Urban And Regional Planning Research Papers (original) (raw)

This research explores technical innovation and the impact of resistance to innovation in the implementation of an active traffic management system. Technology-driven change initiatives are often difficult to implement and failure rates are high. Lack of success is often linked to failures in understanding the change environment or failure to account for human factors in the implementation of a new technology. This study explores stakeholder perceptions in the implementation of a variable speed limit (VSL) system in St. Louis, Missouri. Survey data from the driving public and law enforcement officials were analyzed during the first 2 years the VSL system was operational. High levels of dissatisfaction were present in survey results and indicated significant levels of resistance to innovation. Change management theory was used to link sources of dissatisfaction to common resistance factors. This provides an opportunity to develop strategies for the successful implementation of innovative traffic management systems. Decision makers involved with active traffic management will benefit from an understanding of the pervasive nature of resistance to innovation and an awareness of strategies for designing change management processes in innovative traffic systems.

- by and +1
- •
- Change Management, Intelligent Transportation Systems, Urban And Regional Planning, Transport policy

In this historical phase, cities are intensely crossed by processes and practices of appropriation and re-appropriation of places and life environments. Motivations are at different levels: necessity, political and personal. The fieldwork shows, however, another reason, namely a need for urbanity and quality of urban life. Space is the medium of all these experiences. Places and everyday life have a strong centrality in them. In fact, these experiences find in the texture and spatiality of places their solidification point, their drive and motivation, often their raison d'être, as well as an activator for their passion. A place is a material and significant space, which precipitates the linear chronographic time and turns it into everyday lifetime. The process of self-organization in / with the territory becomes a principle and a process of individuation. Finally, some experiences directly and explicitly pose questions about the modes of production of politics and institutions, thus entering into a broad debate.

- by Bou Akar, Hiba
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- Violence, Middle East Studies, Urban Anthropology, War Studies

Resum: L’article revisa els ensenyaments que, a parer de l’autor, poden derivar-se del procés d’elaboració i aprovació del Pla Territorial Metropolità de Barcelona, aprovat pel Govern de la Generalitat de Catalunya l’any 2010. El treball es divideix en tres apartat: en el primer, s’ofereix una panoràmica dels reiterats intents fallits de dotar d’un sistema de govern el territori de la regió metropolitana de Barcelona d’ençà de mitjans del segle XX; el segon apartat s’indica com, en aquest context, l’aprovació del PTMB, acordada entre els ens locals de l’àmbit i el Govern de la Generalitat constitueix una notable excepció; finalment, en el tercer apartat es desgranen deu ensenyaments que, pel govern del territori es deriven del procés d’elaboració, tramitació, aprovació i vigència del Pla.

This article contains information about the importance of preserving the historical objects as a vital condition of a normal development of historical cities. The main legislative and regulatory documents in the fields of protecting of cultural heritage, preserving the traditional character and reconstructing of the lost objects are mentioned.
The analysis of the legislation of preserving the objects of cultural heritage, the current regulations and practices of their implementation in Ukraine give grounds for considering importance of improving the regulations with the consideration of numerous violations of conditions and restrictions of urban planning of the cities with the status of historical sites.
One of the important topics of the formation of traditional historical character is the re-creation of the lost objects of cultural heritage with the consideration of their role in the city-forming, using as an example the reconstructed in 1999-2010 the Transfiguration Cathedral in Odessa.

- by Volodymyr Meshcheriakov
- •
- Architecture, Urban Planning, Urban Studies, Urbanism

The urban history of the People's Republic of China can be divided into two main periods: 1949-1976, and 1976 to the present. The first period was dominated by the philosophy of Mao Tse-tung, who articulated an antiurban perspective based on traditional Chinese antipathy toward cities, China's political and social experiences with port cities, and the Chinese Communist Party's lack of success in fomenting revolutionary change from an urban base. The resulting policies were fraught with what Mao called "contradictions." Mao realized that to achieve his goal of developing China, the large coastal cities would be the natural places for industrialization, since their locations, based on least-cost formulations, could ensure a rapid increase in GDP. Yet Mao restricted further investment in these cities, favoring instead a Soviet-based model that featured construction of new industrial cities in the interior. All cities, regardless of location and age were kept as small as possible and basic services, including housing and transportation, were rudimentary at best. The only exception to restrictions on the physical expansion of cities was the deliberate overbounding of large population centers to ensure control over rural food supplies. Industrialization thus developed in a variety of both rural and urban locations and places and investment was spread among a variety of technologies, termed "walking on two legs," instead of favoring the most modern technology available. The net results included a stagnating economy, little improvement in per capita income, and a grim urban landscape. The second period was, and remains, dominated by the ascension, three years after Mao's death in 1976, of Deng Xiao-ping as the leading personality among a group of reform-minded members of the Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party. Deng realized that if China were ever to achieve Mao's goals of industrialization and higher per capita income, radically new policies would be necessary. These new policies were the foundation of a reform program entitled "The Four Modernizations," which called for systematic upgrading of agriculture, education, industry, and the military. The locus and engine of these changes was to be the very cities Mao had rejected. The main mechanism for achieving upgrading and growth was to be the attraction of direct foreign investment to an increasing number of coastal cities. Two major results of these reforms were a rapid rise in per capita income and a doubling of the level of Chinese urbanization. China's Emerging Cities, a collection of revised versions of 13 essays originally presented at the 2005 Annual Conference of the Royal Geographical Society/Institute of British Geographers, describes and explains the consequences of the Four Modernizations for the cities of China. Structurally, the book begins with an introductory essay by the editor. He points out the "contradictions" that have accompanied the Dengist reforms. These include the emergence of Chinese megacities, large-scale urban redevelopment schemes, the linking of central cities and suburbs by multilane highways, and the reemergence of the classical Third World city including components such as quasi-slum areas and deteriorating neighborhoods. These contradictions are linked to the

- by Myron Levine
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- Human Geography, Urban And Regional Planning, Urban Affairs

In this paper, concept mapping is suggested as a methodological catalyst for organizational learning. Concept mapping, by virtue of its psychological and sociological foundations, offers a way to simultaneously understand complex systems in terms of both intra- and inter-personal relationships. We posit that key stakeholders, when taken together, represent the organization as a bounded unit and set the stage for

The city of Rijeka/Fiume underwent an array of transitions in the long twentieth
century, from the port of Hungary in the Dual Monarchy to a free
city, to D´Annunzio´s Italian Regency of Carnaro, annexation by Italy, incorporation
into Yugoslavia, and eventually the independence of Croatia. The
article examines the processes of urban reconstruction and architectural reconfigurations
in the city as “frontier urbanism”, building on Wendy Pullan’s
(2011) discussion of how various actors employ architectural and place-making
practices to secure the state in contested urban space. The article traces
Rijeka/Fiume´s urban development as a window of fixating state identities
in the built environment throughout the century, focusing on the aftermath
of the Second World War. It examines the urban transformations of the city
as the demographic landscape was reshaped after the departure of the local
Italian-speaking majority and the arrival of workers from various parts of
Yugoslavia, but also from Italy. By analysing decisions to rebuild or not
buildings damaged by war, as well as the demolition of the 1943-built votive
temple in Mlaka, the article inquires how reconstruction and urban planning
became avenues to secure the state at its new frontiers.

- by Reinout Kleinhans
- •
- Housing Policy, Urban And Regional Planning, Social Class, Housing Market

The goal of Cityscape is to bring high-quality original research on housing and community development issues to scholars, government officials, and practitioners. Cityscape is open to all relevant disciplines, including architecture,

- by Frank Heiland and +1
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- Urban And Regional Planning, Cityscape
- by Rebecca Shliselberg
- •
- Urban And Regional Planning

This paper addresses the role of quality, difference and differentiation in the value both producers and consumers attach to products and firms. It is argued that analysis of urban and regional competitiveness needs to be complemented by a renewed focus on the vital role that quality plays in competitiveness as well as an understanding of geographies of product difference and differentiation. Debates on economic development and resilience need to focus on innovation but also on how through making and providing quality goods and services -that may be based on the latest technologies or equally on age-old craft traditions -firms secure and develop competitive strengths. But since quality is always a value co-constructed in a negotiation between the consumer and producer, processes of identification and differentiation are formative. A case study of two developments in winter sport equipment is used to exemplify an industry in which quality is both an entry condition as well as a major factor in differentiation and valuation. The case illustrates the roles of producer-led innovation and user-led innovation in equipment innovation; and that the appreciation of products' quality, value and differentiation rests in interactions between producers, intermediaries and led-users in localized and regional settings. Focusing on the geographies of quality and differentiation is suggested to be important not only for firms but also for urban and regional policy. Regional advantage may partly rest upon how actors come together to coconstruct notions of quality and difference: notions that can have lasting effects on regional competitiveness.

- by Atle Hauge
- •
- Human Geography, Urban And Regional Planning

This article uses the concept of institutional thickness to describe key features of the local governance of economic development. For this purpose, a methodology for the empirical assessment of institutional thickness is developed and applied to the case of Birmingham, England. The results from this empirical analysis are threefold. First, they make it possible to draw some conclusions on the role that local governments can play to promote local economic development. Second, they suggest that institutional thickness is a useful organizing concept for analyses of the local governance of economic development. Finally, they demonstrate the value of a verifiable and replicable methodology for the detection and measurement of local institutional conditions and of governance arrangements.

- by Andrew Coulson
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- Economics, Governance, Local Economic Development, Economic Development

In recent years, converting office buildings to residential use became a high-profile issue in the UK and in the Netherlands. There has, however, been differentiation in the policy response between England and Scotland (planning policy being devolved within the UK), and the Netherlands. We conceptualize this differentiation through the lens of variegated neoliberalism in the forms of hard, soft and thin governance spaces. England, where planning deregulation is more strongly adopted, represents a thin governance space. Scotland, where there has been little policy change, illustrates a hard governance space. The Netherlands represents a soft governance space, where proactive partnerships between government and developers predominate. This paper characterizes these distinct governance spaces and explores their impact on housing delivery and place-making, and the impact of underlying ideologies and planning culture(s) in governing officeto-residential conversions in the three countries. Drawing on national government assessments and statistics, interviews with stakeholders, and case study data from three cities: Leeds, Glasgow and Rotterdam, we conclude that while both hard and soft governance spaces, to different degrees and with different merits, are environments that enable planning, thin governance spacesbeing driven more by ideology than notions of good governanceimply weak planning and place-making.

- by Nicola Livingstone
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- Human Geography, Urban And Regional Planning

Abstract: This paper presents an argument for considering issues of class in analyses of communicative planning projects. In these projects, class interests tend to be obscured by the contemporary preoccupation with the class-ambiguous category of “community”. Through a case study of a project of urban redevelopment at King's Cross in London, we conceptualize and map class interests in an urban redevelopment project. Three aspects of the planning process that contain clear class effects are looked at: the amount of office space, the flexibility of plans, and the appropriation of the urban environment as exchange or use value. These aspects structure the urban redevelopment but are external to the communicative planning process. The opposition to the redevelopment has in the planning discourse been articulated as “community”-based rather than in class-sensitive terms. We finally present three strategies for reinserting issues of class into planning theory and practice.

- by Ståle Holgersen
- •
- Geography, Human Geography, Urban Geography, Economic Geography

This volume has been prepared under the auspices of the project entitled, ‘Competition Reforms in Key Markets for Enhancing Social & Economic Welfare in Developing Countries’ (CREW Project). This project was implemented by CUTS in four countries: Ghana, India, Philippines and Zambia, and across two common sectors: Staple Food and Bus Transport with the support from DFID (UK) and BMZ (Germany) facilitated by GIZ (Germany). The aim of the project was to highlight the relevance of competition reforms for social and economic welfare in developing countries, and motivate other countries, governments and development partners to accord greater attention to the subject of competition reforms. In view of this overall aim of the project, with inputs from the project advisers CUTS designed the final conference of the CREW project on a broader theme to talk about ‘Relevance of Competition & Regulatory Reforms in Pursuing Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in Developing Countries’. The theme was thought to be both contemporary and relevant in view of the adoption of the SDGs a couple of months before this final conference. In addition to the support it received from DFID (UK), BMZ (Germany) and GIZ (Germany), the conference also received support from the World Bank, G-77 Secretariat and the OECD. CUTS is grateful to all the above organisations for supporting the conference, and indeed also the production of this volume. We acknowledge the support from the members of the Project Advisory Committee of the CREW project, who contributed to make this conference a grand success. Special thanks to Clement Onyango and colleagues at CUTS Nairobi for their support and tireless efforts in the run-up and during the conference. We gratefully acknowledge the hard work and patience of all the paper authors for contributing extremely interesting individual chapters to this volume. We are also thankful to those friends of CUTS who reviewed the draft papers – Eleanor Fox, Tania Begazo/Martha Licetti (World Bank), Rafaelita Aldaba, R S Khemani, Frederic Jenny, Payal Malik, Allan Fels, David Ong’olo, Ashwini Swain, Peter Holmes and John Davies/Lynn Robertson (OECD). We are indebted to Mukhisa Kituyi, Secretary General, UNCTAD for writing an encouraging Foreword – and we hope to continue to receive his and UNCTAD’s support. We greatly appreciate the diligence of Madhuri Vasnani and Garima Shrivastava for editing and Mukesh Tyagi for preparing the layout of this report. Special thanks are due to Ashutosh Soni for his excellent coordination of communication with authors and reviewers of papers of this volume. We acknowledge the efforts of all the members of the CREW team, especially Cornelius Dube, Shreya Kaushik and Neha Tomar. Last but not the least, this report would not have seen the light of the day without the skillful direction, and overall guidance of Pradeep S Mehta, Secretary General, CUTS. He took special interest in this volume and went through each and every paper carefully himself. Words alone cannot convey our sincere gratitude to each and every individual who have contributed in every small way towards bringing out this volume. But it is only words that this world thrives on. We express our sincere gratefulness to all such individuals, without whom the publication of this volume would not have been possible.

- by Federico Del Giorgio Solfa
- •
- Entrepreneurship, Marketing, Entrepreneurial Economics, Design

Since the late 1990s, voluntary travel behaviour change (VTBC) has been an increasingly popular strategy in Australia, applied to reduce both reliance on the car and greenhouse gas emissions. Early efforts to evaluate the impact of this strategy were generally implemented by the agency that also implemented the policy and used small sample, self-report surveys. The paper starts out by discussing the nature and size of travel behaviour changes that are frequently expected in current policy, noting that these are often smaller than the sampling and measurement errors in traditional methods of measuring travel behaviour. The paper then discusses some alternative methods of evaluating voluntary travel behaviour change implementations using panels to reduce sampling error, and using a combination of personal Global Positioning System devices and odometer reading surveys to measure travel patterns. From these considerations, a number of guidelines are suggested for what is required to evaluate voluntary travel behaviour change. The paper describes three recent case studies in Australia in which such methods have been used and evaluates the methodological approaches used in these studies against the suggested guidelines.

- by Natalie Swann
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- Case Studies, Travel Behaviour, Evaluation, Urban And Regional Planning
- by Patricia Djojopawiro
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- Human Geography, Urban And Regional Planning, Cities

This paper is about the necessity of adopting a new approach to urban planning subsequent to the coronavirus crisis. It is argued that this crisis / disaster has brought forward a need to adapt the current planning thought and practice to... more

- by Zohreh A Daneshpour
- •
- Urban Planning, Urban And Regional Planning, Housing Studies

This article contains information about the importance of preserving the historical objects
as a vital condition of a normal development of historical cities. The main legislative and regulatory
documents in the fields of protecting of cultural heritage, preserving the traditional character and
reconstructing of the lost objects are mentioned.
The analysis of the legislation of preserving the objects of cultural heritage, the current regulations
and practices of their implementation in Ukraine give grounds for considering importance of improving the
regulations with the consideration of numerous violations of conditions and restrictions of urban planning of
the cities with the status of historical sites.
One of the important topics of the formation of traditional historical character is the re-creation of the
70
lost objects of cultural heritage with the consideration o f their role in the city-forming, using as an example the
reconstructed in 1999-2010 the Transfiguration Cathedral in Odessa.
Key words: legislation and regulations o f preserving the objects of cultural heritage, historical
environment, the reconstruction of the lost objects

- by Volodymyr Meshcheriakov
- •
- Architecture, Urban Planning, Urban Studies, Urbanism
- by Ståle Holgersen
- •
- Urban Geography, Marxism, Urban Planning, Class

This paper focuses on the specific role of mid-range universities in knowledge transfer and explores the knowledge flows from these mid-range universities which face a number of additional constraints in transitional Central Eastern European (CEE) regions. The first part focuses on the theoretical framework of knowledge transfers and on the types of university–industry linkages involving knowledge transfer in the case of mid-range universities. The next section examines the development path and specific trajectories of universities in post-communist countries. The following sections draw on the findings of the ERAWATCH research and focus on cases from the non-metropolitan regions of Hungary and the Czech Republic in order to examine the specific barriers to knowledge transfer and explain the reasons behind the traditionally weaker role of mid-range universities. The paper argues that ambitious university-based developmental models have to be revised in CEE regions and the future development role of universities has to be reconsidered from a more realistic perspective.

- by Zoltán Gál
- •
- Human Geography, Western Europe, Eastern Europe, Local Economic Development

Based on a collaboration of Italian and U.S. scholars, this book presents co-generated, grounded practice stories, or “profiles of practitioners” in the emerging 21st Century Italian context. In the last twenty years, John Forester has argued that first person voice, practice-focused oral histories can make significant contributions to undergraduate and graduate education, in both urban studies and professional planning programs. As the same time, by exploring roles and responsibilities of contemporary urban planners, Daniela De Leo has tried to “push the boundaries” of what could be considered the “Italian real domain” of urban planning, since for many years the main part of Italian planners’ activities oriented to transforming cities and spaces has involved far more than producing Masterplans or urban design projects. [...]

- by Daniela De Leo
- •
- Urban And Regional Planning, Spatial planning, Urban Policies

Aydın Türk, Y., Karadeniz, B., & Özyavuz, A. (2015). Students Exploration on Campus Legibility. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 197, 339-347. doi: 10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.07.147 ABSTRACT: University Campuses are significant... more

- by Yelda Aydin Turk and +1
- •
- Urban Studies, Urban And Regional Planning, Urban Design (Urban Studies), Campus Planning and Design

Martínez, C. 2013. Lineamientos ambientales para la planificación territorial. Guía de aplicación, un aporte para la actualización de los PDOT de los GAD. Ministerio del Ambiente del Ecuador, Conservación Internacional Ecuador, Programa... more

- by Emkio Martinez
- •
- Ecuador, Urban And Regional Planning, Land-use planning, Land Use Plannign

Rent control, which still can be found in many countries, is hampering construction of new housing and the maintenance of old housing units. Although the information about home-based economic activities is not so comprehensive, it is clear that a large number of households use their home for some form of economic activity. This activity is essential for many, especially the poor, and should therefore be encouraged. Thus, mixed residential and economic uses of housing should be accepted, and pilot projects carried out to find the prospects of establishing 'mixed-use areas' more generally. The economic multipliers and backward and forward linkages are particularly high for low-cost housing construction. And such construction uses little or no imported material. Thus, there is a good economic argument for the allocation of far more funds to this sector, particularly during a period of economic recession or depression, than is presently being done in most countries in the developing world.

- by Sean Homer
- •
- Human Geography, Urban And Regional Planning, Habitat, Building
- by Penelope J Corfield
- •
- Urban History, Urban And Regional Planning, Historical Studies
- by Alexandre Queiroz Pereira
- •
- History, Geography, Tourism Studies, Culture

This dissertation examines Istanbul as a geographical and historical totality and focuses on four different and integral parts of this totality: its Ottoman past, its dalliances with modern planning attempts, the city’s death throes in the face of rabid industrialization efforts, and its first true real estate boom. These divergent parts are scrutinized through the relationship between the state and space.
This work investigates the different modes a city takes under different configurations of a state composed of, but not limited to, cultural, ethnic, religious, class-based, formal, and spatial elements. By studying Istanbul alone, it is possible to gauge divergent trajectories of the production of space that the city takes.
The changes in Istanbul’s state-spaces are studied in five stages: the first involves the urban theory that engendered my critical stance on Istanbul and the production of space and how revolutionary urbanism can be harnessed to a re-evaluation of a semiperipheral metropolis.
The second part is related to an attempt in unraveling the early modern historical characteristics of the city and its overdetermining role in the formation of state mechanisms.
The third part unearths the rupture that modernity instigated in the urban fabric and conjoining state institutions and mentalities that shaped the city.
The fourth part focuses on the industrialization and population boom of the second part of the 20th century and locates the consequence of social developments in the urban space: the squatter settlements, the gecekondus.
The fifth part grasps the cycles of boom and bust in the real estate investments in Istanbul and is concerned in the concrete production of space of the five decades since 1965. Amidst the interplay of various elements, the emergent middle class in Istanbul and its social and historical moorings in the urban built environment are revealed to be rooted in the erstwhile squatters, in the gecekondu areas.

- by Sinan Tankut Gülhan
- •
- Urban History, Urban Studies, Urban Sociology, Social Production of Space

In recent years, New Zealand has undergone fundamental economic, institutional and administrative restructuring. One outcome of this has been the implementation of the Resource Management Act 1991 (RMA). Fundamental to the RMA is sustainable management of natural resources at a regional scale. However, there are no prescriptive definitions for sustainable management in the act; rather the act allows regional and local government flexibility in developing policy and plans for economic development and environmental preservation. Recognizing the importance of biculturalism in New Zealand society, a further requirement of the Act grants Maori a significant role in the management of natural resources. Within this institutional context, Waitakere City, located on the western margin of the Auckland region, has adopted the principles of Agenda 21. The City Council has designated itself as an eco-city with a "greenprint" for future development and growth. A significant component of Agenda 21 is the explicit recognition of indigenous rights. Within its development plans, Waitakere City has adopted Maori concepts for resource management specifically for environmental preservation, water quality and sustainable management. This paper discusses the cross-cultural dynamics of natural resource management in Waitakere City. The first section describes the role of Agenda 21 and RMA in creating the eco-city and its relationship to the greater Auckland region. The second part examines the influence of biculturalism in implementing the goals of the eco-city. The final part considers the arenas in which the principles for sustainability with regard to Maori will be tested in the future.

- by Philippe Monfort
- •
- Economic Geography, International Trade, European Union, Urban Economics

Building into the historic fabric has largely become one of the principal challenges of contemporary architecture. Unshackled from the messianic promises of Modernism and its large-scale programs of substitution of the ‘old’ with a cleansed a-chronic ‘new’, societies and architects alike stand emancipated against their own built legacy. Since the ‘90s, the same applies to the preservationist fixations that see heritage in the terms of artifacts maintained as lifeless testaments of their past .
In itself, the idea of heritage brings forth one of the most fundamental aspects in mankind’s endeavor for self-preservation and evolution, namely to preserve human values and memory. In these terms, safeguarding heritage becomes an act of responsibility involving equally an ethical stance, normative policy, and technical expertise. Nevertheless ‘cultural heritage’ is hardly exhausted as a mere catalog of artifacts that show ‘outstanding universal value’ , mainly because culture itself is embedded and evolving in the fabric of everyday practices and the living memory of the community.
The act of building in such context becomes case-specific, taking into account the esthetic and cultural valuations of the setting, as well as the preservation and empowerment of an ecosystem of human production. As such, it reflects both social bonds and the trace of an accumulated intellect. The problem ultimately becomes a call for ‘good practices’, informed by an elevated awareness of our individual and collective responsibilities. Once we deem it ‘architecture’, it becomes an almost Herculean task since all new proposals must stand their place from a glorified past that sometimes stretches to the point of myth.

Highway bridge decks are often overlaid to extend service life by reducing the rate of chloride ion ingress and the rate of corrosion of reinforcing steel in the sound chloridecontaminated concrete that is left in-place. Bridge deck overlays in Virginia are usually either latex-modified concrete or microsilica concrete, and both types of overlay are considered equivalent in terms of performance. However, the latex-modified concrete overlays are more expensive to construct than the microsilica concrete overlays. Thus, it is important to determine if these overlays do perform equivalently to ensure that short-term savings do not lead to higher long-term costs.

- by Michael Sprinkel
- •
- Civil Engineering, Urban And Regional Planning, Delamination, Cracking

This paper analyses the determinants of transport costs for intra-Latin American trade over a period of six years (1999-2004). The data refer to yearly disaggregated (SITC 5 digit level) maritime trade flows on 277 trade routes. With this data set, a transport costs equation is estimated using linear regression analysis in a panel data framework. The first contribution to the

- by Gordon Wilmsmeier
- •
- Civil Engineering, Time Series, Economic policy, Urban And Regional Planning

Urbanization refers to the increase in the proportion of people living in urban areas and it leads to the urban expansion. Urban expansion is the indications of urbanization and it greatly affects socioeconomic growth and the decision making process for urban development policies. Therefore analyzing the patterns of land use change is an essential issue and it is needed for land use planning and future land management. Kolkata is one of the major metropolitan cities in India. The percentage of land use change in the 'City of Joy' is less in city core areas and it is much high in city peripheral areas. The physical expansion of the city grew linearly in south-easterly and south-westerly direction beside the eastern side of the river Hooghly as we have seen in the recent satellite imageries. Kolkata Metropolitan Area (KMA) is spread over 1875.04 Sq.km (Kolkata Metropolitan Development Authority, 2006). To analyse the expansion of the Kolkata city Remote Sensing and Geographical Information System (GIS) tool has been applied because it is very useful tool for analyzing land use changes on spatio-temporal scale. The main purpose of this paper is to analyze the spatial expansion of Kolkata city and to study the growth rate in the municipalities around Kolkata city within Kolkata Metropolitan Area. Side by side an effort has been done to find out the spatial patterns of land use change and vegetation cover change and lastly to identify the patterns of recent land use change within Kolkata Metropolitan Area (KMA).

- by Sushobhan Majumdar
- •
- Urban Geography, Remote Sensing, Urban Planning, Urban Studies

This paper discusses a specific part of sustainable transport policy, namely policies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from the transport sector. We explain how assessments of such policies will overestimate their effectiveness if market responses are not taken into account. The substantial difference between market price and extraction cost of oil means that consumption reductions will be watered down by price responses causing increased consumption in other places (spatial leakage) and in the future (intertemporal leakage). The difference between market price and extraction cost also has negative implications for the viability of alternative technologies. Leakage effects become larger when consumption reductions are only undertaken by a subset of countries: we review some theoretical evidence why strong binding international climate agreements are so difficult to reach and to enforce. All this may require rethinking climate policies for the transport sector: What policies remain cost effective for reducing greenhouse gas emissions?

- by Jonas Eliasson
- •
- Urban And Regional Planning, Transport policy, Sustainable Transport

Esta publicación es producto de la selección y edición de los mejores trabajos presentados durante las Terceras Jornadas de Planificación para el Desarrollo, que se celebraron en paralelo con el seminario internacional “Los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible y la Construcción de Futuros para América Latina y el Caribe”, organizado en Santiago de Chile, del 18 al 20 de mayo de 2016, por el Instituto Latinoamericano y del Caribe de Planificación Económica y Social (ILPES) de la Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL). Este seminario se desarrolló en el marco de las actividades del convenio de cooperación técnica entre la CEPAL y la República de Corea.

- by Mauricio Cuervo
- •
- Latin American Studies, Economics of Innovation, Strategic Planning, Foresight

The architect and planner Michel Ecochard has had a long career in developing countries, from its first works in Syria under the French rule, until the 1970s. He represented the modernist and functionalist approach to planning in a time of modernization. In this article, we concentrate on his work in Lebanon and Syria between the end of the 1950s and the 1960s. He prepared the master plans of Beirut and of Damascus. Those works represented the end of an era rooted in colonial planning. It was also the beginning of a new time, with the local planners taking on, sometimes sharing, sometimes contesting Ecochard's visions. Building on recent scholarship on the circulation of planning ideas, we focus on the reception of Ecochard's proposals. Though most political elites and planning professionals shared most of Ecochard's views, the political circumstances and the changing social conditions led to adjustments and reorientations. The new planning framework was also a major factor of change.

- by eric verdeil
- •
- Lebanon, Syria, Modernism, Urban And Regional Planning

In the United Kingdom Permian and Triassic halite (rock salt) deposits have been affected by natural and artificial dissolution producing karstic landforms and subsidence. Brine springs from the Triassic salt have been exploited since Roman times, or possibly earlier, indicating prolonged natural dissolution. Medieval salt extraction in England is indicated by the of place names ending in “wich” indicating brine spring exploitation at Northwich, Middlewich, Nantwich and Droitwich. Later, Victorian brine extraction in these areas accentuated salt karst development causing severe subsidence problems that remain a legacy. The salt was also mined, but the mines flooded and consequent brine extraction caused the workings to collapse, resulting in catastrophic surface subsidence. Legislation was enacted to pay for the damage and a levy is still charged for salt extraction. Some salt mines are still collapsing and the re-establishment of the post-brine extraction hydrogeological regimes means that salt springs may again flow causing further dissolution and potential collapse.

- by Anthony H Cooper
- •
- Subsidence, Salt Tectonics, Karst hydrogeology, Urban And Regional Planning

Gated communities as club goods: segregation or social cohesion?

- by Bill Smith-Bowers
- •
- Human Geography, Economics, Anti Social Behaviour, Urban And Regional Planning
- by Esra Turgut
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- Urban Planning, Urban And Regional Planning, Urban Design, Kentsel Tasarım

To northern Europeans Malaga is probably more familiar as an airport name than as a city in its own right. It is, however, one of the fastest growing cities in Spain and one with a distinctive urban form. The pattern of population growth, economic change, and the main contributions to the present urban structure are reviewed. The implications of such changes for planning and development strategies are briefly discussed. While elements of change suggest that Malaga is losing aspects of its distinctiveness and converging towards similarity with more northern European cities, many features of continuity with the past remain. Furthermore, social and cultural factors produce residential patterns which are different from those found in most models of the Western city. It is concluded that, while the city is in a process of transition, it is unlikely to simply replicate the structural features of cities elsewhere in Europe or North America. Michael Barke is at the Department of Environment, Newcastle upon Tyne Polytechnic, Lipman Building, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8ST, UK. ~K. Baedeker, Spain and Portugal: Handbook for Travellers, 3rd edn, London, 1908; M. Fitton, Malaga: The Biography of a City, George Allen and Unwin, London,

- by Michael Barke
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- Human Geography, Urban And Regional Planning, Cities
- by James Warn
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- Human Geography, Road safety, Public Transport, Transport Geography