Photons Research Papers - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Two-photon photoluminescence (TPPL) emission spectra of DNA-gold nanoparticle (AuNP) monoconjugates and the corresponding DNA-linked AuNP dimers are obtained by photon time-of-flight spectroscopy. This technique is combined with... more

Two-photon photoluminescence (TPPL) emission spectra of DNA-gold nanoparticle (AuNP) monoconjugates and the corresponding DNA-linked AuNP dimers are obtained by photon time-of-flight spectroscopy. This technique is combined with two-photon photoluminescence fluctuation correlation spectroscopy (TPPL-FCS) to simultaneously monitor the optical and hydrodynamic behaviour of these nano-assemblies in solution, with single-particle sensitivity and microsecond temporal resolution. In this study, the AuNPs have an average core diameter of 12 nm, which renders their dark-field plasmonic light scattering too weak for single-particle imaging. Moreover, as a result of the lack of plasmonic coupling in the dimers, the optical extinction, scattering and photoluminescence spectra of the DNA-AuNP complexes are not sufficiently different to distinguish between monomers and dimers. The use of TPPL-FCS successfully addresses these bottlenecks and enables the distinction between AuNP monomers and AuNP ...

Світло (видиме і невидиме) має хвильову природу і поширюється в ефірному середовищі, котре свого часу увійшло в науку під назвою «світлоносний ефір». Кванти світлової енергії утворюються завдяки орбітальному рухові електронів в атомах та... more

Світло (видиме і невидиме) має хвильову природу і поширюється в ефірному середовищі, котре свого
часу увійшло в науку під назвою «світлоносний ефір». Кванти світлової енергії утворюються завдяки
орбітальному рухові електронів в атомах та молекулах шляхом відбору і наступної концентрації
енергії тих елонів, або корпускул ефіру, котрі при здійснені свого хаотичного руху завдають ударів
електронам в напрямі на ядро атома, або молекули. Фотони є дискретними хвильовими
формуваннями, котрі утворюються при перетинаннях зустрічних первинних хвиль. Зустрічні первинні
хвилі є електромагнітними хвилями, що формуються завдяки зустрічному обертанню електронів,
зокрема двох зустрічних електронів молекули водню. Первинні хвилі формуються завдяки тому, що ті
елони (корпускули ефіру), котрі завдають ударів електронові ззовні вздовж радіуса, що поєднує
електрон з ядром атома, чи молекули, відскакують від нього втрачаючи (принаймні частково) свою
кінетичну енергію, а саме ту енергію, котра витрачається на викривлення траєкторії електрона (з
прямої лінії на коло).

The development of solid materials which are able to upconvert optical radiation into photons of higher energy is attractive for many applications such as photocatalytic cells and photovoltaic devices. However, to fully exploit... more

The development of solid materials which are able to upconvert optical radiation into photons of higher energy is attractive for many applications such as photocatalytic cells and photovoltaic devices. However, to fully exploit triplet-triplet annihilation photon energy upconversion (TTA-UC), oxygen protection is imperative because molecular oxygen is an ultimate quencher of the photon upconversion process. So far, reported solid TTA-UC materials have focused mainly on elastomeric matrices with low barrier properties because the TTA-UC efficiency generally drops significantly in glassy and semicrystalline matrices. To overcome this limit, for example, combine effective and sustainable annihilation upconversion with exhaustive oxygen protection of dyes, we prepare a sustainable solid-state-like material based on nanocellulose. Inspired by the structural buildup of leaves in Nature, we compartmentalize the dyes in the liquid core of nanocellulose-based capsules which are then further ...

A fluorescence stereomicroscope system was developed in order to observe in situ the distribution of nuclei in intravascular Bong-Han ducts and corpuscle tissues by injecting acridine orange, which stained specifically nuclei.... more

A fluorescence stereomicroscope system was developed in order to observe in situ the distribution of nuclei in intravascular Bong-Han ducts and corpuscle tissues by injecting acridine orange, which stained specifically nuclei. Intravascular Bong-Han corpuscles, connected with Bong-Han ducts could be detected in the aortas of rats, mice, and rabbits.

This survey treats the Hilbert Book Model Project. The project concerns a well-founded, purely mathematical model of physical reality. The project relies on the conviction that physical reality owns its own kind of mathematics and that... more

This survey treats the Hilbert Book Model Project. The project concerns a well-founded, purely mathematical model of physical reality. The project relies on the conviction that physical reality owns its own kind of mathematics and that this mathematics guides and restricts the extension of the foundation to more complicated levels of the structure and the behavior of physical reality. This results in a model that more and more resembles the physical reality that humans can observe.

Contemporary physics states that an electron neutrino takes part in all events of beta decay. Here we show that electron-positron pairs participate in all beta decay events. For this reason, the hypothesis of electron neutrino presence is... more

Contemporary physics states that an electron neutrino takes part in all events of beta decay. Here we show that electron-positron pairs participate in all beta decay events. For this reason, the hypothesis of electron neutrino presence is not necessary in β¯, β + and electron capture reactions.

The Shroud of Turin, Christianity's most precious relic is firmly linked to its foundational doctrine: Jesus's miraculous resurrection from the dead. This well defended connection limits Shroud research to the investigation of the... more

The Shroud of Turin, Christianity's most precious relic is firmly linked to its foundational doctrine: Jesus's miraculous resurrection from the dead. This well defended connection limits Shroud research to the investigation of the mechanics of image formation, the underlying cause (the cause of the cause), being a foregone, non-debatable conclusion; it was a miracle. The miracle status limits the investigation because otherwise it would infringe on foundational doctrine. Advances in science, scholarship, observation and experience since the Gospels were written reveal a natural explanation for what actually took place on the first Easter Sunday and, thus, the cause underlying the cause of image formation. Arriving at this conclusion requires outside the box thinking: looking beyond the Bible into other religious expressions for answers, engaging in non-literal interpretation of the Bible, invoking principles of quantum science and inserting the role of human consciousness into the investigation platform.

Particle radiotherapy such as proton and carbon ion has been producing promising clinical results worldwide. The purpose of this study was to compare metastatic capabilities of malignant tumor cells after irradiation with photon, proton,... more

Particle radiotherapy such as proton and carbon ion has been producing promising clinical results worldwide. The purpose of this study was to compare metastatic capabilities of malignant tumor cells after irradiation with photon, proton, and carbon ion beams to clarify their ion beam-specific biological effects. We examined the biological properties of highly aggressive HT1080 human fibrosarcoma cells to assess their

'Water is life ' and 'We are what our thoughts have made us' are two very common sayings. Actually our thoughts shape up our life. If water is life then logic says that there must be a relation between water and thought. Consciousness... more

'Water is life ' and 'We are what our thoughts have made us' are two very common sayings. Actually our thoughts shape up our life. If water is life then logic says that there must be a relation between water and thought. Consciousness enriches our thoughts. So, finding relation between water and consciousness also seems to be logical. There is a scientific relationship between three concepts mentioned above. Water is alive. It responds to thoughts and emotions. This reality is revealed by the experiments of Dr. Masaru Emoto, who collected samples of water from different parts of the world. He discovered that water reveals its true nature in frozen crystal form. The water of the waterfalls of remote hill areas and the stagnant water show different crystal form when frozen. Water exposed to meditating or healing music or prayer formed beautiful crystalline structure, whereas the water crystals of that water seemed to be deformed and distorted which was filled in a bottle and the words of negative feeling was pasted on it. This crystalline structure of frozen water could be examined under a dark field microscope that has photographic capabilities. The power of thought was realized by the beautiful image of the crystalline structure of that water sample which was frozen after it was exposed to positive intentions of approximately 2000 people inside an electromagnetically shielded room in California. 1 Dr. Masaru Emoto's experiments on water presents a new perspective to understand the power hidden in human beings. Human body contains more than 60% of water content. If this water content of human body gets the blissful touch of prayers and appreciation it must respond in the same way as the water responded in Dr. Masaru Emoto's water experiments. Our planet earth also contains more than 60%of water. It can also respond to the prayers for the well being of the earth. The water of the waterfalls of remote hill areas are said to be healthy for many reasons. Its closeness to pure natural environment can also be one of the reasons of its healthy feature. Holding the string of Dr. Emoto's experiments, it is possible to present the scientific explanation of the phenomenon that, how the thoughts and emotions of an individual play a significant role in making of the future of an individual. In this phenomenon the thoughts and emotions definitely lay an effect in the water content of human body. This phenomenon reveals that, the effect of a thought may stay invisible to human eyes but it never means that it doesn't exist. The photons* associated to the patterns of written words or the vibration of spoken words can bring change in the nature of atoms. Everything in this earth is made of atoms. The moving electrons in an atom can create electromagnetic field. This field can affect the atoms of other mass or body. This could be a better example of presence of God in every tiny bit of the universe. The following pictures show that how the God residing in water responds to the prayers, positive thoughts and a music of patriotism.

In this work, we characterized streptavidin-conjugated quantum dots (QDs) manufactured by Quantum Dot Corporation. We present data on: (1) two-photon excitation; (2) fluorescence lifetimes; (3) ensemble and single QD emission anisotropy;... more

In this work, we characterized streptavidin-conjugated quantum dots (QDs) manufactured by Quantum Dot Corporation. We present data on: (1) two-photon excitation; (2) fluorescence lifetimes; (3) ensemble and single QD emission anisotropy; (4) QDs as donors for Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET); and (5) spectral conversion of QDs exposed to high-intensity illumination. We also demonstrate the utility of QDs for (1) imaging the binding and uptake of biotinylated transferrin on living cells, and (2) resolving by fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) signals originating from QDs from those of spatially and spectrally overlapping visible fluorescent proteins (VFPs). Microsc. Res. Tech. 65:169–179, 2004. © 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

For patients with sarcomas, radiotherapy can be used as neoadjuvant, adjuvant, or primary local therapy, depending on the site and type of sarcoma, the surgical approach, and the efficacy of chemotherapy. The authors review the current... more

For patients with sarcomas, radiotherapy can be used as neoadjuvant, adjuvant, or primary local therapy, depending on the site and type of sarcoma, the surgical approach, and the efficacy of chemotherapy. The authors review the current status of advanced technology radiation therapy in the management of bone and soft tissue sarcoma. Advances in radiotherapy have resulted in improved treatment for bone and soft tissue sarcomas. Intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) uses modifications in the intensity of the photon-beam from a linear accelerator across the irradiated fields to enhance dose conformation in three dimensions. For proton-beam radiation therapy, the nuclei of hydrogen atoms are accelerated in cyclotrons or synchrotrons, extracted, and transported to treatment rooms where the proton beam undergoes a series of modifications that conform the dose in a particular patient to the tumor target. Brachytherapy and intraoperative radiation therapy have generally been used to ...

A software program, SpekCalc, is presented for the calculation of x-ray spectra from tungsten anode x-ray tubes. SpekCalc was designed primarily for use in a medical physics context, for both research and education purposes, but may also... more

A software program, SpekCalc, is presented for the calculation of x-ray spectra from tungsten anode x-ray tubes. SpekCalc was designed primarily for use in a medical physics context, for both research and education purposes, but may also be of interest to those working with x-ray tubes in industry. Noteworthy is the particularly wide range of tube potentials (40-300 kVp) and anode angles (recommended: 6-30 degrees) that can be modelled: the program is therefore potentially of use to those working in superficial/orthovoltage radiotherapy, as well as diagnostic radiology. The utility is free to download and is based on a deterministic model of x-ray spectrum generation (Poludniowski 2007 Med. Phys. 34 2175). Filtration can be applied for seven materials (air, water, Be, Al, Cu, Sn and W). In this note SpekCalc is described and illustrative examples are shown. Predictions are compared to those of a state-of-the-art Monte Carlo code (BEAMnrc) and, where possible, to an alternative, wide...

The nature controlled phenomenon of thinking, understanding and responding is continuously taking place in human. It is depended on life energy. Bio science addresses this issue from technical aspects. Discussion on this issue here gets... more

The nature controlled phenomenon of thinking, understanding and responding is continuously taking place in human. It is depended on life energy. Bio science addresses this issue from technical aspects. Discussion on this issue here gets stuck to the topic of brain. Even the extensive knowledge about different parts of human brain couldn't reveal this fact that where and how the feelings get created in human spontaneously. Actually a single branch of science cannot present the complete knowledge of such a complex natural phenomenon taking place in human being. This truth could be better understood by an example of a small ant, who cannot grasp the whole image of a person standing just in front of it. The story of creation of an image in human mind starts from photons. The word 'death' doesn't create same feeling as the word 'festival '. Talking from literary perspective, every word has a soul. The soul of two above mentioned words are different. So they create different feeling. This concept of soul could be understood through following lines of Elizabeth Dougherty "The photons associated with the patterns of the letters hit your retina, and their energy triggers an electrical signal in the light-detecting cells there. That electrical signal propagates like a wave along the long threads called axons that are part of the connections between neurons. When the signal reaches the end of an axon, it causes the release of chemical neurotransmitters into the synapse, a chemical junction between the axon tip and target neurons. A target neuron responds with its own electrical signal, which, in turn, spreads to other neurons. Within a few hundred milliseconds, the signal has spread to billions of neurons in several dozen interconnected areas of your brain and you have perceived these words."1 The words may be related to literature or any other field, the concept of photon is studied in physics and the concept of neurons is related to neurosciences. These concepts are confined to the compartments of different disciplines. They must be combined to realize the holistic image of the fact that how human being perceives a word? Photons play an important role in thinking and understanding process continuously taking place in human beings. "Photon is a quantum of electromagnetic radiation, usually considered as an elementary particle that is its own antiparticle "2. They couldn't be seen normally by us. But its existence in quantum level has the power to transform the culture. This form of energy is totally different from the nature and definition of energy found in school level books. In these books various types of energy are defined as per the results found by observing the experiments done with materials. These definitions could be considered as materialistic definition of energy. The separation of science from the concept of universal energy has gradually made science materialistic. If science is presented before new generation from materialistic perspective then how can an individual realize the existence of that energy which is flowing in universe as well as in an individual and everywhere outside. The knowledge about the power of photons can lead to understand this truth that what type of pictures, environment and music can create what kind of photons? How lack of awareness about photons can bring adverse effect on culture? This lack of awareness will never let an individual to visualize the existence of that energy, which is continuously interacting with him in its own way and it is also affecting his life strongly. Social and cultural awareness based on scientific awareness about universal energy can create an enlightened new generation. This generation can find out scientific ways to boost the energy residing within an individual, which can give birth to positive realities.

The considerations for electromagnetic induction are largely canonized and are not subject to more reflection. The Lorentz force describes a phenomenon of electromagnetic induction. However, this force is not cause of the induction.... more

The considerations for electromagnetic induction are largely canonized and are not subject to more reflection.
The Lorentz force describes a phenomenon of electromagnetic induction. However, this force is not cause of the induction.
Electromagnetic induction of moving charge in magnetic field is based on the electron’s magnetic dipole moment. The magnetic field aligns the electron's magnetic dipole moment in the direction to this field. The motion of the electron undergoes a - predictable and perpendicular to the two vectors of the velocity and the magnetic field - acceleration according to the cross product of this two vectors. This acceleration leads to the emission of photons from the electron. As photon has a pulse, this pulse reduces the velocity of the electron, and acts against the alignment of the electron’s magnetic dipole moment by the external magnetic field too. This process is repeated periodically until the kinetic energy of the electron is consumed.

Starting with mathematics about one-dimensional patterns it was found a model for electric and magnetic fields and photons. The model contains two quanta only and make predicts about clusters from this two quanta. The model explains the... more

Starting with mathematics about one-dimensional patterns it was found a model for electric and magnetic fields and photons. The model contains two quanta only and make predicts about clusters from this two quanta. The model explains the nature of photon spin. Further more it postulates the reality of electric and magnetic field lines and their finiteness.