Subgrade Research Papers - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

There are many factors that affect the groundwater contamination in the highway environment. This paper reports a two-dimensional numerical simulation of the movement of contamination with water into the sub-grade and water table beneath a road to determine the major factors affecting transport of contaminants. The modelling parameters were assembled from various literature sources and eight scenarios were adopted to simulate the possible controlling conditions. Analyses were undertaken to simulate 2–4 years of water percolation through the pavement sub-structure, some contamination arriving at an underlying ground water table and other arriving at a lateral drain. Overall, the potential for ground water table contamination above probable limit values is very low except in extreme permeability and low sorption cases. Results show, firstly, that the sorption capacity of aggregates should be taken into account, especially as the runoff is likely to be a more important consideration th...

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- Civil Engineering, Modelling, Pavement Engineering, Contaminants
- by Rodrigo Salgado
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- Compressive Strength, Cone Penetration Test, Compaction, Moisture Content
- by Agus Muntohar
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- Materials Engineering, Civil Engineering, Recycling, Fiber

Site investigation for different Infrastructures plays a vital role for examining the suitability of the site for different proposed construction projects. Since, it is the surveys for different factors which can be positive and/or negative influence on required activities during design and construction stages. In addition to this, site investigation is needed in order to have long life, economical and functional of different structures [5], [8]. Bridge is civil engineering structure, which has different function for given community as per social, economic, and political aspects. It is commonly built over a river, a dry valley or any depressed part of land to provide a link between the two opposite sides. Thus, before construction of such projects their site investigation is quit important. Bazo River is found in between two (Garda-Marta and Male) Woredas in Gamo zone, Ethiopia. This river has high discharge capacity of 409.7m 3 /s at dry season and 854.2m 3 /s wet season. But it was stayed without any function for the community just starting from peoples settled in the area. Hence, this research was directed to assess the site for bridge and diversion work. The main objective of this research study was Site Investigation on Bazo River for Bridge construction at Garda-Marta and Male Woredas, Ethiopia. Therefore, the study covers the feasibility of the site for bridge construction, hydrological data collection; and geotechnical investigation and analysis on subsoil materials [2], [7]. In addition to bridge foundation soil investigation, road subgrade soil investigation was also conducted to have soil class and load bearing behavior for future pavement design.

- by IAEME Publication
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- Geotechnical Investigation, Site Investigation, Subgrade, Hydrological Data
- by Murat Dicleli
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- Structural Engineering, Modeling, Performance, Structural Analysis
- by Ashok Dhareshwar
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- International Business, Highway engineering, Engineering Design, Data Management

A good transportation system is an essential requirement of any nation. It not only makes the life of the people more convenient but also results in the development of the nation as a whole. Construction and maintenance of roads require proper engineering studies and large capital investment. However, poorly constructed roads not only have lesser durability but also makes riding on the road uncomfortable increasing the operation and maintenance cost of vehicles. Suitable subgrade availability is one of the prime factors while finalizing the road alignment after engineering surveys for road alignment. But sometimes while finalizing the road alignment tradeoff is inevitable between economy and availability of suitable subgrade. Changing the alignment to avoid a weak and unstable subgrade may lead to more construction and/or vehicle operation cost. This is truer especially when a non-suitable subgrade exists for a shorter length along the alignment. In such a situation, the best remedy is to adopt soil stabilization techniques for the non-suitable soil to improve its engineering properties hence make it suitable as the subgrade material. Soil such as clayey soil is an unsuitable subgrade soil mainly because of its large swelling and shrinkage properties. Hence it needs to be stabilized before adopting it as subgrade soil. Present research work deals with the stabilization of clayey soil using coir fiber. Light compaction test and California Bearing Ratio (CBR) test are conducted on the mixture of clayey soil and coir fiber to know the effect of coir fiber in improving the engineering properties of clayey soil. The clayey soil is collected from the Bilasipara region of Dhubri district, Assam state, India. Hence this research work is helpful for infrastructure development activities in the northeastern region of India.

- by IAEME Publication
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- Stabilization, California Bearing Ratio, Subgrade, Coir fiber
- by Agus Muntohar
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- Materials Engineering, Civil Engineering, Recycling, Fiber
- by Murat Dicleli
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- Civil Engineering, Modeling, Structures and Fire Engineering, Structural Analysis

The objective of this work is to utilize the effectiveness of Rice Husk Ash (RHA) material to enhance the properties of natural soil used for subgrade material in pavement. The quality of a flexible pavement depends on the strength of its sub-grade soil. In view of the above the present investigation has been carried out with rice husk ash mixed individually and also in combination with locally available natural soil in different proportions stepped concentration of 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25% and 30% by dry weight of the soil individually are used to stabilized of Natural Soil (CL) and to evaluate its properties like Grain Size Distribution, LL, PL, PI, OMC, MDD, CBR and Swelling Pressure. The test results indicate that the addition of RHA enhances the percentage of grain size distribution, but with addition of RHA till 10% the LL, PL, PI and swelling pressure decreases, while these parameters further increases in this limit beyond i.e. 10% to 30% of RHA while enhancement is observed above 20% to 30%, Specific Gravity and Maximum Dry Density (MDD) decrease with addition of RHA, for all percentage values, whereas OMC increases in each material. The CBR value increases with the addition of RHA till 10%, while it decreases beyond the limit 10% to 30% with addition of RHA.

- by IJSRD Journal
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- Pl, CBR, Mdd, Pi
- by Murad Abu-Farsakh
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- Materials Engineering, Civil Engineering, Control Systems, Quality Control
- by Ashok Chugh
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- Software Engineering, Soil Mechanics, Percolation, Ground Water
- by kevin gaspard
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- Materials Engineering, Civil Engineering, Resilience, Materials

Investigating the index properties and identifying the characteristic of the soil is very important for construction works as well as for further studies in the future as an input. The properties of the soil such as plasticity limit, liquid limit and plastic index of the soil are basic properties of the soils; which affect the design in highway construction. The objective of this research was to know the index, physical properties of soils and classify the soils on basis of their properties through Gilgel-beles town. To achieve the objective of this study, disturbed and undisturbed samples from different parts of the town were collected. To determine the properties of soil the test was conducted by using ASTM standard test procedure. Based on the laboratory test results the properties of soils of the study area were specific gravities range from 2.6 to 2.72, clay fraction 23-54.6%, silt fraction 14.9-50.5%, sand fraction 20.82-39.1% and gravel fraction 0-1.4%, liquid limit 30-52.5%, plastic limit, 24.9-40.5% and plastic index 5-19.5%. The test results showed that the soil found in the study area from all samples are almost fine grained soil consisting of sand in nature. According to USCS classification system of plasticity chart, most of the soil of the study area falls below A-Line in ML region, and TP-3, TP-5 and TP-7 in MH region, which have high plasticity (LL>50%) and the classification soils found in Gilgel-Beles town were ML, MH and CL. And also, according to AASTHO soil classification, the study area soils were dominantly categorized in A-7-5 and A-7-6 which is poor for sub-grade materials. Based on the compaction test, maximum dry density (MDD) ranges from1.57 to 1.81 g/cm3 with optimum moisture content from 17 to 35.38 %. which is poor for sub-grade materials.

- by Tarekegn Reta and +1
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- Geotechnical Engineering, Soil Mechanics, Foundation Engineering, Geotechnical Investigation
- by Louay Mohammad
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- Civil Engineering, Resilience, Behavior, Urban And Regional Planning

A good transportation system is an essential requirement of any nation. It not only makes the life of the people more convenient but also results in the development of the nation as a whole. Construction and maintenance of roads require proper engineering studies and large capital investment. However, poorly constructed roads not only have lesser durability but also makes riding on the road uncomfortable increasing the operation and maintenance cost of vehicles. Suitable subgrade availability is one of the prime factors while finalizing the road alignment after engineering surveys for road alignment. But sometimes while finalizing the road alignment tradeof is inevitable between economy and availability of suitable subgrade. Changing the alignment to avoid a weak and unstable subgrade may lead to more construction and/or vehicle operation cost. This is truer especially when a non-suitable subgrade exists for a shorter length along the alignment. In such a situation, the best remedy is to adopt soil stabilization techniques for the non-suitable soil to improve its engineering properties hence make it suitable as the subgrade material. Soil such as clayey soil is an unsuitable subgrade soil mainly because of its large swelling and shrinkage properties. Hence it needs to be stabilized before adopting it as subgrade soil. Present research work deals with the stabilization of clayey soil using coir fiber. Light compaction test and California Bearing Ratio (CBR) test are conducted on the mixture of clayey soil and coir fiber to know the effect of coir fiber in improving the engineering properties of clayey soil. The clayey soil is collected from the Bilasipara region of Dhubri district, Assam state, India. Hence this research work is helpful for infrastructure development activities in the northeastern region of India.

- by IAEME Publication
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- Stabilization, California Bearing Ratio, Subgrade, Coir fiber
- by Nayyar Siddiki
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- Modification, Subgrade
- by Nayyar Siddiki
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- Water Content, Chemical Treatment, Laboratory Tests, Subgrade
- by Joseph Boateng
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- Materials Engineering, Civil Engineering, Resilience, Modeling
- by Rodrigo Cruz
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- Environmental Engineering, Civil Engineering, Geotechnical, Fundamental Parameters

Developing countries like India need effective stabilization techniques that are economical and effective. The existing techniques of stabilization use mechanical or chemical methods. These methods involve higher costs and effort. To improve on the stabilization methods, bio-enzymes have been used for soil stabilization. In the present study a comparative study is carried out to stabilize the local soil with conventional method, that is, cement stabilization and other using Bio enzymes. A curing period of 14 days is used to determine California Bearing Ratio (CBR) values and Standard Proctor’s test (MDD & OMC) test values from cement treated samples and Bio enzyme treated samples.

A new model for predicting the performance of a subgrade during soil compaction by rollers as a function of contact pressure and the strength characteristics of soils was developed. The model can be used to develop improved methods of... more

- by Timothy Stark
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- Environmental Engineering, Civil Engineering, Geology, Geotechnical Engineering

Road transportation is a key enabler in the development of nation in this era of globalization. Availability of strong and stable subgrade is an essential requirement for the construction of road pavements. However, along the entire road alignment good quality subgrade soil may not be available. Soil with a large plasticity index like clayey soil is undesirable as a subgrade soil. Change in road alignment to avoid such undesirable subgrade may not be economical or practical always. In such cases, the best remedy is to stabilize the existing soil. Expansive soil like clay can be stabilized by mixing it with non-plastic materials. In the present research paper effects of the mixing of stone dust on the properties of clayey soil are studied. Properties like plastic limit, Maximum Dry Density (MDD) and, Optimum Moisture Content (OMC), California Bearing Ratio (CBR) of clayey soil after mixing with stone dust at various percentages by weight are studied.

- by IAEME Publication
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- Plasticity, Stabilization, California Bearing Ratio, Stone Dust
- by Phillip Ooi
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- Civil Engineering, Plasticity, Urban And Regional Planning, Wetting
- by Gurmel Ghataora
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- Engineering, Project Risk Management, Risk Management, Risk assessment

This paper describes research undertaken to develop design procedures for using shredded scrap tires as a lightweight fill material in highway construction. The benefits of using scrap tires are particularly enhanced if they can be used to replace virgin construction materials made from nonrenewable resources. This paper addresses the use of tire chips as a highway embankment material. Design parameters for embankments constructed using discarded shredded tires are presented based on laboratory model studies, numerical analyses, and field performance of test fills. The conclusions of this report support the use of tire chips as an environmentally acceptable lightweight fill in highway applications if properly confined. Recommendations for design procedures and construction specifications for the use of tire chips in highway fills are provided.

- by Tuncer Edil
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- Engineering, Environmental Engineering, Civil Engineering, Design
- by Buddhima Indraratna
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- Behaviour, Prefabricated, Vertical, Cyclic

The South Dakota Department of Transportation sponsored a study to evaluate the effect of agricultural equipment on flexible pavements. One thin and one thick flexible pavement were instrumented at two locations and tested under agricultural equipment. Each section was instrumented with pressure cells in the base and subgrade, surface deflection gauges, and strain gauges at the bottom of the asphalt layer. Field tests were carried out during fall 2000, spring 2001, and summer 2001 to evaluate the impact of heavy equipment on flexible pavements under variable environmental conditions. Test vehicles included two types of Terra-Gators, a grain cart, and a tracked tractor. The field-testing program collected the pavement responses under five replicates of each combination of test vehicle and load level and under the 18,000-lb singleaxle truck. Data were examined for repeatability; the average of the most repeatable set of measurements was calculated and used in the analysis. The first p...

- by Peter Sebaaly
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- Civil Engineering, Modeling, Asphalt, Urban And Regional Planning
- by Yasmina Boussafir
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- Transformation, Treatment, Weathering, Screening
- by Louay Mohammad
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- Civil Engineering, Resilience, Density, Urban And Regional Planning
- by Auckpath Sawangsuriya and +1
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- Civil Engineering, Resilience, Urban And Regional Planning, Suction
- by Nur Aiza Kamarudin
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- Geology, Geotechnical Engineering, Multidisciplinary, Subgrade
- by Dan Zollinger
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- Engineering, Geotechnical Engineering, Erosion, Gpr

Subgrades in selected project area may consist of wet, highly plastic clay soil. Weak subgrades can result in fatigue cracking and rutting in asphalt pavement systems. These problems can be prevented by using thick and expensive pavement sections. An alternative to thick pavement sections is to improve the subgrade support quality through soil stabilization. Soils may be improved through the addition of chemical or cementitious additives. These chemical additives range from waste products to manufactured materials and include lime and Portland cement. As a result, this study evolved to find the performance of subgrade formation using lime and cement specific to Jimma subgrade soils. Accordingly, two disturbed samples were collected from different parts of Jimma and the required laboratory tests have been conducted in order to achieve the intended performance. From the tests conducted on Atterberg limits, the addition of cement increased plasticity index for Sample-1 whereas, the add...

- by Oluma Gudina and +1
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- Cement, Lime, Subgrade

- by Tuncer Edil
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- Engineering, Environmental Engineering, Civil Engineering, Design
- by Rodrigo Cruz
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- Environmental Engineering, Civil Engineering, Geotechnical, Fundamental Parameters
- by ali rahman
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- Advanced Materials, Reinforcement, Geogrid Reinforcement, Subgrade
- by Murad Abu-Farsakh and +2
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- Materials Engineering, Civil Engineering, Resilience, Materials
- by Samer Lahouar
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- Engineering, Ground Penetrating Radar, Nondestructive Evaluation, Aeroacoustics

... Khalid A. Alshibli, Murad Abu-Farsakh, Ekrem Seyman. Abstract. The objective of this paper is to assess the potential use of the geogauge and the light falling weight deflectometer (LFWD) as quality control/quality assurance devices... more

- by Murad Abufarsakh
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- Engineering, Materials Engineering, Civil Engineering, Control Systems

Current pavement design procedures recommend the resilient modulus of subgrade materials for pavement design and analysis. The objective of this paper is to develop two statistical models to predict the resilient modulus of subgrade... more

- by Murad Abufarsakh
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- Materials Engineering, Civil Engineering, Materials Science, Resilience

In pavement management systems, deflection basin tests, such as the Falling Weight Deflectometer test, are common techniques that are widely used, while the surface wave test, i.e. the Spectral Analysis of Surface Wave test, is recently employed as an alternative technique in pavement evaluation and monitoring. In this paper, the performance of both dynamic non-destructive tests on pavement subgrade investigation is presented. Surface wave propagation between a set of receivers was transformed into the frequency domain using the Fast Fourier Transform technique and subsequently a phase spectrum was produced to measure the time lag between receivers. Using the phase difference method, an experimental dispersion curve was generated. Inversion analysis based on the 3-D stiffness matrix method was then performed to produce a shear wave velocity profile. The elastic modulus of pavement layers was calculated based on linear elastic theory. In the Falling Weight Deflectometer test, seven g...

- by Sri Atmaja P. Rosyidi
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- Civil Engineering, Materials Science, Geotechnical Engineering, Subgrade