Partition of India Research Papers (original) (raw)

On ideas of geography, immigration, inhabitation, art as an undisciplined practice, exhibitions as field of study and the broader field of education. Published in "Lines of Control: Partition as a Productive Space". Edited by Iftikhar... more

- by and +1
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- Geography, Art Theory, Contemporary Art, Art Education

Ahmad Sirhindi becomes or is made an important part of history leading up to the partition. Though as we will see, his life and writings remain controversial, largely due to loss in translations and hand-me-down stories of his followers. In understanding Sirhindi, it’s important to take a bit of a digression and learn about certain decisions of Jahangir, and some related events such as the persecution of Guru Arjan Dev. Though there are many historians who don’t give much importance to Sirhindi, as far as Guru Arjan Dev’s persecution is concerned, but many have tried to show a direct link.

- by Jaspreet Kaur
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- Partition of India, Mughal Emperor Jahangir, SHAIKH AHMAD SIRHINDI, #guruarjandev

Historians have tended to frame the 1947 independence and partition of India as a climax—an inevitable consequence of the failure of power brokering between Mohammad Ali Jinnah and Jawaharlal Nehru. Their accounts work their way backwards—Direct Action Day, World War Two, failure of previous reform and legislation to arrive at an vision of greater autonomy for Indians, the rising popularity of two-nation theory, and the growing ear that Mahatma Gandhi’s vocabulary and vision of an independent India was categorically Hindu. Other interpretations expand the horizon of how these events could be seen while including forgotten players, or highlighting previously ignored circumstances. Seen against the background of these conventional analyses, the last pages of The Last Englishmen: Love, War and the End of Empire are a moving account of the “bitter truth” about the Raj that these last Englishmen realised.

- by William Gould
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- Historical Geography, South Asian Studies, South Asia, Colonialism

Our method of recalling an event depends on the memory and memorialisation of the event. This memory and memorialisation is shaped by the things we choose to remember or let go. In this paper we look at two infamous events, Chauri Chaura (1922) and the partition of the Indian subcontinent (1947). We look at the memory associated with these events and the politics surrounding their remembrance.

- by Shafin Shabir
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- History, Modern Indian History, Partition of India, Indian Independence
- by Sanjib Baruah
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- South Asian Politics, Northeast India, Bangladesh, Indian Politics

This essay is a critical examination of Russian prodigy Dostoyevsky's famous work "Crime and Punishment". In this essay, I attempt to deconstruct the ideas of duality, identity crisis, moral resurrection, and religion by illuminating the theme of prostitution and crime. My area of concern is Sonya and her multi-layered character used as a window to gauge the above-mentioned ideas.
Keywords: Prostitution, Christianity, Sin, soul, identity, Crime

- by Ridhi Bhutani
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- Russian Literature, Sex and Gender, Feminist Theory, Postcolonial Studies

This paper explores the unsettling effects of the fundamental opposition between lived memory and constructed history. It studies how alternate history can be created by the timeless practice of recollecting facts through memory. The theoretic premise of this paper is rooted in the study of sites of memory by Pierre Nora to further enrich our understanding of material memory in Aanchal Malhotra's Remnants of a Separation. Postmodernism has questioned the validity of history as a grand narrative. This paper reflects on the disintegration of certain traditional views about Partition narratives and the humanist notion of unitary representation of reality in history. It tries to situate the significance of memory in establishing a palpable reality suggests alternative pathways of constructing history.

- by Juney Thomas and +1
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- History and Memory, Material Memory, Memory and materiality, Oral History and Memory

An article about the need to recognise multiple narratives of India-Pakistan partition

- by Rahul K Gairola
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- World Literatures, Comparative Literature, Postcolonial Studies, Pakistan

The passage of the 2019 Citizenship Amendment Act exemplifies legislative populism in its most ethnic format, the National Register of Citizens being its subservient arm or vice versa. The anti-CAA, NRC movement offers a significant challenge to Narendra Modi’s brand of populism, a challenge that is generative of a “new” vision of democracy. It is my contention that Shaheen Bagh protest contains possibilities for redefining democracy. The meaning of the Urdu word ‘Shaheen’ is ‘eagle’, and is central to Muhammad Iqbal’s decolonial poetic philosophy.

- by Prof. Irfan Ahmad
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- Populism, Democracy, Islam in India, Citizenship

The imperfect partition of India in 1947 into a truncated India and a new state 'Pakistan', brought about through a devious plan by the departing British colonizers with the help of some self-serving Indian politicians was a cataclysmic event which not only brought the communal cauldron to boil but has also kept it simmering since. The deep division between Hindus and Muslims was one aspect of it, but within the Hindu society too, lines were drawn as a result of the mass migration of people from the areas now in Pakistan. Despite the numerous narratives that have tried to articulate the psychological, social, cultural and political fallout of partition, not many have taken up the plight of the displaced persons. The focus of my paper is on the survival strategies that the migrating Hindus adopted, leaving behind not only their homes and hearths, but also their history. The distancing of the traumatic experience is undone even now through the periodical political machinations that categorize people as “refugees” and the “local”. The source material comes from both -- subjective assessment, since the author of these lines comes from a displaced Hindu family which is also part of a linguistic minority, and various testimonies and impersonal narratives produced by others, since it is believed that the truth must lie somewhere between history, memory and amnesia.

- by Jagdish Batra
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- Rehabilitation, South Asian Studies, Migration, Partition of India

Kashmir es mucho más que el ámbito de discusión y el espacio de confrontación entre India y Pakistán. Comprende una región que, aunque ahora está físicamente dividida y empobrecida, tiene una enorme importancia por los innumerables contactos culturales, históricos y comerciales, además de la riqueza en recursos naturales y su majestuosa belleza enmarcada por las montañas más altas del mundo, los Himalayas.
Las tensiones entre India y Pakistán por este territorio an estado presentes a lo largo de 72 años. Son la consecuencia de la construcción de dos Estados-nación distintos y una confrontación violenta después de la Independencia de la colonia británica. Kashmir ha sido todo este tiempo una herida abierta y el punto de mayor tensión entre ambos países. El conflicto ha marcado las decisiones de ambos en política exterior bilateral y regional desde su Independencia. Da muestra y es el recordatorio no sólo del paso de la colonia británica y la politización de identidades; también habla de la desastrosa, mal planeada y violenta Partición entre India y Pakistán; así como de la falta de una verdadera inclusión social y económica de esta región en la vida india.

- by Fernanda Vazquez Vela
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- Kashmir, Partition of India

Partition of India in 1947, or to be more specific the division of Punjab is one of the darkest human tragedies mankind has ever experienced. Its impact was so deep and penetrating that it continues to haunt the psyche of those uprooted migrants even though a whole generation is almost gone. The survivors and their next generations can still feel the traces of trauma in their memories. It has left a deep scar in the collective memories of migrants and even in the psyche of their next generation. As the time passes by memories also start

- by Prof. Ravinder Singh
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- Pakistan, History of Political Violence, Brotherhood, Partition literature

Amrita Shodhan explores the complex legacy of Partition in India and the difficulties faced by historians in unpicking these narratives. She re-evaluates the events of August 1947 and situates them in a longer history that forms the... more

- by Amrita Shodhan
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- Gender Studies, Governance, History of Pakistan, Decolonization

When we measure the successes of the partition plans in British India and Mandatory Palestine, partition of British India comes out as a success story. I have argued, in this paper, why I think partition in British India succeeded. Drawing in the major components of the British Partition plan of India, which turned it into a success; I try to argue, had the same approach been taken in Mandatory Palestine, probably UN partition plan in Mandatory Palestine would also be successful. The lack in political action on part of the Palestinian leadership, left the mandate authority with little idea, on the type of settlement, Palestinian Arabs expected or would agree to. The Palestinian leadership were outright in their demand for formation of one state in Palestine. This was a demand, which was unacceptable to Jewish leadership, and one that Britain could not deliver. The UN partition plan on Mandatory Palestine had serious fallacies, at the same time Palestinian Arab leadership showed little political acumen. Both of these contributed to the failure of UN partition plan in Mandatory Palestine.

- by Aamir R Mufti
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- Critical Theory, History, Modern History, Cultural History

Myths have always been used as coercive apparatuses to reinforce order and to naturalize gender stereotypes in the phallocentric discourse eliminating and subsiding women's voice as "other". Many feminist critics seek to dismantle those institutionalized practices through revising, reimagining and reinterpreting mythological interpretations This paper portrays the deconstructive strain in Sanjukta Dasgupta's poem "Lakshmi Unbound: A Soliloquy" unmasking the institutionalization of the pure image of a household lady by patriarchal methodolatry and critiques the attribution of meaning through mythical representation by mainstream culture to impose a passive role upon women restricting in the domestic space. This paper also brings to light the commodification of women's body as a space for control, discipline by the male gaze by treating as a secondary figure to the primacy of the male and demythologizes the myth of the angel in the house. Myths are the carriers of cultural codes of human civilization since the very beginning. Myths have always been used as a device to attribute certain meanings to cultural practices and traditions to perpetuate order and domination in a patriarchal society. In the discourse of patriarchy, mythical interpretations always confine women's role through muting women-voice and fabricating a binarization between superior/inferior, original/other, etc. Anti-feminist vein can easily be traced in literary practices where legitimization of certain stereotypes regarding gender inequality is indoctrinated through constant repetition of the stereotypes. Many feminist critics seek to demythologize those institutionalized practices through revising, reimagining and reinterpreting mythological interpretations. As Adrienne Rich comments "Re-vision-the act of looking back, of seeing with fresh eyes, of entering an old text from a new critical direction-is for us more than a chapter in cultural history: it is an act of survival" (Rich, 18). Demythologization is a postmodernist approach which is used by the feminist critics to deconstruct the myths of womanhood to challenge the traditional notion

- by Sayan Parial and +1
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- Gender Studies, Trauma Studies, Memory Studies, Partition of India

The post-partition reconfiguration of the walled city of Jaipur that had originally been dominated by Hindu and Jain merchants is explored. Sindhi refugee retailers and traders were given space during the 1950s and 1970s by creating new markets. The spatial and physical mapping of competing communities, like the Sindhis, Muslims and Bania Hindus, in the walled city was also undergirded by contending claims to the city's past defined as " heritage. " In the case of the refugees, this was articulated through the trope of purushartha. T his article seeks to understand the spatial arrangement of refugee groups within the walled city of Jaipur in the period after 1947, marked by the braided histories of partition and the merger of princely territories with the newly formed state of India. It focuses on the Hindu Sindhi refugees who had come to Jaipur, traversing the urban centres around the Rajasthan border, in the late 1940s and early 1970s. 1 The process of incorporating the Sindhi community, mainly comprising trading groups, in the narrative of urban regeneration of the new provincial capital of Jaipur, was carried out through the trope of purushartha, which roughly translates to " hard work " with Hindu cultural undertones. However, this did not ensure their absolute inclusion in the representational matrix of the city, which is dominated by the image of Rajput royalty or Jain and Bania traders. This makes the Sindhi purusharthi a specifi c category for the purposes of governance, but not a legitimate enough identity within the burgeoning discourse of heritage in Jaipur. The city wall also played a metaphorical role in this " inclusive exclu sion " (Agamben 1998: 12) of the community. While the " walled city " absorbed them in the retail economy and benefi ted from their entrepreneurial practices, the recent resignifi cation of the wall as " heritage " by the state authorities has also made the position of Sindhi retailers rather precarious in the new regime of valuation of urban infrastructure. The subsequent sections would further delve into these dimensions of the spatial arrangement of the " walled " enclave of Jaipur in relation to the Sindhi refugees through an ethnographic exploration of Indira Bazar, one of the market spaces created in the 1970s for rehabilitating this group.

- by Garima Dhabhai
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- Heritage Studies, Food & Culture, Bazaar, Partition of India
- by Jesús F. Cháirez-Garza
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- History, Sociology, United Nations, Multidisciplinary

This book critically analyzes the Partition experiences from East Bengal in 1947 and its prolonged aftermath leading to the creation of Bangladesh in 1971. It looks at how newly emerged borderlands at the time of Partition affected lives and triggered prolonged consequences for the people living in East Bengal/Bangladesh. The author brings to the fore unheard voices and unexplored narratives, especially those relating the experience of different groups of Muslims in the midst of the falling apart of the unifed Muslim identity. Drawing on in-depth ethnographic research and archival resources, the volume analyzes various themes such as partition literature, local narratives of border-making, smuggling, border violence, refugees, identity conficts, border crossing, and experiences of the Bihari Muslims and the Hindus of East Pakistan, among others. A unique study in border-making, this book will be an essential read for scholars and researchers of history, South Asian history, Partition studies, oral history, anthropology, political history, refugee studies, minority studies, political science, and borderland studies.

- by Sayeed Ferdous
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- Border Studies, South Asian Studies, History and Memory, Anthropology of Borders

This article examines B. R. Ambedkar’s dramatically shifting politics in the years prior to Partition. In 1940, he supported the creation of Pakistan. In 1946, he joined Winston Churchill in his demands to delay independence. Yet, in 1947, Ambedkar rejected Pakistan and joined the Nehru administration. Traditional narratives explain these changes as part of Ambedkar’s political pragmatism. It is believed that such pragmatism, along with Gandhi’s good faith, helped Ambedkar to secure a place in Nehru’s Cabinet. In contrast, I argue that Ambedkar changed his attitude towards Congress due to the political transformations elicited by Partition. Ambedkar approached Congress as a last resort to maintain a political space for Dalits in independent India. This, however, was unsuccessful. Partition not only saw the birth of two countries but also virtually eliminated the histories of resistance of political minorities that did not fall under the Hindu–Muslim binary, such as Dalits. In the ca...

- by Jesús F. Cháirez-Garza
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- History, Political Science, Economic Theory, Modern Indian History
- by Zulfiqar Shah
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- Hinduism, Human Rights, Sindh, India

A profile of the eminent Indian-born artist, Zarina.

- by Vikram Zutshi
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- Psychiatry, Mental Health, Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), Trauma Studies

This book revisits the partition of the Punjab, its attendant violence and, as a consequence, the divided and dislocated Punjabi lives. Navigating nostalgia and trauma, dreams and laments, identity(s) and homeland(s), it explores the partition of the very idea of Punjabiyat.
It was Punjab (along with Bengal) that was divided to create the new nations of India and Pakistan and that inherited a communalised and fractured self. In subsequent years, religious and linguistic sub-divisions followed – arguably, no other region of the sub-continent has had its linguistic and ethnic history submerged within respective national and religious identity(s) and none paid the price of partition like the pluralistic, pre-partition Punjab.
This book is about the dissonance, distortion and dilution which details the past of the region. It describes ‘people’s history’ through diverse oral narratives, literary traditions and popular accounts. In terms of space, it documents the experience of partition in the two prosperous localities of Ludhiana and Lyallpur (now Faisalabad), with a focus on migration; and in the Muslim princely state of Malerkotla, with a focus on its escape from the violence of 1947. In terms of groups, it especially attends to women and their experiences, beyond the symbolic prism of ‘honour’. Critically examining existing accounts, discussing the differential impact of partition, and partaking in the ever democratising discourse on it, this book attempts to illustrate the lack of closure associated with 1947.

- by Pippa Virdee
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- History, Refugee Studies, History of India, Colonialism

Television becomes a sight of the construction of cultural and gender identities. Through content analysis of television series, the author examines that though Television becomes the global ground for questioning social constructs like gender, it becomes a reinforcement agency of the dominant ideology. The paper uses a case study of one of the most popular Pakistani (produced) Television Soap Operas- Zindagi Gulzar Hai to analyze the representation of gender relations in popular Pakistani (produced) Television. In conclusion, this project, by closely examining Zindagi Gulzar Hai sheds new light on the little-recognized issue of gender inequality, apparently behind the realistic portrayal of contemporary Pakistani society.

- by Sonal Vij
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- Gender Studies, Women's Studies, Feminist Theory, Television Studies

The present paper will try to analyze the role of Azad in promoting Hindu-Muslim unity during the national movement of India. It will also try to explore his support for communal harmony, integrity and national unity. Azad was among those nationalist Muslim leaders of India, who were talking about composite nationalism, pluralism and cultural unity in diversity. Azad as a Muslim and nationalist always focused on unity of these two main communities in Indian sub-continent, both before and after partition. Besides the work will try to see what were the efforts which he took in order to promote this type of notion among the Muslims of India. Further it will also analyze the contribution of Al-Hilal towards Hindu-Muslim unity. Al-Hilal was one of the main sources through which Azad addressed generally all and particularly the Muslims of India during the national movement.

India and Pakistan – two multi-religious and multi-lingual countries, sharing a geographical and historical space, with indistinguishable level of extreme poverty and extreme inequality at the hour of independence – have clearly contrasting political regime histories. Throughout the six decades of independence India has remained mainly a democracy, while in Pakistan democracy has been fleetingly instated only as a facade for military-bureaucratic dominance. Why India and Pakistan have grown different fruits (in terms of political systems) despite having common roots (in terms of history and colonial legacy)? In India, Pakistan, and Democracy: Solving the puzzle of divergent paths, Philip Oldenburg – as a quasi-citizen of both countries (p.13) – sets out to get to the bottom of this puzzle.

- by Dr. Khan Yasir
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- Foreign Policy Analysis, Democratic Theory, South Asian Studies, Democratization
- by Indivar Kamtekar
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- Political Violence, communalism in India, Partition of India, Communal Riots
- by Shamsul Islam
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- Hindu nationalism, Partition of India, Hindutva, Muslim League
- by Aritra Gopal Mazumder
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- Mahatma Gandhi, Partition of India, Mohammad Ali Jinnah
- by Neeti Nair
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- History, India, Partition of India

The reputation of Agha Shahid Ali, the Kashmiri-American poet, as a poet of exile is well established. Much of his poetry deals with themes of loss, lamentation, and longing where he speaks in a powerful voice about the plight of people of Kashmir. Shahid’s personal memories are not only of Kashmir but also of Delhi, the city where he was born, studied, taught, and published his first collection of poems. In his poems about Delhi he revisits both old Delhi and New Delhi: he roams around the city, listens to Qawwali at Saint Nizamuddin’s mausoleum, meets Muslim butchers, remembers his parents, remembers Shahjahan, and recites Bahadur Shah Zafar’s poem. This article investigates the representations and recollections of Delhi in Agha Shahid Ali’s poems and explores the city’s centrality in understanding socio-cultural history, the importance of particular individuals, and spatial specificity. It studies how the poet explores the city in relation to its languages, histories (the Rebellion of 1857, Partition, post-Partition), and cultures (Mughal and modern). I further investigate how Ali’s literary cartography of Delhi is influenced both by indigenous genres such as Shehr Ashob and the modern English poetic tradition, and how certain Indo-Islamic tropes become central to the poet’s literary memorialization of India’s capital city.

- by Haris Qadeer
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- History, Poetry, Mughal History, Memory Studies

History is utilized as an inter-text and co-text by creative writers. Kamleshwar's Kitne Pakistan has evoked many discourses on history, nationality and culture. Kamleshwar raises questions on identities based on religion, culture and nation. Present paper is an attempt to travel back to trace the roots of anxieties prevalent in the name of various identities.

Table of contents 1) Abstract 2) Introduction 3) Literature Review 4) Role of Religion and Ideology 5) The Concept of Asymmetric Warfare 6) Conventional Warfare 7) Role of Mediators 8) Covert Operations 9) The Way Forward 10)... more

Table of contents

Abstract
Introduction
Literature Review
Role of Religion and Ideology
The Concept of Asymmetric Warfare
Conventional Warfare
Role of Mediators
Covert Operations
The Way Forward
Conclusion
Bibliography

— Since from Roman times concrete is main material for construction and infrastructures but its combinations are differencing day to day, at present situations many types of concretes are funded out by number of researchers. Now I like to give a brief description regarding the TRANSPARENT CONCRETE. It is a combination of fibre-optics and fine concrete. Mainly transparent concrete consists of only fine aggregate. Materials used in transparent concrete are sand, water, cement and optical fibres. Transparent concrete is also known as translucent concrete or light transmitting concrete. Replacement of translucent concrete in construction results in art design. Transparent fibre has a nature of fire resistance. Transparent concrete blocks are suitable for pavements, floors and load-bearing walls. Mainly partition walls, where sunlight is more available. Present our research work carried to find the transparent percentage compared to strength.

The novel Madho Lal Hussain: Lahore di Vel represents the best of what contemporary Punjabi literature has to offer