributing to national income growth, and promoting equitable distribution of income and enhancing foreign exchange. In spite of the fact that India has conducive conditions for ornamental fish breeding, the production from the breeding sector is to the level of 100 Million fish per year. The ornamental fish export was to the tune of 535 Lakh (US $1.27 million) in 2008 (MPEDA, 2008). The demand for exotic fishes is high in the international ornamental fish markets such as USA, Europe, and UK. It is noted that in the domestic market for ornamental fishes, the supply from the breeding sector does not meet the domestic demand, which points at the fact that there remains no surplus stock for export. The domestic market for ornamental fishes in India is basically a sellers market and anything bred is devoured by the market without even considering the quality of it. For an industry to improve, the production level has to increase and the quality of the product also has to be enhanced.

- by Mini Sekharan
- •
- Marketing, Fisheries, Fisheries Management, Aquaculture

Global audiences are increasingly being exposed to digital media with fictitious storylines that draw on animal characters involuntarily entering wildlife trades. An understudied problem in wildlife trade is the potential for motion pictures to influence their audience's desire to become more acquainted, often via acquisition, with animals portrayed in the films. The 2003 Disney motion picture Finding Nemo connected audiences with a wildlife trade already commonplace: the marine aquarium trade. In this trade, fisheries supply live coral reef organisms to millions of public and private aquaria worldwide. Here, we examine the perception and reality of Finding Nemo's impact (coined the “Nemo Effect”) on the fisheries of the species complex representing the film's primary protagonist “Nemo” (Amphiprion ocellaris/percula). Import and export figures show little evidence for fan-based purchases of wild-caught fish immediately (within 1.5 years of release) following the film. We argue that the perceived impact on these species, driven by popular media with an emotive but scientifically uninformed approach to conserving coral reef ecosystems, can be more damaging to the cause of conservation than helpful. This perspective is intended to encourage marine aquarium trade stakeholders to consider the ecological and social repercussions of both media driven consumption and opposition to the trade. Using lessons learned from Finding Nemo, we discuss the likely impacts the sequel, Finding Dory, will have on wild populations of its protagonist “Dory” (Paracanthurus hepatus).

- by Simon Foale
- •
- Biology, Coral Reefs, Ecology, Fisheries Management
- by Luís M . Manjarrés Martínez
- •
- Comercio, Ornamental Fish, Pesca, Seguimiento
- by MONJIT PAUL
- •
- Phd Writing, PhD Thesis, Ornamental Fish, ORNAMENTAL FISH AQUACULTURE
- by Mini Sekharan and +1
- •
- Fisheries, Fisheries Management, India, Ornamental Fish

Malaysia is the world's major producer and exporter of ornamental fish, contributing 9% to the global trade and taking the second position after Singapore. Because of their artistic appeal and tremendous commercial value for international trade, ornamental fish recently gain rapid importance for foreign exchange and as a source of employment. While ornamental fish production is growing, there is an increase in infectious diseases, resulting in high fish mortality with significant economic loss. Bacterial disease is a serious problem for ornamental fish industry. Bacterial species surveillance in diseased freshwater ornamental fish from an aquarium shop reveals that Aeromonas hydrophila is the most dominant bacteria isolated. Consequently, Malaysia is stepping up its efforts by implementing the Economic Transformation Program and other biosecurity steps to address the aquaculture issues and encourage the regrowth of the ornamental fish market. Chemotherapeutic medications, phytobiotics, probiotics, yeast extracts, vaccines, and disinfectants can be used in controlling bacteria. Further studies should be done to find new antibacterial agents from natural sources to combat bacterial fish diseases and reduce fish mortality rate in sustainable aquaculture farms. This review summarizes the literature on ornamental fish industries and aquaculture production in relation to A. hydrophila-associated diseases and ornamental fish health management in Malaysia.

- by Veterinary World
- •
- Fisheries, Fish Biology, Fish Diseases, Marine Science

O presente trabalho propõe-se divulgar a avaliação do comércio e pesca de Peixes Ornamentais no município de Barcelos, Amazonas, Brasil, que se encontra atualmente em declínio e dos diversos fatores que conduziram a esta situação, bem como a descrição dos impactos socioeconómicos desta atividade, analise do desempenho da cadeia produtiva desta pesca e identificação dos fatores críticos à melhoria desse mesmo desempenho, de forma a contribuir para que esta atividade se torne mais rentável e que as condições socioeconómicas dos pescadores sejam melhoradas, sempre garantido a prática de uma pesca sustentável. Este trabalho está organizado em dois capítulos, onde no primeiro é descrita a pesca Ornamental no Município de Barcelos (perfil socioeconómico dos pescadores, espécies-alvo, apetrechos utilizados, técnicas de captura, etnoconhecimento e um breve relato pessoal do dia-á-dia de um pescador ornamental). No segundo capítulo é abordada a atual situação comercial da pesca ornamental no município de Barcelos (comercialização internacional, comercialização do estado do Amazonas, principais países importadores, principais espécies exportadas, comercialização do Cardinal (paracheirodon axlrodi), cadeia produtiva do município de Barcelos- AM)

- by Vanessa Ferreira
- •
- Amazonia, Environmental Sustainability, Small scale fisheries, Ornamental Fish

DNA barcoding is an effective technique of species identification. The large reference library of DNA barcode should be enriched from every region and may be assessed together with morphological taxonomy for species authentication. In this study, a total of 27 fish samples belonging to 21 different species having ornamental relevance were collected and morphologically identified from Manipur, Northeast India. DNA was isolated from muscle tissue of samples and then COI barcode region was amplified using universal fish primers, sequenced and submitted to NCBI (Accession nos. JQ713844 -JQ713860). The sample sequences were identified through similarity search in two databases : GenBank and BOLD. Both the databases revealed definitive identity matches in the range of 98.37% -100% for 44% of the species. This indicated that the database still lacks reference data of ornamental fishes of Manipur and this study contributed new barcode sequences of ornamental fishes.

- by Khomdram Bijoya Devi
- •
- DNA Barcoding, Ornamental Fish, Manipur, COI

Survival during first months after birth is one of the bottlenecks for consolidating the seahorse
farming industry. In this work, Artemia metanauplii enriched with two highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFA)
rich commercial emulsions with different docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) levels (63% and 14% of total lipids), a
vegetable oil with no DHA, and non-enriched Artemia as control, were used to feed 5-day-old juvenile
Hippocampus erectus for 60 days. Enriched Artemia had similar levels of DHA (13% and 9%), despite great
differences of DHA in the emulsions, with traces of DHA in non-enriched and vegetable oil enriched Artemia.
More than 20% of DHA was found in 24 h starved juveniles fed both DHA-enriched treatments, similar to
values in newly born juveniles, but those fed vegetable oil enriched Artemia or non-enriched Artemia had 5%
of DHA. Total lipid and protein levels were similar in juveniles from the four treatments. The n-3/n-6 ratio
was almost four-fold higher in seahorses fed DHA-enriched treatments compared to juveniles fed the nonenriched
treatments. Survival of seahorses only partially reflected the DHA levels: it was lower in the
vegetable oil treatment, similar in the seahorses fed Artemia with higher DHA and in the control treatment,
and higher in seahorses fed the HUFA-enriched Artemia with lower DHA levels, although growth was similar
in the two DHA-enriched Artemia treatments. Juvenile H. erectus seahorses perform better when they have at
least 20% of DHA in their tissues, and these levels can be attained with no more than 14% of DHA in
emulsions, eliminating the need for more expensive emulsions with higher DHA levels.

- by Maite Mascaró and +2
- •
- Marine Aquaculture, Aquaculture, Aquaculture nutrition, Ornamental Fish

Indonesia memiliki keragaman jenis ikan hiu dan pari yang cukup tinggi. Tidak kurang dari 200 jenis hiu dan pari ditemukan di perairan Indonesia, mulai dari perairan tawar hingga laut dalam. Beberapa jenis hiu dan pari memiliki bentuk yang unik dan corak yang eksotik sehingga dapat dijadikan sebagai ikan hias akuarium maupun ikan display yang menjadi daya tarik pengunjung di tempat-tempat hiburan. Tidak kurang dari 30 jenis hiu dan pari yang biasa dijadikan ikan hias berasal dari Suku Hemiscyllidae, Scyliorhinidae, Heterodontidae, Stegostomatidae, Carcharhinidae, Dasyatidae, Rhinidae, Rhinobatidae, dan Myliobatidae.
Jenis hiu dan pari yang paling umum dijadikan ikan hias adalah jenis yang hidupnya berasosiasi dengan karang. Beberapa hiu dan pari yang menjadi ikan hias merupakan ikan-ikan endemik Indonesia yang keberadaan dan sebarannya di alam sangat terbatas.
Berdasarkan status konservasinya beberapa jenis diantaranya bahkan
telah memiliki status rawan punah dalam daftar merah IUCN. Di pasar
internasional, justru jenis-jenis tersebut yang banyak diminati dan
memiliki harga jual tinggi. Untuk itu, diperlukan adanya langkah-langkah
pengelolaan yang tepat dalam upaya pemanfaatan hiu dan pari sebagai
komoditi ikan hias.

- by Fahmi LIPI
- •
- Conservation, Ornamental Fish, Elasmobranchs
- by Sandipan Gupta
- •
- Trade, Ornamental Fish

This work addresses the most relevant advances in the breeding and rearing of marine ornamental species. The main breakthroughs in marine ornamental fish culture are discussed, with seahorses deserving a section of their own as a result of their conservation status and unique biology. Details on spawning, embryo development, larval rearing, plankton culturing, and tank design are presented. In addition, with the increase in popularity of ornamental invertebrates in reef aquariums, details on the culturing techniques of some of the most traded invertebrate groups (e.g., live rocks, corals, anemones, polychaetes, mollusks, decapod crustaceans and echinoderms) are also discussed. Finally, the last part of this work highlights the concerns toward the establishment of sustainable collection, production, and trading practices for marine ornamentals as well as the urgent need to develop reliable traceability protocols to distinguish sustainably caught and/or cultured specimens from wild ones. This work represents not only an exhaustive and updated bibliographical source but also a starting point for all those who want to contribute to the development of this fascinating research field.

- by Miquel Planas
- •
- Marine Aquaculture, Aquaculture, Aquaculture nutrition, Ornamental Fish

We present one year of buying and selling data of the yellow coral goby (Gobiodon okinawae) in Banggai Laut District, Banggai Archipelago, Central Sulawesi, Indonesia. This data is the first to demonstrate that this species is being captured and exported from the region to be sold in the global saltwater aquarium trade. We present frequency, volume, mortality, as well as profit margin for collecting and selling this species. We also describe first-hand observation of how these fish are typically caught in the region. Additionally, we argue that harvesting the yellow coral goby presents a potentially sustainable alternative or additional source of income for fishers, especially compared to targeting another popular aquarium species in the region, the royal blue tang (Paracanthurus hepatus). For the former species, fishers use a large scoop net known as a "serok", while for the latter, fishers often use illegal chemical anesthetics. While more still needs to be understood about the trade in yellow coral goby in Banggai Laut District, this data provides initial insight into the trade and its livelihood and sustainability potential.

- by Abigail Moore
- •
- Fisheries, Environmental Sustainability, Small scale fisheries, Ornamental Fish

RESUMO Neste artigo, a dinâmica da pesca ornamental no município de Barcelos (Amazonas) foi avaliada sob a ótica das teorias de sistemas socioecológicos e resiliência. Utilizando o ciclo adaptativo como um modelo heurístico, apresentamos os atores sociais envolvidos na atividade, sua história, relação com uso múltiplo de recursos naturais e sugerimos alguns fatores determinantes para seu colapso. Apesar da pesca ornamental ser ecológica e socialmente viável, fatores econômicos contribuíram fortemente para o seu declínio. O tradicional uso de múltiplos recursos naturais, programas sociais de transferên-cia de renda e oportunidades na pesca esportiva e comercial são fatores que estão contribuindo para a reorganização do sistema. Os efeitos dessas mudanças ainda não são conhecidos, mas um aumento na pressão sobre estoques pesqueiros pode afetar negativamente a resiliência do sistema ecológico local.
ABSTRACT We characterize the dynamics of ornamental fishing in the municipality of Barcelos (Brazilian Amazon) from the perspective of socio-ecological systems and resilience theory. Using the adaptive cycle as a heuristic model, we present the social actors involved in the activity, its history and some factors related to its collapse is suggested. Although ornamental fishing might be ecologically and socially viable, economic factors contributed greatly to its decline. The traditional use of multiple natural resources, cash transfer programs and income opportunities from the commercial and sport fishing, are factors that are contributing to the reorganization of the system. The effects of these changes are not known yet, but an increase in fishing pressure on stocks can adversely affect the resilience of the ecological system.

- by Thaissa Sobreiro
- •
- Amazonia, Resilience (Sustainability), Ornamental Fish, Fishing

Amatitlania nigrofasciata is a small freshwater fish species native to Central America. Is a popular ornamental fish that has been traded and cultivated for the aquarium industry, introduced into temperate and tropical regions across the world. Two specimens of A. nigrofasciata were collected from two small creeks draining into the Guavio River, upper Meta River in Mambita, Ubalá, Cundinamarca, Colombia in the Piedmont Orinoco ecoregion. This is the first record of A. nigrofasciata in natural freshwaters of Colombia and the Orinoco River basin. Diagnostic characters of species and updated distribution at country level are provided.

- by Guido Herrera and +1
- •
- Colombia, Freshwater Biology, Ornamental Fish, Fishes

The present study showed that Carassius auratus, breeds within September to March in freshwater and laboratory condition. It is a single breeder and highest percentage of gravid female occurs in December (87.5%). The GSI and GLI ranged from 2.43 to 8.0 and 2.38 to 25.03 respectively. Both GSI and GLI were highest in December (8.0) and (25.03) but lowest value of GSI was in September and GLI was in August. The mature and ripe ova occur in December (1.48±0.03), January (1.42±0.04) and February (1.39±0.07). The relationship between fecundity and total length; fecundity and body weight; fecundity and ovary weight were -11545+1066x, r = 0.64; -62418+2402x, r = 0.87 and -11494+13x, r = 0.99 respectively.

- by IOSR Journals
- •
- Biology, Ornamental Fish, GSI, Fecundity

Taurine (2 amino ethane sulfonic acid), is a semi-essential amino acid and an end product of the sulfur amino acid metabolism. The aim of this study was improving Rosy barb (Pethia conchonius) pigmentation. The fish (average weight 32 ± 7 mg and length 12.83 ± 1.82 mm) were divided into five different groups including control (basic diet without taurine and astaxanthin) and four different levels of taurine (0, 100, 250 & 500 mg/kg diet) with constant amount of astaxanthin (100 mg/kg diet) and fed for 60 days. The pigmentation analysis was done using digital camera photography and whole body biochemical carotenoid analysis and showed that the fish fed on 100 + 250 mg/kg of astaxanthin & taurine respectively had the highest levels of pigmentation. Adding taurine up to 250 (mg/kg diet) caused increasing total carcasses lipid, plasma triglyceride, cholesterol, LDL & HDL levels in compression to the fish fed on control diet (p<0.05). It could be concluded that dietary taurine supplementation could affect fish lipid metabolism and improve astaxanthin absorption, which lead to better pigmentation in Rosy barb.

- by Aquatic Animals Nutrition
- •
- Ornamental Fish, Pigments, Marketability, Taurine

The capture of ornamental fish is an important economic activity in Brazil. Most (79 %) of the live aquarium fish exported from this country are captured in the Amazon region, in particular in the basins of the Negro, Xingu, and Tapajós rivers. The capture of ornamental fish in the Xingu basin is now under threat from the impacts caused by the construction of the Belo Monte hydroelectric dam, which has resulted in habitat loss and changes in the river's hydrological cycle. An economic assessment of this fishery is needed to determine the magnitude of the possible impacts for the fishers over the long term. The present study estimated the costs and profitability of the fisheries that target ornamental species prior to the impoundment of the river, based on the records of the catches and economic income of 36 vessels. The results were positive, indicating that this activity was economically viable at that time. The harvesting of ornamental fish requires a mean initial investment of US$ 2,640.14, with a net profitability of 28.63 % for wooden canoes and 18.47 % for aluminum boats, providing the fishers with a net income of US$16.80 per fishing day. However, this income is extremely unstable due to the fluctuations in the capturability of the target species over the course of the year, and unpredictable oscillations in the demand for the most commercially valuable species. The predicted changes in the hydrological systems following the construction of the dam will likely result in a decrease in the economic yield of the fishery. Studies of this type are fundamentally important for the establishment of effective public policies for the fishery sector, and the mediation of socio-environmental impacts in the Amazon region.

- by Gregory Prang and +1
- •
- Ornamental Fish, Costs, Xingu River, Commercial Fishery

Background. The king angelfi sh, Holacanthus passer Valenciennes, 1846, is one of the principal species captured in the Gulf of California, Mexico, for the purpose of the aquarium trade. Although the species has been exploited for more than 40 years, studies have not yet been undertaken to understand the population parameters required for adequate management of the fi shery. The objective of this work was to describe for the fi rst time the growth and mortality of this species. The information provided in this study contributes to the generation of knowledge necessary to establish sustainable management practices. Materials and methods. The growth curve of the species was determined by applying a modal progression analysis of the sample length frequency distribution to determine the number of cohorts present through the multinomial statistic based on a probability function. Once the cohorts were identifi ed, the von Bertalanffy growth model was adjusted using a maximum likelihood function. To estimate the natural mortality rate and natural mortality-at-age, empirical methods were used. Were also estimated the size and age at fi rst maturity (L m , t m), the maximum age (t max), the fi shing mortality (F), the total mortality (Z), and the exploitation rate (E). Results. In total, 794 king angelfi sh were measured and weighed, including 659 juveniles and 135 adults. The total length of the fi sh ranged from 3 to 29 cm, and the weight was within 2–797 g. The potential weight–length relation was signifi cant (r 2 = 0.94; P > 0.01), showing a negative allometric curve with the parameters: a = 0.108 and b = 2.618. The parameters of the von Bertalanffy growth equation were: L ∞ = 37.894 cm, k = 0.127 year –1 , t 0 = – 0.658 years. The natural mortality rate was estimated to be 0.315 year –1. The following values were estimated for: L m = 21.835 cm, t m = 6.10 years, t max = 20.01 years, Z = 1.19 year –1 , F = 0.88 year –1 , and E = 0.74. Conclusion. Estimates of natural mortality could be linked to management measures such as catch quotas.

- by NORASHIKIN BINTI ANJUR (KKTNS)
- •
- Fisheries, Biology, Fish Biology, Fish Diseases

Survival during first months after birth is one of the bottlenecks for consolidating the seahorse farming industry. In this work, Artemia metanauplii enriched with two highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFA) rich commercial emulsions with different docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) levels (63% and 14% of total lipids), a vegetable oil with no DHA, and non-enriched Artemia as control, were used to feed 5-day-old juvenile Hippocampus erectus for 60 days. Enriched Artemia had similar levels of DHA (13% and 9%), despite great differences of DHA in the emulsions, with traces of DHA in non-enriched and vegetable oil enriched Artemia. More than 20% of DHA was found in 24 h starved juveniles fed both DHA-enriched treatments, similar to values in newly born juveniles, but those fed vegetable oil enriched Artemia or non-enriched Artemia had 5% of DHA. Total lipid and protein levels were similar in juveniles from the four treatments. The n-3/n-6 ratio was almost four-fold higher in seahorses fed DHA-enriched treatments compared to juveniles fed the nonenriched treatments. Survival of seahorses only partially reflected the DHA levels: it was lower in the vegetable oil treatment, similar in the seahorses fed Artemia with higher DHA and in the control treatment, and higher in seahorses fed the HUFA-enriched Artemia with lower DHA levels, although growth was similar in the two DHA-enriched Artemia treatments. Juvenile H. erectus seahorses perform better when they have at least 20% of DHA in their tissues, and these levels can be attained with no more than 14% of DHA in emulsions, eliminating the need for more expensive emulsions with higher DHA levels.

- by Nuno Simoes
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- Marine Aquaculture, Aquaculture, Aquaculture nutrition, Ornamental Fish

Fish commonly known as acaris or plecos are freshwater armored catfish economically important as a food resource and as ornamental fish. Most of these species are captured in the Amazon region. However, despite its economic importance, there is a lack of knowledge about their biological aspects. Thus, this study aimed to characterize and evaluate the histopathological aspects of important organs as gills, liver, integument and kidney of seven species of armored freshwater ornamental catfish from Guamá River, Pará State, Brazil. All organs showed typical characteristics of organs of other teleosts. In some species, gills and liver showed slight histopathological changes: telangiectasis, edema and morphological changes related to the presence of parasites (Monogenea and Digenea) in the gills, and changes in the arrangement of hepatocytes rows, and vacuolation of hepatocytes in the liver. Thus, the knowledge of the normal structure of organs and changes found can be used as tools for environmental and health monitoring of animals. Avaliação histopatológica em sete especies de cascudos ornamentais amazônicos RESUMO. Os peixes conhecidos como Acaris ou Cascudos são siluriformes de água doce com o corpo revestido por placas ósseas, economicamente importantes como fonte de alimento e peixes ornamentais. A maioria destas espécies é capturada na região amazônica. Contudo, apesar de sua importância econômica, há desconhecimento sobre os aspectos biológicos desses peixes. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi caracterizar e avaliar histologicamente órgãos importantes (brânquias, fígado, rim e tegumento) de sete espécies de peixes ornamentais de água doce do rio Guamá, Pará, Brasil. Todos os órgãos observados apresentaram as características típicas dos órgãos de teleósteos. Em algumas espécies, as brânquias e o fígado mostraram pequenas alterações histopatológicas: edema, telangiectasias e alterações morfológicas relacionadas com a presença de parasitas (Monogenea e Digenea) nas brânquias, e modificações no arranjo de linhas de cordões de hepatócitos e vacuolização destas células foram também observadas. Assim, o conhecimento da estrutura dos órgãos e as alterações encontradas podem ser utilizados como ferramentas para o monitoramento ambiental e sanitário dos animais. Palavras-chave: peixe, qualidade ambiental, Acaris, histologia.

- by Daniel G Diniz
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- Ornamental Fish, Amazon fishes

The present work proposes to disclose the socioeconomic characterization of Ornamental Fishery in the municipality of Barcelos, Amazonas, Brazil, an activity that is currently in decline. The Ornamental fishing in the municipality of Barcelos is described, as well the socioeconomic profile of the fishermen, the target species, the equipment used, the techniques of capture and the various problems this activity currently present.

- by Vanessa Ferreira
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- Fisheries, Amazonia, Ornamental Fish, Etnoconhecimento

There is a worldwide interest in seahorse culture to protect wild populations
from human predation for aquaria and to establish an industry in developing
countries. This study was undertaken to gather information on the lipid and
fatty acid status of wild caught seahorses to inform the development of aquarium
diets. Brood size, lipid classes, fatty acids, and pigments were analyzed
in newborn Hippocampus erectus juveniles from recently captured pregnant
wild males during January–March 2009–2010. The lipids of newborn seahorses
are composed of phospholipids (mean 75–80%), free cholesterol (8–10%),
cholesterol esters (4–9%), and acylglycerides (3–11%). The main pigments
were total carotenoids (mean 58–79 μg/g). The most abundant fatty acids in
newborn seahorses were 22:6n-3 (21–27%) and 20:4n-6 (7–9%). Both were
higher than levels reported in other seahorses. A factor analysis showed that
PC1 (48.7% of variation) was composed of the three main highly unsaturated
fatty acids: 20:4n-6, 20:5n-3 and a negative contribution of 22:6n-3. PC2 contributed
18:5n-3 and several branched fatty acids. PC3 contributed 18:2n-6
and 18:3n-3. Each of these three components correlated with different environmental
factors. The results suggested that high levels of 22:6n-3 rather than
20:5n-3 could increase juvenile survival and assist them to tolerate salinity
changes better. The results also suggest that a diet of live prey enriched with
22:6n-3 would be likely to increase the growth and survival in captivity, at
least for this species.

- by Maite Mascaró and +1
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- Marine Biology, Marine Ecology, Marine Aquaculture, Aquaculture
- by Sandipan Gupta
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- Ornamental Fish, ORNAMENTAL FISH AQUACULTURE, West Bengal
- by Sandipan Gupta
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- Ornamental Fish, West Bengal

Este trabajo investiga las interrelaciones entre la regulación y los as-pectos económicos y ambientales en una comunidad de agricultores familiares en la región conocida como Zona da Mata Mineira, en el estado brasileño de Minas Gerais. El estudio es producto de una acti-vidad de extensión realizada entre 2016 y 2018, y tuvo como objetivo asesorar a los pequeños productores en el proceso de adecuación legal de la producción. Durante este período se realizaron cerca de cinco reuniones entre investigadores y comuneros, en las que se analizaron las dificultades encontradas por los pequeños productores en relación con el referido proceso. Las experiencias reportadas fueron confron-tadas con el régimen legal regulatorio para la actividad acuícola en Brasil, tomando como categorías de análisis los atributos de norma-tividad y facticidad del sistema legal. Se concluyó que la regulación ambiental en el área de la acuicultura en Brasil, diseñada para grandes productores, carga de manera desp...

- by Homero Chiaraba
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- Literacy, Environmental Law, Fisheries, Environmental Sustainability

- by Jansen Zuanon
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- Zoology, Geography, Ecology, Ornamental Fish

The croaking gourami Trichopsis vittata (Cuvier, 1831), a small Southeast Asian freshwater fish, has long been a non-native enigma to the ichthyologists and hobbyists of Bangladesh. The species has been seen regularly in the Ganges Delta and exotic fish keepers are well aware of its presence there, although nothing is known about the source of introduction. Its first scientific documentation in Bangladesh only occurred in 2012 and in India in 2015. In this paper, we report observation records of T. vittata in Bangladesh through field work, and photographic and literary evidence. From March 2014 to August 2017, 33 confirmed observations were made pinpointing 25 different distribution localities. Plotting observations and localities against time indicated that T. vittata, already a proven sturdy invader in Florida, USA, is steadily spreading its range across the deltaic floodplains of Bangladesh.

- by Mostafa Hossain
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- Zoology, Conservation Biology, Fisheries, Ecology
- by Firoz Katabaro
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- Conservation Biology, Fisheries, Aquaculture, Ornamental Fish
- by Sandipan Gupta
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- Ornamental Fish, Darjeeling

- by Victoria Isaac
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- Fisheries, Ecology, Ornamental Fish, Costs

- by Norashikin Anjur
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- Fisheries, Fish Biology, Fish Diseases, Marine Science

The Amazon basin has a freshwater fish diversity comparable to a tropical sea. Although many Amazonian fish species are popular ornamental fish across the world, the ecology of most species in their natural habitat remains poorly known (van der Sleen and Albert 2017). We report on shoaling behavior in Platydoras hancockii in a floodplain forest of the middle Rio Negro, Brazil. As the shoal consisted of only adult males, whereas gravid females were caught individually in nearby areas, we hypothesize that this aggregation may relate to spawning. Moreover, considering that Platydoras hancockii is capable of producing sounds, it is possible that these aggrega-tions entail the formation of a chorus-like call with the function of attracting females from a larger area. A predictable flood pulse in the Amazon basin inundates floodplain forests at vast spatial scales for several months each year, thereby creating crucial feeding and nursery grounds for Amazonian fish (e.g., Goulding 1980). How individuals of the same fish species find each other during this reproduction period and how mate selection takes place in these immense, shaded, and often murky waters remains largely unknown. During the high-water season, on May 16, 2019, we collected a shoal of 28 individuals of the raphael catfish Platydoras hancockii (Siluriformes: Doradidae) in a blackwater floodplain forest (Fig. 1a, b), about 5 km from the town of Barcelos in the Mariuá Archipelago, middle Rio Negro, Brazil (0.56°S, 62.55°W). The sampling was part of a larger research project on the effects of floodplain forest loss by fire on fish communities (Lugo-Carvajal et al. in prep.). The fish were caught within an unburned floodplain forest and were retrieved from the net at 11 am, but probably got entangled at night or crepuscular hours. All individuals were collected close together and within a few meters of a gillnet of 60 mm mesh size in an area of about 1.2 m depth. Strikingly, all individuals in this aggregation were adult males, with a size range of 135-180 mm SL and a weight range of 31-105 g. Sex determination for this species is difficult based on external morphological traits only, and was hence established anatomically after euthanizing the Environ Biol Fish

- by Arnold J. Lugo-Carvajal and +1
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- Ornamental Fish, Tropical forest, Aquarium Fish, Tropical Aquarium Fish

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the parasite fauna of four species of ornamental fish collected in the Chumucuí River, municipality of Bragança, Pará, Brazil. From June 2006 to December 2007. Fishes (n=307) belonging to four species were collected, including 23 specimens of Moenkhausia sanctaefilomenae (redeye tetra), 37 Carnegiella strigata (marbled hatchetfish), 7 Chilodus punctatus (spotted headstander), and 240 Astyanax bimaculatus (twospot astyanax). The parasites found belonged to three taxa: monogeneans in the gills, nematodes (larvae of Capillaria sp. and Contracaecum sp.) in the digestive tract and liver and acanthocephalans (Quadrigyrus torquatus, Q. brasiliensis and Q. nickoli) in the stomach and intestine. Astyanax bimaculatus presented higher prevalence of acanthocephalans in the wet season, and lower prevalence of nematodes in the dry season. The possible importance of these parasites in the exportation of ornamental fish is discussed. Resumo O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar a fauna parasitária de quatro espécies de peixes ornamentais capturados no rio Chumucuí, no município de Bragança-PA. Foram coletados um total de 307 peixes pertencentes a 4 espécies, sendo elas: Moenkhausia sanctaefilomenae (olho de fogo, n = 23), Carnegiella strigata (borboleta, n = 37), Chilodus punctatus (cabeça-para-baixo, n = 7) e Astyanax bimaculatus (lambari, n = 240) coletados de junho de 2006 a dezembro de 2007. Foram observados 3 taxa parasitando os peixes: monogenéticos nas brânquias, nematóides (larvas de Capillaria sp. e Contracaecum sp.) no trato digestório e fígado e acantocéfalos (Quadrigyrus torquatus, Q. brasiliensis e Q. nickoli) no estômago e intestino. Astyanax bimaculatus apresentou maior prevalência de acantocéfalos na estação chuvosa, menor prevalência de nematóides na estação seca. Discute-se a eventual importância destes parasitas na exportação de peixes ornamentais.

- by Daniel G Diniz and +1
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- Ornamental Fish, Fish Parasites
- by Sandipan Gupta
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- Ornamental Fish, ORNAMENTAL FISH AQUACULTURE, West Bengal