PATCH ANTENNA Research Papers - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Radio-frequency identification (RFID) is an important wireless technology which utilizes radio frequencies (RFs) for exchanging data between two or more points (tags and readers), that represent an automatic identification (Auto-ID) system. This paper introduces an omnidirectional microstrip antenna operates at 2.45 GHz used for a radio-frequency identification (RFID) technology. The length of the proposed antenna is 36.5 mm and the width is 27 mm. The substrate material which has been used as a base of antenna is FR4 that has dielectric constant value of 4.3 and dielectric thickness value of 1.6 mm. Regarding the resonance frequency, return loss of the proposed antenna design is-34.8 dB. A promising directivity outcome of 2.8 dB has been achieved with omnidirectional radiation pattern as well as an acceptable efficiency of 66%. The proposed antenna design accomplishes a wideband frequency of 1.21 GHz in the frequency range of (2.14-3.35) GHz. The computer simulation technology (CST) microwave studio software has been used for implementing the proposed antenna design. The antenna design fabricatation and its characteristics have been measured using vector network analyzer (type MS4642A). The obtained results of the experimental design achieve a little bit differences as compared with the simulation results.

- by and +1
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- RFID, Omnidirectional, PATCH ANTENNA, Wideband
- by Be Huynh
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- Numerical Simulation, MEASUREMENTS, Microwaves, Simulation Study
- by Sergei Tretyakov
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- Antennas, Microstrip Antennas, Magnetic Materials, Composite Materials
- by Hang Leong Chung
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- Microstrip Antennas, Microwave, Radio Frequency Identification, Polarisation
- by Muhammad Amin, M.Pd.
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- Applied Sciences, PATCH ANTENNA
- by Wan Nor Liza Mahadi
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- Physics, Communication, Antennas, Antennas & Radio Wave Propagation

This paper presents particle swarm optimization (PSO) method based design of a dual-band patch antenna using IE3DTM. The method effectively obtains the geometric parameters for efficient antenna performance. Maximum return loss obtained at 2.4 GHz is -43.95 dB and at 3.08 GHz is -27.4dB. Its bandwidth of 33.54 MHz ranges from 2.38355 GHz to 2.41709 GHz.

- by Yogesh Kumar Choukiker
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- Microstrip Antenna, PATCH ANTENNA, Particle Swarm Optimizer

This paper presents a novel low profilehigh Gain Antenna with side band suppression by minimizing the return loss in Patch antenna. A "Patch antenna" is mounted on a flat surface and it is a type of low profile radio antenna. It consists of a flat rectangular sheet or large sheet mounted on a metal patch of metal called ground plane. The existing material to design the antenna is normal metals. Those metals have positive refractive index. It may leads to various problems such as high return loss and poor directivity. To mitigate these problems our paper focus on usage of meta material for antennas and to measure the performance of antennas such as gain, directivity , radiation pattern and return loss. This design consists of Waveguide as input, substrate with metamaterial loaded and microsrtrip line patch. The proposed antenna design work as about 75% miniaturization compared to the conventional patch antenna. The usage of metamaterial has following advantages. It has negative refractive index and so the directivity can be improved and the return loss can be decreased. The tool used in this project is HFSS software (High Frequency Structure Simulator).

- by IJRASET Publication
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- Effect size, Feeding Behavior, To gain knowledge, Materials and Metallurgy
- by Glauco Fontgalland and +1
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- Microstrip Antenna, PATCH ANTENNA, Electric Field, Microstrip Patch Antenna
- by swapnil vanam
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- Uwb, PATCH ANTENNA
- by Srdjan Pajic and +1
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- Power Generation, Impedance Matching, Circuits, Patch Antennas

Use of discontinuities in ground planes or in microstrip lines is currently employed to improve the performance of different passive circuits. It includes size reduction of amplifiers; enhancement of filter characteristics and applications to suppress harmonics in patch antennas. This paper presents an improved method of size reduction of a microstrip antenna using Defected Microstrip Structure. It does so by

- by Geetam Tomar
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- Computer Science, Microstrip Antennas, Communication systems, Microstrip Antenna

An Axial-Mode Helical Antenna (AMHA) design for applications in Doppler-based continuous non-contact vital signs (NCVS) monitoring sensor systems is presented. Two methodologies of on-reflector impedance matching are presented as a solution to the helical antennas' non-50Ω input impedance issue. The antennas are evaluated on their performance of VSWR, impedance, radiation pattern directivity, size and gain. A size reduction design process is given for custom sizing the helical antenna, and the resulting structures are compared versus a patch antenna at 2.4GHz that is often used in NCVS systems. Our test data indicates that an AMHA can significantly increase accuracy of NCVS systems by increasing the system's Signal-to-Noise-and-Interference Ratio (SNIR).

- by Jerry Lopez
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- Microstrip Antenna, Design process, Directional Antenna, Impedance Matching
- by Fredrik Edelvik and +1
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- Applied Mathematics, Mathematical Programming, Radial Basis Function, Numerical Analysis
- by Serge Bories
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- Impulse response, Numerical Model, PATCH ANTENNA, Idle channel Measurement
- by Thelaha Masri
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- Microstrip Antenna, Communication System, Wireless Lan, Antenna Array

This paper presents the general design of microstrip antennas using artificial neural networks for rectangular patch geometry. The design consists of synthesis in the forward side and then analyzed as the reverse side of the problem. In this work, the neural network is employed as a tool in design of microstrip antennas. The neural network training algorithms are used in

- by Geetam Tomar
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- Microstrip Antennas, Neural Networks, Microstrip Antenna, Neural Network

Page 1. Design of Microstrip Patch Antennas Using Neural Network Vivek Singh Kushwah and *Geetam Singh Tomar; Member IEEE Amity School of Engineering &amp;amp; Technology, New Delhi India *Vikrant Institute of Technology... more

- by Geetam Tomar
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- Microstrip Antennas, Neural Networks, Microstrip Antenna, Neural Network

— A simple and miniaturized S shaped wide band microstrip patch antenna is presented and measured in this paper. Antenna is developed using a FR4 epoxy (dielectric constant = 4.4) substrate on a Split or partial ground. The proposed antenna has a wide band response and useful in wireless and other applications. The antenna can be used in Digital multimedia broadcasting DMB (frequency range: 2.58 GHz – 2.88 GHz) as well as LTE 2500 MHz. The presented 'S' shaped antenna has been designed, simulated and measured using high frequency structural simulator (HFSS) v15 Software and microwave antenna testing unit. The results are attractive with VSWR< 2 for the required frequencies. The wide band can be seen from 3.38 GHz to 7.3 GHz which can be useful for WLAN/WiMAX etc. The Return loss and radiation patterns are observed to be omnidirectional with moderate gain. Reduction in size of the antenna is obtained by taking slots in the patch and split or partial ground concept. The overall reduction in size of the antenna is around 70%. The simulated and measured results show that the antenna is suitable for DMB, LTE, WLAN, WiMax and satellite uplink applications. The dimension of the proposed antenna is 30 mm×34 mm×1.6 mm. Index Terms— Wireless, 'S' shaped, Split Ground, Long Term Evolution (LTE), Digital Multimedia Broadcasting (DMB), FR4 epoxy. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________ I. INTRODUCTION The Microstrip patch antennas are the most widely used antennas in various wireless applications because of their low cost and ease of fabrication [1]. In recent years, extensive research activities are being dedicated towards the development of multiband and wide band antennas for wireless and other related applications [1-12]. A simple design of wide band microstrip patch antenna for Digital multimedia Broadcasting DMB applications as well as LTE, WLAN, WiMax and satellite uplink etc has been proposed in this paper. The proposed antenna covers all the 5.2/5.8 GHz WLAN/WiMAX IEEE operating bands. The antenna can be fed by direct feeding using a 50 ohm microstrip line. The Proposed antenna has been designed and various parameters such as return loss, directivity, bandwidth, gain and VSWR of microstrip patch antenna with slots are analyzed through high frequency structure simulator (HFSS) Software. HFSS (High frequency Structure simulator) [13] works on the principle of FIT (Finite Integration Technique). The proposed wide band microstrip patch antenna with 'S' shape structure is presented by the way of simple slot configuration that can be applied as a printed antenna. The proposed antenna has improved band width, return loss, gain and polarization characteristics having dual band. The first band applied for Digital multimedia Broadcasting DMB with a bandwidth of 302 MHz having frequency range of 2.58 GHz – 2.88 GHz and LTE 2500 MHz. The second band is a wide band which ranges from 3.38 GHz – 7.3 GHz for mobile applications like WLAN/WiMAX etc. The considered frequency ranges have return loss below-10db. The antenna design has been verified using Ansoft HFSS software [13]. II. PROPOSED ANTENNA DESIGN The basic structure of rectangular microstrip patch antenna with split ground build on a substrate FR4 (Flame resistant-4) Epoxy having a dielectric constant of 4.4 is shown in figure 1. The feed to the antenna is given by a 50 Ω microstrip line. Partial ground [14] concept is used here to improve the impedance matching of the antenna ranging from 3.4 GHz to 4.1GHz. The simulation results of return loss V/s frequency shown in figure 2 indicate the impedance bandwidth of 700 MHz. The modification from the basic rectangular patch antenna to obtain 'S' shaped antenna to meet the desired specified frequency bands such as 2.58 GHz to 2.88 GHz with peak resonant frequency at 2.69 GHz with return loss of-23.80 dB and 3.38 GHz to 7.3 GHz with peak resonance at 6.11 GHz with return loss of-21.3 dB. The proposed 'S' shaped antenna structure is as shown in figure 3 which consists of a radiating patch, dielectric substrate and a ground plane. The patch and the ground planes have conducting material such as copper. We are using low cost substrate such as FR4 (Flame resistant-4) Epoxy having a dielectric constant of 4.4. The feeding to the patch antenna is a microstrip line and a split ground plane is on the other side of the substrate. Figure 4 shows proposed geometry of the split ground plane of the antenna with complete dimensions.

- by Nagabhushana Hm
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- PATCH ANTENNA

—A novel S-band patch antenna system for Earth-observing cubesat satellites is presented. It consists of four rectangular patches with a reconfigurable radiation pattern depending on the antenna-feed network. The configuration choice is conducted taking into account its influence on the satellite mission downlink power-budget. Measurements shows a good impedance match at the desired frequency (2450 M Hz) with a maximum gain of 3.7 dBi, a main lobe direction of 42 • and an angular width of 60.5 • .

—This paper focuses on the bandwidth enhancement of a traditional circular patch antenna by introducing a diamond-shaped slot surrounded by a diamond-shaped ring in the center of the patch with a defected ground technique. The enhanced bandwidth of 506 MHz ranging from 9.872 GHz to 10.378 GHz is achieved with the proposed design method. Unlike other methods of bandwidth enhancement of a circular patch antenna, this method eliminates the trade-off between BW enhancement, gain and compactness of the antenna. In this paper, also the performance of the proposed antenna have been contrasted over a conventional circular patch antenna. The center frequency is chosen at 10 GHz in the X-band, which is suitable for satellite communication along with other UWB applications. The design and simulation results of the antenna are acquired using CST microwave studio.

- by Dr. Feroz Ahmed and +1
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- PATCH ANTENNA, X BAND

A new form of modified microstrip-line feed fractal patch antenna is proposed for wideband application. The fractal shape is based on triangular, modified with circle and iteration of self similar design. The -10 dB return loss (VSWR 2:1) impedance bandwidth is 80% ranging from 2.4-5.6 GHz . The EM characteristics of the antenna are presented by the current distribution. Proposed antenna maintained good radiation pattern with gain. Detailed design steps and study of different parameter are presented in this paper.

- by sujeet rai
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- Microstrip Antennas, Microstrip Antenna, Devices, PATCH ANTENNA
- by Luigi Boccia
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- Microstrip Antennas, Signal Processing, Comparative Study, Global Positioning System
- by IOSR Journals
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- PATCH ANTENNA, Parameters
- by Shoaib Arif
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- Microstrip Antennas, Textiles, High Frequency, Waveguide
- by Hang Leong Chung
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- Microstrip Antennas, Microwave, Radio Frequency Identification, Polarisation
- by Giovani Bulla
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- PATCH ANTENNA, Finite Difference Time Domain

In this article, the analysis of a symmetrically notch loaded stacked circular disk patch antenna is carried out. It is found that the bandwidth of notch loaded disk antenna depends directly on the notch dimensions. Bandwidth of the notch loaded patch is found to be 27.89%. Stacking of the patch with parasitic element further improves the bandwidth to 43.56%. Theoretical results are compared with simulated results using IE3D, which are in close agreement. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 51: 653–659, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24122

- by Khan Jamshed
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- Optical physics, PATCH ANTENNA, Electrical And Electronic Engineering

This paper presents the design and analysis of the compact patch antenna for 5G and future generation millimetre-wave communication system. The proposed design consists of FR4 substrate length, width, and height of 21.37 x 5 x 1.59 mm 3 , besides two rectangular slots incorporated with a dimension of 0.2 x 2.6 mm 2 within the patch of 4.22 x 3.46 mm 2 , to enhance the resonance frequency more accurate and one more square slot incorporated in to feed line with the dimension of 0.2 x 0.5 mm 2. The obtained return losses of the design is-21.25dB with gain and voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) of 3.90dBi,1.18 by using a lumped port configuration. For the specific absorption rate (SAR) evaluation considered as a human head model in high-frequency structure simulator (HFSS) software, the obtained values are within the standard limit, the design covers the frequency range of 28GHz, this design may capable of 5G and next-generation wireless communication system application.

- by Engineering Research Trends & Articles
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- PATCH ANTENNA
- by Ruonan Han
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- Millimeter Wave Antennas, Terahertz, Voltage Controlled Oscillator, Schottky diode

this paper presents a comprehensive and accurate algorithm based on circuit model to design reflect-array antennas (RAAs). The proposed algorithm can extract geometry of RAA structure corresponding to radiation parameters without employing any approximation or optimization intervention into the algorithm. Simulation results for some comprehensive examples, verify the validity of the proposed algorithm. This method is simple, fast, accurate, and can be expanded to all species of RAAs with arbitrary geometries. One of the main problems confronted in RAAs is low bandwidth characteristics. To attain wide bandwidth, we exploited the proposed algorithm with combination of multi-layer design of RAAs and subwavelength element. Convergence is observed between simulation and fabrication results, asserting good accuracy in method. In 10-15 GHz band, the maximum gain and-1dB bandwidth of two-layer antenna is 31.4 dB and 18.5%, respectively.

- by Amir hossein Nazeri and +1
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- Antennas & Radio Wave Propagation, Design Patterns, Reflection, Frequency Selective Surfaces
- by Bal Virdee and +1
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- Communication System, Optical physics, PATCH ANTENNA, Electrical And Electronic Engineering

A wideband patch antenna loaded with a planar metamaterial unit cell is proposed. The metamaterial unit cell is composed of an interdigital capacitor and a complementary split-ring resonator (CSRR) slot. A dispersion analysis of the metamaterial unit cell reveals that an increase in series capacitance can decrease the half-wavelength resonance frequency, thus reducing the electrical size of the proposed antenna. In addition, circulating current distributions around the CSRR slot with increased interdigital finger length bring about the TM01 mode radiation, while the normal radiation mode is the TM10 mode. Furthermore, the TM01 mode can be combined with the TM10 mode without a pattern distortion. The hybridization of the two modes yields a wideband property (6.8%) and a unique radiation pattern that is comparable with two independent dipole antennas positioned orthogonally. Also, the proposed antenna achieves high efficiency (96%) and reasonable gain (3.85 dBi), even though the electrical size of the antenna is only 0.24λ0×0.24λ0×0.02λ0.

- by Jaegeun Ha
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- Microstrip Antennas, Antennas & Radio Wave Propagation, Resonators, PATCH ANTENNA
- by jinsong ping
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- Antennas, Three Dimensional, PATCH ANTENNA, Electrical And Electronic Engineering

Fractal geometry involves a recursive generating methodology those results in the figure with infinitely convoluted fine structures. They do not use additional loading components and are simple and cost-effective to fabricate. They can be mounted to constraining form factors, such as the casing of hand-held transceivers. In this paper, a fractal antenna is designed with Square and Hexagonal shape and operating between 4-7 GHz. The proposed antenna with the rectangular ground plane is modelled and simulated with Finite Element Method (FEM) based High Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS) and an improvement in performance parameters (Return loss, Bandwidth (BW) and VSWR) is observed with change in design parameters. Fractal antennas prove worthwhile, high performance, resonant antennas for many practical applications. It is usually fabricated as or on small circuit boards, they allow new versatility in their use with wireless devices. I. INTRODUCTION The term FRACTAL, that which mean wrecked or asymmetrical fragments. The development of the fractal geometry originally inspired from the pattern of nature. It is widely used in many streams of science and complex shapes found in nature such as trees, stars, and mountains etc [2]. There are several advantages of using fractal geometries in antenna design. First of all, it can reduce the size of the antenna, which makes it a good candidate for miniature antenna design. Basically, fractal geometries are self-filling structures that can be scaled without increasing the overall size [3]. Fractals can be used in two ways to enhance antenna designs. The first method is in the design of miniaturized antenna elements. These can lead to antenna elements which are more discrete for the end user. The second method is to use the self-similarity which provides flexibility in antenna by reducing the antenna size in horizontal and vertical direction. This would allow the operator to incorporate several aspects of their system into one antenna [4]. IFS also play an important role in the specification of fractal. Iterated mathematical process formed the shape of a fractal. So, the shape of a fractal is made up of overlapping smaller copies of itself, each copy is changed by IFS system. Such Fractal can be obtained by using computer graphics require particular mapping that is replicated over and over recursive algorithm. The best example is Sierpinski Gasket which is also known as Sierpinski triangle [5]. Benoit Mandelbrot described the term 'FRACTAL 'and he has described the relationship between fractal and nature using discovery made by Gaston Julia and Pierre Fatuous [6]. Its Latin name is fractus means 'broken': some of the parts have the same shape as the whole object but on a different scale [7]. This type of geometry became more popular in 1990. With the help of this geometry we can designed the multiband antennas as well as new dimension of antenna array. Fractal antenna has been become more popular because of its attractive features such as better input impedance matching, reduced mutual coupling in fractal array antenna, miniaturization and frequency independent [8]. Application of fractals to antenna design has proved to be a benefit to wireless communication system. Studies in this field proved that fractals result in high bandwidth, good gain and improved radiation pattern as compared to traditional antennas [9]. Fractal antenna has different structures like sierpinski gasket, sierpinski carpet, minikowski fractal antenna, and fractal tree antennas etc. If we conclude that certain electrical properties of an antenna are directly a function of certain physical properties of the antenna, then we must also conclude that significantly modifying these physical properties must significantly modify the antenna's electrical

- by Ijariit Journal
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- Wireless Communications, Fractal, PATCH ANTENNA, Bandwidth
- by Ivo Locher
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- Microstrip Antennas, Textiles, Wearable Computing, Manufacturing Engineering

This paper presents a compact system-on-package-based front-end solution for 60-GHz-band wireless communication/sensor applications that consists of fully integrated three-dimensional (3-D) cavity filters/duplexers and antenna. The presented concept is applied to the design, fabrication, and testing of V-band (receiver (Rx): 59-61.5 GHz, transmitter (Tx): 61.5-64 GHz) transceiver front-end module using multilayer low-temperature co-fired ceramic technology. Vertically stacked 3-D low-loss cavity bandpass

- by Manos Tentzeris
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- Microstrip Antennas, Millimeter Wave Antennas, Fabrication, Three Dimensional

In this letter, the particle swarm optimization has been applied to calculate the optimized length and width of rectangular microstrip antennas. The inputs to the problem are the dielectric constant and thickness of the substrate; together with the desired resonant frequency; the outputs are the optimized length and width; where the antennas are considered to be electrically thin. The results are in good agreement with the results (experimental and calculated by other heuristics) in the literature. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 49: 2905–2907, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.22918

- by Tharek Rahman
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- Microstrip Antennas, Antennas & Radio Wave Propagation, FDTD, Topology

Bandwidth, size and polarization optimizations of a single layer wide-band full and half E-shaped patch antenna fed through a coaxial probe are described. The finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method was used in the simulations. Measurements and simulations using capacitive feeding and shorting pins are presented. Using these techniques, the bandwidth can be improved up to 32% and the antenna area can be reduced up to 60% without significant change in the frequency band. Using four raised conducting walls on edges of the ground plane, the cross-polarization level is improved. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 52: 1556–1561, 2010; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.25227

- by Giovani Bulla
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- Optical physics, PATCH ANTENNA, Electrical And Electronic Engineering

A compact slotted Ultra Wide Band (UWB) antenna suitable for wireless Universal Serial Bus (USB) dongle application is designed and simulated using Ansoft HFSS14.0. Antenna design for USB dongle will be a challenging task due to its space constraint and it also needs to maintain good impedance and radiation performance across a wide operating bandwidth. Here this UWB antenna is designed by simply cutting notches and embedding slots in the patch in order to achieve multiple resonance having effective bandwidth of about 10.42 GHz (2.8 to 13.38GHz) with 3dBi of peak gain which covers operating band of WPAN using UWB. Gain is further enhanced by using electromagnetic band-gap (EBG) structure concepts. Overall size of UWB antenna is 11x15x0.8mm3 which is very suitable for USB Dongle device.

- by IJSRD Journal
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- Uwb, Usb, PATCH ANTENNA, Electron Band Gap

The paper presents a compact tri band
Curved U-Slot patch antenna with improved bandwidth and
isolation characteristics. The proposed antenna excited by
coaxial feed resonates at tri band of 2.8 GHz, 4.1 GHz and
5.7 GHz for VSWR ≤ 1.5 with an improved bandwidth of
99.7% and also for getting high gain antenna of 11.31 dB. A
2×2 MIMO is developed using the proposed antenna giving
an excellent isolation of 28 dB between the two antennas.
The simulation results of return loss, Mutual Coupling,
Gain, VSWR, Surface Current Distribution and Electrical
Distribution are presented. By keeping the substrate
thickness constant over various dielectric constants,
simulations were carried out using MATLAB® and HFSS
(High Frequency Structure Simulator) software.

- by IJEETE Journals
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- PATCH ANTENNA, Slotted patch antenna, Microstrip Patch Antenna