Trauma Research Papers - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

The COVID-19 pandemic forces frontline health-care workers to make difficult medical decisions that may result in moral injury. Understanding the extent to which physicians, nurses, and other health-care workers experience moral injury while working in a pandemic is of critical importance to establish preventative measures and trauma-informed treatment. A national sample of health-care workers (n
109) participated in the study. The results of a multiple regression analysis indicated secondary traumatic stress was significantly associated with moral injury. Contrary to existing literature, the role of burnout
and compassion fatigue in this study was nonsignificant. Mental health professionals may reduce treatment barriers by offering flexible sessions, nontraditional hours, and short-term interventions through tele-mental health platforms to support health-care workers experiencing trauma symptoms.

- by Stacey Diane Arañez Litam
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- Trauma, Burnout, Moral Injury, Secondary Traumatic Stress

Biblical poetry, in particular the psalms of lament, provides a model of how composing one's own lament and performing it to God can be a positive element in healing the effects of trauma. In an empirical study, Zulu youth who had experienced various forms of trauma, learned to use the model of biblical psalms of lament to compose their own laments. The process of regaining agency, establishing a sense of justice (with an appeal for the perpetrator of the hurt to be punished), and a rekindling of hope for life going forward, all elements of biblical lament, are also vital parts of the healing process. Thus it is suggested that the use of poetry, in the form of biblical lament, can contribute to the healing of those who have suffered trauma.

Jordan, Mandy M. Building Resiliency: The Role of Faith-Based Organizations in the Trauma-Affected Community of Santa Fe, Texas. Master of Science (Applied Anthropology), August 2021, 205 pp., 2 tables, 15 figures, 8 appendices, references, 91 titles. On May 18, 2018, a shooter entered Santa Fe High School, killing eight students and two teachers. Using ethnographic methods, this research examines the role of faith, rituals, language, and symbols in the trauma-affected community during the response, recovery, and resiliency efforts as perceived by the Santa Fe community and those impacted by the tragedy. Qualitative data collected from 100 individuals ages of 17-84 illustrated how historical trauma, community culture, and faith-based organizations impact community resiliency and how illusions of a homogenous view of the community left many feeling shocked, divided, forgotten or muted.

- by Mandy Jordan
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- Semiotics, Christianity, Social Psychology, American Studies

An in-depth look at trauma, memory, and PTSD from a biopsychological and neurological perspective.

- by Dani Jacoby, M.A., LMFT
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- Neuroscience, Psychology, Cognitive Psychology, Neuropsychology

One of the most powerful ways to remedy the forgetfulness that obscures ancient fragmentary drama, in other words to “establish remedies for forgetfulness” as Palamedes claims to have done for the Greeks in the fr. 578 from the homonymous but lost tragedy by Euripides, is to expose the ancient material to the circumstances of contemporary performance. The surviving fragments of ancient Greek dramas are pieces of text which by definition are out of context since they are dislocated parts of a traumatised ancient play: the connection between text and Trauma is considered to be both literal and metaphorical. Yet, there are elements of theatricality inherent to these fragments and this is why they have been used in contemporary performances in various ways and approaches. Theodoros Terzopoulos has used fragments of lost tragedies by Aeschylus to create the performance Epigonoi in 2003 which was first presented in Germany and then toured internationally. From a chorus of five men the suffering bodies of Achilles, Actaeon, Ajax, Heracles and Philoctetes stand out and expose the tragic fate of those who collide with the divine, while the female character of Europe watches the consequences of war, herself a victim of it. In this paper the use of ancient tragic fragments for the creation of contemporary performances will be discussed and evaluated whether it is an appropriate pathway to follow against letting ancient fragmentary drama be forgotten. After presenting and analysing Terzopoulos' Epigonoi, the performativity of fragments will be argued along with their suitability as theatrical material for contemporary dramaturgy that explores the issue of fragmentation in life and in the narrative and also the issue of Trauma itself.

- by Shawn Stein and +1
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- Sociology of Sport, Sport Psychology, Latin American Studies, Latin American and Caribbean History

ABSTRACT The Effect of Technology on the Psychology of Death and Dying: An Empirical Phenomenological Study by Dana F. Hodgdon This study explored the lived experience of death in the hospital intensive care unit (ICU) from the... more

- by Dana F Hodgdon
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- Buddhism, Stigmatization, Meaning, Trauma

Explores definitions, distinctions, and contexts key to understanding the concept of moral injury, and provides abstracts of the other essays in the book. I've decided to upload the full version as it is already available via Google... more

- by Joseph McDonald
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- New Testament, Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), Civil Religion, Quran

The theory of structural dissociation of the personality proposes that patients with complex trauma-related disorders are characterized by a division of their personality into different prototypical parts, each with its own psychobiological underpinnings. As one or more "apparently normal" parts (ANPs), patients have a propensity toward engaging in evolutionary prepared action systems for adaptation to daily living to guide their actions. Two or more "emotional" parts (EPs) are fixated in traumatic experience. As EPs, patients predominantly engage Kathy Steele is affiliated with Metropolitan Psychotherapy Associates and Metropolitan Counseling Services, Atlanta, GA.

- by Ellert Nijenhuis
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- Sociology, Psychology, Psychotherapy, Personality

The curator of MOCA Taipei's exhibition, Rosa's Wound, used Paul Celan's poem to name the exhibition, which showcased artworks by artists from various Asian countries to discuss the relationship between art and trauma. The background of these artworks involved a wide range of issues, including the history of martial law, political prisoners, colonization, suppression, racial violence, and war. Without any knowledge of the background and context of these ideas, the general audience would have difficulties understanding the purpose of such an exhibition as well as the curatorial efforts made in the process. In this article, I have sorted out the development and trends of trauma studies in recent years, and proposed that the concept of the "post-trauma era" could help us contextualize this exhibition and gain a better understanding. Modern History and the History of Trauma Etymologically speaking, the English word "trauma" comes from Greek, originally meaning "wound," especially one that penetrates the body. The word was first used in psychology in the nineteenth century to refer to shocking experiences in modern life (such as the shock suffered by WWI soldiers in the battlefield), in which the mind's protective mechanism that was supposed to function like a shield was "penetrated" due to excessive external stimulation. 1 From the psychoanalytical perspective, trauma falls into the domain of the "Thing," which cannot be objectified. "The 'Thing' is traumatic and brings pain. We do not know where it causes pain, or even that it causes pain. It strives to be known by the mind, but fails, and can only be temporarily liberated in symptomatic repetitions." 2 The British art historian, Griselda Pollock, has dedicated her recent years to the study of the relationship between trauma and art by adopting psychoanalytical points of view (especially Israeli psychoanalyst Bracha L. Ettinger's revisions of Lacan's theory). Pollock concluded her study in 2013 and stated five characteristics of trauma: 1. Trauma seems to exist in a non-temporal, non-spatial realm: it exists permanently and is non-temporal. Like a stranger that lives in the mind, it colonizes the host. The 1 Griselda Pollock, Afetr-affects/After-images: Trauma and aesthetic transformation in the virtual feminist museum, Manchester: Manchester, UP, 2013, p. 2. 2 Bracha Lichtenberg Ettinger, " Traumatic Wit(h)ness – and Martrixial Co/in-habit(u)ating " , parallax, vol. 5 no. 1, 1999, p. 89.

- by Chi-Ming LIN
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- Psychology, Psychoanalysis, Contemporary Art, Trauma Studies

Patient falls in hospitals continue to be a major and costly problem. This study tested the mediating effect of missed nursing care on the relationship of staffing levels (hours per patient day [HPPD]) and patient falls. The sample was 124 patient units in 11 hospitals. The HPPD was negatively associated with patient falls (r = − 0.36, P < .01), and missed nursing care was found to mediate the relationship between HPPD and patient falls.

- by Beatrice Kalisch
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- Nursing, Trauma, Nursing Care, Nursing Workforce and quality of care

L’analisi antropologica e paleopatologica dei reperti umani rinvenuti nella cattedrale di Alba è stata condotta al fine di ottenere informazioni necessarie sia per delineare il profilo biologico del campione in esame (sesso, età all’exitus) e le principali caratteristiche antropometriche (statura, robustezza) sia per dedurre indicazioni sulle condizioni di vita, le attività e le abitudini comportamentali e di lavoro e lo stato di salute o malattia. Parallelamente ai rilievi antropologici e paleopatologici sono state effettuate analisi volte alla valutazione dello stato di conservazione, in quanto esso rappresenta la premessa indispensabile ad ogni tipo di approfondimento successivo: identificare e quantificare il danno provocato da agenti tafonomici sul reperto, seguendo criteri valutativi standardizzati, permette un’interpretazione più ragionata dei risultati antropologici e paleopatologici, di particolare utilità quando si affrontano studi comparativi e paleoepidemiologici. Per ciascuna sepoltura singola studiata è stata compilata la scheda antropologica informatizzata (CINTI 2012), creando così un archivio digitale di tutti i dati biologici dei resti scheletrici presi in esame.

- by Alessandra Cinti
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- Archaeology, Bioarchaeology, Paleopathology, Medieval Archaeology
- by Cihat Çelik
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- Trauma, Dissociation, Dissociation and trauma, Somatization

Resilience as a Protective Factor Against Compassion Fatigue in Trauma Therapists by Daniel P. David MSW, New York State University at Stony Brook, 2002 Abstract Many adults in the United States experience posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) within their lifetimes. Researchers have identified compassion fatigue (CF), which debilitates mental health providers as a result of being exposed to their clients' traumatic experiences, as an occupational hazard. The purpose of this study was to examine whether a correlation exists between the presence of CF and the level of resilience. A confidential survey using the Connors-Davidson Resilience Scale, the Professional Quality of Life Scale Version 5, and a demographic questionnaire were given to graduate-level mental health clinicians who self-identified as routinely working with and/or treating trauma victims in the past 6 months. Participants were recruited from the New England Society for the Treatment of Trauma and Dissociation, the Metropolitan Atlanta Therapists Network, Dallas Chapter NASW listserv, and the Georgia Therapist Network. A multivariate analysis on the collected data was conducted to determine whether a relationship exists between the resilience scale and the subscales of CF within these population samples. According to study findings, there is a correlation between resilience and the 3 compassion fatigue subscales-CF, burnout, and compassion satisfaction. This study may lead to positive social change by helping guide clinicians to find ways to enhance resilience, and therefore, decrease risks of CF.

- by Daniel P David, PhD, LCSW
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- Community Resilience, Resilience, Trauma Studies, Compassion

The essay explores how silence represents a «feminine language» that communicates through a non-uttered voice. The analysis of silence is here conducted in performance art practice by focussing on the work of Guatemalan artist Regina José Galindo: by using her works, the essay shows how the artist bears witness to trauma and to gender-related violence. This investigation approaches silent performance as capable of articulating and triggering both ethical and political considerations.

- by Giulia Casalini
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- Feminist Theory, Violence, Performance Studies, Contemporary Art

Little is known about how to detect malingered dissociative identity disorder (DID).

- by Richard Loewenstein
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- Sociology, Psychology, Trauma, Hospitalization

Quite often, when people hear the word “trigger” in a therapeutic context, one may immediately think of substance use and “relapse triggers”. Although substance use is part of this discussion for this exercise, it is important to consider... more

- by Kenneth Pecoraro
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- Psychology, Addiction, Drugs And Addiction, Mental Health

Disability studies and critical trauma studies are both deeply concerned with the social construction of meaning and identity. However, these disciplines often remain mutually disengaged, inadvertently overlooking shared mechanisms of oppression that foster stigma. This article explores the novel depiction of disability and trauma in the play Amy and the Orphans by Lindsey Ferrentino. Amy, a character with Down syndrome, challenges disability stereotypes by exercising autonomy; she is not solely defined by her disability or her experiences of abuse. The theatrical narrative is one of both disability and trauma, encouraging a nuanced reflection on the origins of stigma and revealing how theatre can be used as a tool of resistance to reclaim agency through performances that challenge conventional 'disability' stereotypes.

- by Josephine Barnett
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- Medical Sociology, Media Studies, Theatre Studies, Self and Identity

You care about difference. In this exigent mood we begin to rework reflexivity through disability and trauma studies. Using performative writing, we trouble you, me, and we in order to uncouple analytical rigor from individual bodies and identities. As we consider violence, injury, and ability, we complicate an imperative for personal disclosure. While continuing to insist on accountability to privilege, we highlight queer vulnerabilities, alternative representation, and non-normative emotion. We draw together readers and writers in a recursive textual process, a feminist ethic attentive to inequality and suffering. We call this methodological presence with others reflexive caring.

- by Kate Lockwood Harris
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- Organizational Communication, Feminist Theory, Violence, Disability Studies
- by Marvin Gómez
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- Surgery, Trauma, General Surgery, Cirugia

This is an open access journal, and articles are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 License, which allows others to remix, tweak, and build upon the work non-commercially, as long... more

- by Prannoy Paul
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- Psychology, Surgery, Trauma, Orthopedics
- by Selma Augusta Quist Møller
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- Post-Traumatic Growth, Trauma

This paper explores the intersection of trauma, memory, and identity through the lens of resilience. Here we take resilience in its multiple, even conflicting meanings and resonances – encompassing continuity, persistence, and adaptation. Through the case studies of centenary commemorations in Armenia and Ireland and Northern Ireland, we highlight the ways in which the memory of traumatic historical events both reproduces and challenges dominant narratives of identity. The resilience of memory – its ability to adapt and evolve even as it lays claim to continuity – marks commemoration as a form of haunting, a return with difference that always disrupts the very borders it is deployed to secure. By focusing on resilience understood as the counter-memory that challenges the silencing and overshadowing of mainstream memory, we conclude that it manifests differently in such different cases, and find a surprising point of similarity: the resilience of memory is that it remains. Regardless...

- by Rebecca Graff-McRae
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- Irish Studies, Art, Armenian Studies, Resilience

Immune suppression occurs frequently after major injury and undoubtedly contributes to infection and mortality in trauma patients. Prevention of such suppression may lead to decreased infection and improved survival in trauma patients surviving the immediate insult of injury. Suppressor-cell activation appears to play a key role in immune suppression after major injury. For several years we have studied the effects on immune functions after injury of various drugs which have been shown in the immunologic literature to have inhibitory effects on suppressor cell populations. H2-antagonists may inhibit suppressor cell activation by blocking surface H2-receptors, which are present in higher numbers on suppressor cells than on helper cells. Prostaglandin inhibitors may block the multiple immune suppressive effects of prostaglandins, particularly PGE2. Immunological studies suggest that low-dose cyclophosphamide selectively inhibits the proliferation of suppressor T cells. Our previous work suggested that such drugs preserve cell-mediated immune functions after injury. In experiments reported here, we utilized a standard hindlimb crush injury and amputation in mice, followed in 24 hrs by polymicrobial septic challenge using cecal ligation and 23-gauge needle puncture (CLP). Nontraumatized (control) mice had a 36.2% mortality after CLP; when crush injury/amputation was followed by CLP in 24 hrs the mortality rose to 63.8% (p less than 0.0035). When mice were given 24 hrs before crush/amputation: cimetidine, an H2-antagonist (10 mg/kg/day); ibuprofen, a prostaglandin blocker (5 mg/kg/day); or cyclophosphamide (2.5 mg/kg/day), and a second dose on the day of trauma, with CLP 24 hrs later, subsequent mortality was not different from the mortality in nontraumatized, control mice (p less than 0.0035).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

- by Ramon Zapata
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- Nursing, Medicine, Trauma, Mice
- by Lenworth Jacobs
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- Nursing, Quality of life, Adolescent, Trauma

Background: We sought to determine hippocampal volumes in a sample of inpatients in a Trauma Program specializing in posttraumatic stress disorder and dissociative disorders. Methods: We measured whole brain and left and right hippocampal volumes on MRI in a sample of 20 inpatients in a Trauma Program and 20 controls. Results: There were no differences between the two groups. Nineteen inpatients also completed a set of diagnostic and symptom measures; 16 met criteria for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD); the average score on the Dissociative Experiences Scale was (M = 45.4, SD = 20.1); and the average score on the secondary features of dissociative identity disorder section of the Dissociative Disorders Interview Schedule was (M = 9.1, SD = 4.9). Conclusion: We hypothesized that dissociation may have a neuro-protective effect, which accounts for the normal hippocampal volumes in the patients, despite their PTSD and trauma histories.

- by Colin Ross
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- Psychology, Trauma, Dissociation, Dissociation and trauma

Background: The importance of early recognition of hemorrhagic shock and its effects on outcome have long been recognized. Traditional vital signs are relatively insensitive as early diagnostic markers of hemorrhage. The Shock Index (SI); Heart Rate (HR) divided by Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP), has been suggested as such a marker. We tested the accuracy of the SI in differentiating major from minor injury in trauma patients.
Aim: To assess accuracy of shock index as a simple and early predictor marker in differentiating major from minor injuries in trauma patients in Emergency Department at Suez Canal University Hospital.
Patients and Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted on 106 trauma patients, both genders and all age groups above 18 years old, admitted to Emergency Department at Suez Canal University Hospital. Demographics, injury mechanism, HR, SBP, base deficit and lactate were recorded and Injury Severity Score were calculated. Major injury was defined as either death within 24 hours, Injury Severity Score (ISS) <=16, Intensive Care Unit (ICU) stay <=1 day or amount of Blood Transfused (BT) <=2 units.
Results: One hundred and six trauma patients were en-rolled. There was 54.72% of patients has minor trauma and 45.28% of patients has major trauma. The area under the receiver operator characteristic curves for SI [0.98 95% Confidence Interval (CI) 0.92-0.99] was significantly more than that for base deficit (0.91, 95% CI: 0.84-0.95) or lactate (0.94, 95% CI: 0.87-0.97). Shock index was found to have higher sensitivity (95.83%) and specificity (96.55%) compared to either heart rate or systolic blood pressure alone.
Conclusion: The current study has shown that shock index is the most accurate parameter (with highest sensitivity and specificity) in differentiating major from minor trauma patients compared to base deficit and serum lactate. So, shock index can be conducted as a simple and early sensitive and specific predictor marker in differentiating major from minor injuries in trauma patients.
Key Words: Shock index – Trauma – Hemorrhagic shock – Mortality – Prediction.

- by Adel Elbaih
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- Trauma
- by Adam Stannard
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- Nursing, Survival Analysis, Treatment Outcome, Risk assessment

Jane Monckton-Smith provides an excellent illustration of how the popular media depict rape and murder in a manner that conflates these two acts, constructing a gendered and sexed script that frames violence against women. Her investigation into inferred relationships between rape and murder is thorough and insightful, evincing the ways in which police investigations are informed by, and impact on, media narratives about violence. As Monkton-Smith indicates throughout her analysis, the ubiquity of violence against women means that it was likely such an event would have occurred in the media at the time of writing this review. As it was, the murder of British Architect Joanna Yeates in December 2010 served to illustrate in practice many of the factors Monckton-Smith discusses. The anxious wait for news on whether or not there had been a sexual component to Yeates's attack reflects on the gender-specific approaches to murder outlined and critiqued in this book.

- by Marian Duggan
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- Cultural Studies, Psychology, Gender Studies, Media Studies

International research has evidenced the psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on families, and the key role played by parenting stress levels. Although significant associations with parents' past trauma and resilience have been shown, this study aimed to explore their complex interplay on the relationship between parents' peritraumatic distress due to COVID-19, parenting stress, and children's psychopathological difficulties. We recruited 353 parents with children aged two to 16 years via an online survey during the Italian second wave of COVID-19. Parents' peritraumatic distress due to COVID-19, parenting stress, past trauma and resilience, and children's psychological difficulties were assessed through self-report and report-form questionnaires. Parents' past traumas significantly predicted peritraumatic distress due to COVID-19 and children's psychological difficulties. The relationship between past traumas and children's psychological dif...

- by luca cerniglia
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- Psychology, Family studies, Resilience, Parenting
- by Michael Armey
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- Psychology, Clinical Psychology, Psychiatry, Child abuse and neglect

Today the hypothesis that experience might alter the cells and behavior of an individual’s children and grandchildren has become widely accepted. In animals, exposure to stress, cold, or high-fat diets has been shown to trigger metabolic changes in later generations. And small studies in humans exposed to traumatic conditions—among them the children of Holocaust survivors—suggest subtle biological and health changes in their children.
The implications are profound. If our experiences can have consequences that reverberate to our children or our children’s children, that’s a powerful argument against everything from smoking to immigration policies that split families.
But proving that emotional trauma, as distinct from physical stress, can be passed on to subsequent generations in people is a challenge.

- by Andrew Curry
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- Genetics, Epidemiology, Trauma Studies, Epigenetics

Many research studies address child trauma experiences that take place before foster care placement. However, few studies focus on the types and patterns of trauma experiences that reportedly take place during and after foster care placement, i.e., after entry into adult living. This study examined the testimony of 43 foster care youth who spoke to a listening panel comprised of state legislators, child welfare professionals, and university educators. Qualitative analyses of transcribed text data revealed three main themes. First, the youth reported experiencing trauma before, during, and after placement. Second, the youth described trauma events and situations that were chronic (i.e., intense, composite, and/or cumulative). Third, youth offered suggestions for reducing traumatic experiences for foster care youth. They recommended earlier family interventions, access to people who listen and care, improved parenting skills for foster parents, continuity of relationships, and opportunities for leadership for foster youth. Foster youth voices offer important suggestions for building, strengthening, and evaluating trauma-informed systems of care.

- by Amy Damashek and +2
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- Trauma, Children in Foster Care

Poverty lack of resources and pervasive adversity threaten the healthy social and emotional development of many children living in rural Appalachia. Despite these traumatic stressors, however, Appalachian residents have proven surprisingly resilient and responsive to intervention. This article describes the twin efforts of the Partnerships Program for Early Childhood Mental Health and Project LAUNCH, a community-university-state initiative, to transform school systems by establishing enduring partnerships within and across schools and agencies, pooling and disseminating critical resources, and strengthening the skills, confidence and capacity of the early childhood education workforce. This article describes the three-tiered framework of services implemented at the schools, with special emphasis on its trauma-informed training for educators combined with trauma-specific mental health interventions delivered on site. Despite a modest sample size, results indicate significant pre-improvement/post-improvement in teacher confidence and hopefulness in positively impacting challenging child behaviors; a decrease in the negative attributes of the preschool learning environment; and increased teacher ratings of child resilience as measured by the Devereux Early Child Assessment. Program limitations and future directions for creating trauma-informed Appalachian schools are discussed.

- by Joseph A . Bianco
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- Trauma-Informed Care, Trauma, Counseling, Rural Mental Health

Trauma, by its nature, is existential through its impact on the manner in which the individual experiences the world, their self-understanding, and their sense of place in the world. Despite the recent proliferation of trauma literature, it remains common for trauma to be oversimplified in its conception and treatment. In particular, much of the treatment focuses on categorizing trauma into the diagnoses of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) or adjustment disorder, and then treating the symptoms through medication and/or a behavioral conception of the symptoms. It is vital that we move to a more nuanced understanding of trauma. Trauma comes in many genres and various degrees of severity. This is further complicated in that it will have different impacts depending upon one’s development, resiliency, and interpersonal support, among other factors. In this paper, we focus on the role of various existential issues in the conceptualization and treatment of trauma, particularly relevant...

- by L. Xochitl Vallejos
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- Philosophy, Trauma, Existentialism
- by Gabriele Landrini
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- Film Studies, Film Analysis, Trauma Studies, Cinema

Keynote delivered for "Holocaust Remembrance and Representation," a conference to aid planning for the first Holocaust museum in Sweden. This is a concise and, I think, quite accessible summary of a way of engaging Holocaust survivors and their accounts that differs from the conventional "testimony" model. Based on nearly fifty years of work with survivors, the approach described here is grounded in multiple interviews (sometimes over years), deepening conversation, sustained exploration rather than simply declaration ("this I witnessed"), and collaborative intepretation and reflection. Real relationships matter in what, how, and whether survivors retell ("learning together" as one survivor put it). That approach also impacts whether survivors and their recounting live on in _other_ conversations which, the talk argues, is the only earthly way any of us live on.

- by Henry Greenspan
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- Testimony, Museum Studies, Qualitative methodology, Public History

Pretendo sintetizar algumas ideias, que julgo interessantes para pensar sobre nosso tema, com o objetivo de desenhar um mapa conceitual útil para a discussão que virá a seguir. Longe de ser ostensivamente detalhado, o mapa talvez sirva como uma lista desigual de possíveis linhas de partida, e de passagem, antes de deitar a sola do pé no caminho. Tenho trabalhado com pacientes que sofreram os mais diversos tipos traumas, e parte de minhas pesquisas, ao menos a realizada no âmbito acadêmico, voltou-se para a tentativa de compreender como se forma um trauma, quais seus efeitos, e quais aspectos do posicionamento do analista poderiam contribuir ou não no trabalho com os pacientes. A constante intersecção entre teoria e clínica permaneceu em vista quando me dediquei, recentemente, ao estudo de um tipo específico de situações, aquelas que traziam o fenômeno da violência para a clínica. O primeiro conceito de nosso mapa é o de trauma psíquico. Sabemos que dois grupos de fenômenos orientaram as pesquisas psicanalíticas a respeito a seu respeito: as experiências de abuso sexual infantil e as neuroses de guerra; estas ora relacionadas, ora não, às neuroses traumáticas. Dos casos de abuso ou sedução, aprendemos que a temporalidade psíquica envolve uma atribuição posterior de significado a experiências que, de início, não mereceram, em si mesmas e assim que ocorreram, o atributo de 1 Uma parte do material que compõe este texto foi colhida da tese O caderno de Wassily: um estudo sobre a violência na clínica psicanalítica (Dal Molin, 2018), que terá alguns pontos apresentados neste texto.

- by Eugênio Canesin Dal Molin
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- Domestic Violence, Violence, Sexual Violence, Sandor Ferenczi

The current article reviews recent research demonstrating the relationship between childhood physical and sexual abuse and adult health problems. Adult survivors of childhood abuse have more health problems and more painful symptoms. We have found that psychiatric disorders account for some, but not all, of these symptoms, and that current life stress doubles the effect of childhood abuse on health problems. Possible etiologic factors in survivors' health problems include abuse-related alterations in brain functioning that can increase vulnerability to stress and decrease immune function. Adult survivors are also more likely to participate in risky behaviors that undermine health or to have cognitions and beliefs that amplify health problems. Psychiatric disorders, although not the primary cause of difficulties, do have a role in exacerbating health and pain-related problems. We conclude by outlining treatment recommendations for abuse survivors in health care settings.

- by Kenny Creed
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- Sociology, Psychology, Sexual Abuse, Pain