Surface Runoff Research Papers - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

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- Earth Sciences, Biological Sciences, Phosphorus, Environmental Sciences
- by Zahiruddin Khan
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- Engineering, Modeling, Land Use Change, Environmental Sciences
- by Warren Dick
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- Water quality, Biological Sciences, Environmental Sciences, Soil Erosion

Soil erosion is a global challenge, seriously threatening soil and water resources andenvironmental qualities. One of the important factors to consider in the process of runoffgeneration and soil erosion is the physical and chemical properties of soils under differentland-uses. The aim of this study is to estimate soil erosion and runoff in rangeland, rain-fedand abandoned rain-fed agriculture in Karafs Watershed (Sarduyeh) in Jiroft County usingrainfall simulation. The experiment was conducted in 2012 and three land-uses withuniform soil and lithology were considered. Simulated rainfalls were 46 and 88 mm.hr-1 ofintensity with 3 iterations, which totaled 36 samples. Soil samples were taken close to thelocations of rainfall simulation from the top 0-20 cm and transferred to the laboratory forfurther analysis. The results showed a significant effect of land-use on runoff and erosion indifferent rainfall intensities, so that the highest runoff was generated in the abandoned rainfedagr...

- by Ali Akbar Jamali
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- Environmental Science, Erosion, Land Use, Runoff

- by henry mahoo
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- Rainwater Harvesting, Crop Production, Agricultural Production, Surface Runoff

Many rivers in Nepal are either ungauged or poorly gauged due to extreme complex terrains, monsoon climate and lack of technical and financial supports. In this context the role of hydrological model is extremely useful. In practical applications, hydrological models are relatively simple to implement and reasonably accurate. The present study concerns about simulating the flow of the Marshyangdi river basin and validate with the gauge station within the studied basin area. Furthermore, estimation and analysis of discharges for each subbasins of Marshyangdi river basin has be performed in this study. The HEC-HMS 4.3 hydrologic model (Developed by US Hydrologic Engineering Center was used to calibrate (from 2003-2007) and validate (from 2008-2012) the Marshyangdi river basin. The main data required as input includes rainfall, DEM (digital elevation model) soil, land use and metrological for model. After having data, HEC-HMS model are operated. The main output from model is discharge at the outlet of the catchment. Finally, the output is compared with the observed discharge at selected gauging of the basin. It is crucial to properly calibrate and validate models to give confidence to model users in prediction of stream flow. The SCS curve number method, SCS unit hydrograph method, constant monthly method and Muskingum methods are the best fit performed methods of the hydrological processes of infiltration loss, direct runoff transformation, base flow and routing part respectively. The model performance was tested for the river basin during calibration and validation period, The Nash-Sutcliff (E NS) and Coefficient of determination (R 2) used to evaluate the performance of the model. The results obtained are satisfactory and accepted for simulation of runoff. The SCS curve number method, SCS unit hydrograph method, constant monthly method and Muskingum methods are the best fit performed methods of the hydrological processes of infiltration loss, direct runoff transformation, base flow and routing part respectively. Thus, this study shows that HEC-HMS hydrological model can be used to model the upper Marshyangdi river basin for better assessment and prediction of simulation of the hydrological responses. The study recommends further studies which incorporate the land use change of the basin in the model.

- by Ruth Lawrence
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- Civil Engineering, Environmental Geology, Construction, Reservoir
- by Roland Ennos
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- Architecture, Climate Change, Climate Change Adaptation, Built Environment
- by John Portnoy
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- Earth Sciences, Hydrology, Groundwater, Sea Level
- by Dennis Timlin
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- Climate Change, Experimental Research, Biological Sciences, Environmental Sciences
- by Andy Mills
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- Earth Sciences, Peat, Rainfall, SURFACE RUNOFF PREDICTION
- by C. Pollman
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- Environmental Science, Groundwater recharge, Atmospheric deposition, Wet Deposition

Extraction of watershed parameters using Remote Sensing and Geographical Information System (GIS) and use of mathematical models is the current trend for hydrologic evaluation of watersheds. The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) having an interface with QGIS is adopted in the present study for the determination of various outputs, viz. Surface runoff, Base flow, Percolation, Potential evapotranspiration and Sediment load in Vishwamitri river watershed in Vadodara, Gujarat, India. Various data types required as input for the study comprises of Digital Elevation Models (DEM), Landuse/Landcover maps, Soil maps and Climate data. The Stream considered lies between 22° 13' to 22° 21' of north latitude and 73° 12' to 73° 13' of east longitude. Providing require inputs, SWAT model was simulated for 2003 to 2014. Analysis reveals that maximum rainfall was obtained in 2005 and minimum rainfall is obtained in 2009. In 2005, it is found out that the Precipitation is maximum, and the corresponding surface runoff in sub-basins 3 and 5 are having highest values of 767.04mm and 747.87mm respectively. Similarly, baseflow in sub-basin 3 & 5 are having lowest values of 298.20mm and 316.40mm respectively. The percolation in sub-basin 3 & 5 are also having the lowest values of 363.10mm and 381.70mm respectively. The Surface runoff, Base flow and Percolation were found out to be around 48%, 20% and 32% of the precipitation occurred in 2005, while amongst the average precipitation of the total period considered, the Surface runoff, Base flow and percolation are found out to be around 38%, 18% and 24% respectively.

- by GRD JOURNALS
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- PET, Percolation, Sediment Load, Qgis

Runoff is one of the major causes of soil loss in the hilly areas of Italy. It is possible to successfully prevent the phenomenon by an adequate drainage of water in the agricultural areas, via the modeling of soil surface, and choosing the proper tillage and crop. The best soil management is selected by a deep knowledge of the chemical and physical properties of soil, of the topography and the land use. In order to study the problem in detail, a field experiment was carried out in the hillside next to Bologna, Italy (Ozzano dell'Emilia, 44°24'N, 11°28' E, 185 m a.s.l.) for a 17-year-long period (1992-2009). In this experiment the effect on runoff of field crops (maize, wheat, sorghum, alfalfa and rye-grass) and orchard (cherry trees), with different slopes and land modelling, was evaluated. The crops were cultivated with various field modeling, in 5 plots of 1000 m2 each (50m x 20m). The soil was sandy-loam and the tillage management was performed as in the common pract...

- by Francesca Ventura
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- Environmental Science, Land management, Northern Apennines, Runoff
- by Angelantonio Calabrese
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- Environmental Science, Soil moisture, Flood Risk, Land Use
- by Michael Goss
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- Kinetics, Soil Chemistry, Surface Chemistry, Biological Sciences
- by Karl Auerswald
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- Environmental Science, Surface Runoff

According to the IPCC latest report (IPCC, 2007) many semi-arid and arid areas, as the Mediterranean basin, are particularly exposed to the impacts of climate change and may suffer a decrease of water resources in the future. By the middle of the 21st century it is estimated that the annual average river runoff and water availability will decrease over these dry regions at mid-latitudes. So, it is of great importance the study of the future changes in the hydrological cycle, due to the increasing freshwater demands. The main scope of the present study is to estimate the future changes of the surface runoff in the Aravissos area (central Macedonia Greece) due to the enhanced greenhouse effect until the end of the 21st century. The selection of Aravissos was based to the fact that the water needs of the second largest in population city in Greece (Thessaloniki) are covered mainly by the selected catchments area. Daily precipitation, temperature, relative humidity, wind speed and sunli...

- by Christina Anagnostopoulou
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- Environmental Science, Climate Change, Water Availability, Macedonia

This paper investigates the necessity of detailed s urface representation in order to generate a feasib le platform for the detailed simulation of urban runoff and surface flooding cau sed by heavy rainfalls. In recent years, urban floo ding has become one of the major environmental hazards and it has caused damage to the buildings and properties over billion of

- by Theo Schmitt
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- Environmental Hazards, High Resolution, Airborne LiDAR, Surface characterization

The multi-functionality of agriculture was studied from June to December 2005 in an upland community in Central Luzon, Philippines, by looking across the entire basin of two small water impounding systems or SWIP (Maasin and Buted II). Several sub-studies were undertaken, namely (a) the role of dominant vegetative cover on the rate of surface runoff and erosion; (b) rainfall–runoff analysis in a sub-watershed (i.e., through runoff experimental plot) and within the main watershed (i.e., reservoir inflow analysis); and (c) the environmental functions of agriculture across the entire watershed. The results indicated that about 85% (i.e., throughfall) of rainfall could reach the ground as vegetations intercept the rest. The runoff experimental plot covering a sub-watershed revealed a good correlation between throughfall and runoff. On the other hand, monitoring of reservoir inflows through which surface runoff was measured indicated similar behavior. Integrating the result of runoff exp...

Quantifying the relative importance of low intensity-high frequency and high intensity-low frequency erosion events in long-term erosion studies is challenging given the lack of long-term observations, especially at larger spatial scales. Information on statistical distributions of soil loss is important to optimize management practices and to simulate the future effects of erosion on soil properties. For example, conservation strategies have often been set up based on average erosion rates derived from plot studies, but these might be insufficient during extreme rainfall events. Furthermore, most long-term erosion models or erosion modules in soil simulation models use an average annual soil erosion rate, which is constant over time, the basic assumption therefore being uniformitarism. An inherent problem in long-term modelling is the frequent use of the USLE as a basis for erosion prediction, whereas the USLE was not designed to be used as a tool to estimate frequency distribution...

- by timothy quine
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- Environmental Science, Low Frequency, High Frequency, Soil Erosion

Abstract. The Coastal Wetlands Management Project (CWMP), funded by the Global Environment Facili-ty and implemented by the Ghana Wildlife Department, seeks to preserve the ecological integrity of coastal lagoons that serve as important... more

- by Chris Gordon
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- Ecology, Biodiversity Conservation, Seasonality, Coastal lagoon
- by Yeugeniy M Gusev
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- Environmental Science, Oceanography, Atmospheric Modeling, Climate
- by victor ponce
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- Environmental Engineering, Civil Engineering, Water resources, Applied Economics
- by K. Georgakakos
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- Hydrology, Prediction, Hydrologic Modeling, Multidisciplinary
- by Chad Penn
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- Phosphorus, Surface Runoff
- by Vladimir Aizen
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- Hydrology, Multidisciplinary, Seasonality, Air Temperature
- by David Crown
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- Multidisciplinary, Geophysical, Surface Runoff

The regrowth capacity after pollarding of a short-rotation plantation of Acacia saligna (Labill.) H. Wendl. was investigated in a field trial. This shrub has been proposed as a provider of biomass (fuelwood and fodder) in an arid environment, using local marginal water resources such as surface runoff and brackish groundwater. The specific objective of this study was to examine the

- by Jhonathan Ephrath
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- Water quality, Water Availability, Brackish Water, Low Frequency
- by Annette Trimbee
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- Environmental Science, Environmental Chemistry, Multidisciplinary, Phosphorus
- by Marcelo L Gandini
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- Geography, Water, Agroecosystems, Multivariate Analysis
- by Mark Seyfried
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- Environmental Science, Heat Exchanger, Surface energy balance, River water
- by Tom Oloya
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- Earth Sciences, Chemistry, Water Management, Biological Sciences

This study investigated the use of δN levels in Phragmites australis reeds as an indicator of nutrient input into the small temporarily open/closed East Kleinemonde Estuary, Eastern Cape, South Africa. Nutrient (NH4 and SRP) concentrations decreased from the bank towards the main estuary channel, suggesting that nutrients introduced into the estuary in groundwater and surface runoff were taken up by the fringe of reeds. The roots, rhizomes, stems and leaves of Phragmites at the site with the greatest Phragmites biomass and density had significantly higher δN (∼20‰) than the leaves at a site with no groundwater input, consistent with nutrient enrichment by septic tank wastewater and stormwater runoff. This study suggests that the δN level in reeds can be used to detect enrichment in small estuaries threatened by changing land use and deteriorating water quality.

- by Janine Adams
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- Earth Sciences, Environmental Science, Water quality, Biological Sciences
- by Anand Tularam
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- Sensitivity Analysis, Exponential Smoothing, Streamflow, Rainfall

In the present research, the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model was used for the prediction of surface runoff amounts of the catchment of Al-Masad, in the Western Desert of Iraq. The prediction period was from September 2020 to January 2030. The calibration and verification of this model were performed according to the daily surface runoff data that were measured between 2010 and 2014. Statistical parameters were employed to determine the performance of the model. These parameters were RSR (ratio of the root mean square error to the standard deviation of measured data), NSE (Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency), and PBias (percent Bias), which were calculated as 0.58%, 0.71%, and 13% for calibration and 0.55%, 0.74% and 11% for verification, respectively. The results from the model verification and calibration prove that this model was sufficient in simulating the catchment surface runoff. Furthermore, the SWAT model was applied for the prediction of daily, monthly, and yearly surface runoff value of the catchment from 2021 to 2030. The results obtained from the model showed that the annual surface runoff volume of the catchment, throughout the period of the simulation, was between 0.65 and 8.3 million m 3 with an average value of 2.622 million m 3 .

As a result of rapid urbanization in a context of economic constraints, the majority of urban residents in sub-Saharan Africa live in slums often characterized by a lack of basic services such as water and sewerage. Consequently, the urban poor often use inexpensive pit latrines and at the same time may draw domestic water from nearby wells. Overcrowding in slums

- by Elizabeth Kimani-murage
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- Environmental Science, Water quality, Kenya, Urban Health
- by D. Bosch
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- Engineering, Bioengineering, Modeling, Evaluation
- by Víctor Hugo Durán Zuazo
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- Triticum Aestivum, Environmental Sciences, Soil Erosion, Soil loss

Vegetative buffer zones adjacent to watercourses can be effective filters for diffuse pollution from agriculture. Several investigations, even during snowmelt season, have shown that retention of sediments and sediment-bound nutrients in runoff water has been high through buffer zones (BZ). It is likely that BZ also can be effective filters for sediment-bound pesticides. The retention of glyphosate, propiconazole, fenpropimorph and soil particles was studied in surface runoff experiments with 5 m wide buffer zones. Volume proportional samples were collected after each runoff episode (1999–2002). The distribution coefficient (Kd) shows moderate to high adsorption of the pesticides to the experimental soil. Results show average retention efficiency of about 51%, 48%, 85% and 34% for particles, glyphosate, propiconazole and fenpropimorph, respectively. The amount of AMPA (which is a degradation product of glyphosate), entering the BZ was high; approximately the same amount as for glyph...

- by Nina Syversen
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- Multidisciplinary, Adsorption, Norway, Seasonality
- by TI Eldho
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- River Basin Management, Curve Number, Soil Conservation Service, Surface Runoff
- by Walter Mupangwa
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- Geology, Geochemistry, Geophysics, Level Of Detail (LOD)
- by Brian Hynek
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- Hydrology, Morphology, Climate, Multidisciplinary
- by Rodger Grayson
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- Geomorphology, Algorithm, Multidisciplinary, Percolation

Amargosa Desert, Nevada regional groundwater studies show that the surface runoff infiltration occurring in the arroyos following runoff producing storms, and this infiltration is considered to be a major source of groundwater recharge.... more

- by Omar Qudah
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- Environmental Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Environmental Science, Geochemistry