Adulterant (original) (raw)
الغاشّ أو الغاشّة هو مصطلح عام يشير إلى أي مادة تضاف إلى سلعة بهدف الغش؛ سواء أكانت تلك السلعة من المواد الغذائية أو من الوقود أو أي مادة كيميائية استهلاكية أخرى.
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| dbo:abstract | الغاشّ أو الغاشّة هو مصطلح عام يشير إلى أي مادة تضاف إلى سلعة بهدف الغش؛ سواء أكانت تلك السلعة من المواد الغذائية أو من الوقود أو أي مادة كيميائية استهلاكية أخرى. (ar) An adulterant is caused by the act of adulteration, a practice of secretly mixing a substance with another. Typical substances that are adulterated include but are not limited to food, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, fuel, or other chemicals, that compromise the safety or effectiveness of the said substance. It will not normally be present in any specification or declared substances due to accident or negligence rather than intent, and also for the introduction of unwanted substances after the product has been made. Adulteration, therefore, implies that the adulterant was introduced deliberately in the initial manufacturing process, or sometimes that it was present in the raw materials and should have been removed, but was not. An adulterant is distinct from, for example, permitted food preservatives. There can be a fine line between adulterant and additive; chicory may be added to coffee to reduce the cost or achieve a desired flavor—this is adulteration if not declared, but may be stated on the label. Chalk was often added to bread flour; this reduces the cost and increases whiteness, but the calcium confers health benefits, and in modern bread, a little chalk may be included as an additive for this reason. In wartime, adulterants have been added to make foodstuffs "go further" and prevent shortages. The German word ersatz is widely recognised for such practices during World War II. Such adulteration was sometimes deliberately hidden from the population to prevent loss of morale and propaganda reasons. Some goods considered luxurious in the Soviet Bloc such as coffee were adulterated to make them affordable to the general population. (en) Un adulterante es una sustancia que se encuentra presente en otras sustancias (por ejemplo, alimentos, bebidas, cles), aunque no se permite su presencia por razones legales o de otro tipo. La adulteración (el acto por el cual se adultera un producto), el producto original ha sido privado, en forma parcial o total, de sus elementos útiles o característicos, reemplazándolos o no, por otros inertes o extraños de cualquier naturaleza, para disimular u ocultar: alteraciones, deficiente calidad de materias primas o defectos de elaboración. (es) Le terme adultérant désigne toute substance introduite ou maintenue frauduleusement dans un produit (aliments, carburants, produits chimiques, etc.) de façon à le vendre ou le donner pour ce qu'il n'est pas. Le produit est alors dit "adultéré". L’action d'adultérer est appelée adultération. Les adultérants sont généralement des substances peu onéreuses, voire invendables faute d'autorisation, utilisées délibérément par des commerçants ou industriels peu scrupuleux afin d'augmenter leurs bénéfices aux dépens des consommateurs ou utilisateurs. Les adultérants peuvent altérer les propriétés du produit ou même être toxiques. L'incorporation d'adultérants toxiques dans des aliments ou d'autres produits destinés à la consommation humaine est considérée comme un empoisonnement. Le terme « adultérant » doit être différencié de « contaminant », qui désigne une substance non désirée ayant été introduite accidentellement dans un produit. Les adultérants sont également distincts des additifs alimentaires dans la mesure où ils ne sont pas utilisés pour améliorer les propriétés d'un produit, mais au contraire les dégradent au nom d'intérêts financiers. Il existe néanmoins des cas spécifiques pour lesquels la distinction entre adultérant et additif alimentaire est particulièrement étroite, comme par exemple pour la chicorée, qui peut être ajoutée au café pour réduire son coût ou comme additif alimentaire pour donner un goût particulier. C'est également le cas de la craie qui a souvent été ajoutée aux farines pour réduire leur coût mais qui est maintenant utilisée en tant qu'additif alimentaire pour améliorer leur blancheur et leur teneur en calcium. Les adultérants utilisés dans les drogues illicites sont appelés produits de coupe, ou produits de coupage. (fr) Cemaran adalah sebuah unsur yang ditemukan dalam unsur lainnya seperti pangan, kosmetik, farmasi, bahan bakar atau kimia lainnya. Cemaran dapat terdampak pada keamanan atau keampuhan dari unsur yang dicemarkan. (in) Un adulterante è una sostanza aggiunta ad un composto che modifica, solitamente in accezione negativa, il composto stesso. (it) Um adulterante é uma substância encontrada dentro de outras substâncias (por exemplo, alimentos, bebidas, combustíveis), embora não seja permitida por razões legais ou outros. A adição de adulteradores é chamado de adulteração. Um adulterante é distinto, por exemplo, de aditivos alimentares permitidos. Pode haver uma linha de separação tênue entre um adulterante e um aditivo; a chicória pode ser adicionado ao café para reduzir o custo. Esta adição é uma adulteração se não declarada, mas pode ser indicada na embalagem. (pt) 混淆品（英語：adulterant，或称攙假货）指在食品、肥料、燃料或其它产品中添加掺杂非法、违规、行骗、或不道德的化学物质。掺假成分可以是故意被制造商添加的化学成分，通常用于减轻成本、虚伪质量检验、直接欺骗客户或其它恶意意图。用来的掺杂剂应称毒物。 (zh) |
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| dbp:name | A Treatise on Adulterations of Food, and Culinary Poisons (en) |
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| rdfs:comment | الغاشّ أو الغاشّة هو مصطلح عام يشير إلى أي مادة تضاف إلى سلعة بهدف الغش؛ سواء أكانت تلك السلعة من المواد الغذائية أو من الوقود أو أي مادة كيميائية استهلاكية أخرى. (ar) Un adulterante es una sustancia que se encuentra presente en otras sustancias (por ejemplo, alimentos, bebidas, cles), aunque no se permite su presencia por razones legales o de otro tipo. La adulteración (el acto por el cual se adultera un producto), el producto original ha sido privado, en forma parcial o total, de sus elementos útiles o característicos, reemplazándolos o no, por otros inertes o extraños de cualquier naturaleza, para disimular u ocultar: alteraciones, deficiente calidad de materias primas o defectos de elaboración. (es) Cemaran adalah sebuah unsur yang ditemukan dalam unsur lainnya seperti pangan, kosmetik, farmasi, bahan bakar atau kimia lainnya. Cemaran dapat terdampak pada keamanan atau keampuhan dari unsur yang dicemarkan. (in) Un adulterante è una sostanza aggiunta ad un composto che modifica, solitamente in accezione negativa, il composto stesso. (it) Um adulterante é uma substância encontrada dentro de outras substâncias (por exemplo, alimentos, bebidas, combustíveis), embora não seja permitida por razões legais ou outros. A adição de adulteradores é chamado de adulteração. Um adulterante é distinto, por exemplo, de aditivos alimentares permitidos. Pode haver uma linha de separação tênue entre um adulterante e um aditivo; a chicória pode ser adicionado ao café para reduzir o custo. Esta adição é uma adulteração se não declarada, mas pode ser indicada na embalagem. (pt) 混淆品（英語：adulterant，或称攙假货）指在食品、肥料、燃料或其它产品中添加掺杂非法、违规、行骗、或不道德的化学物质。掺假成分可以是故意被制造商添加的化学成分，通常用于减轻成本、虚伪质量检验、直接欺骗客户或其它恶意意图。用来的掺杂剂应称毒物。 (zh) An adulterant is caused by the act of adulteration, a practice of secretly mixing a substance with another. Typical substances that are adulterated include but are not limited to food, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, fuel, or other chemicals, that compromise the safety or effectiveness of the said substance. (en) Le terme adultérant désigne toute substance introduite ou maintenue frauduleusement dans un produit (aliments, carburants, produits chimiques, etc.) de façon à le vendre ou le donner pour ce qu'il n'est pas. Le produit est alors dit "adultéré". L’action d'adultérer est appelée adultération. L'incorporation d'adultérants toxiques dans des aliments ou d'autres produits destinés à la consommation humaine est considérée comme un empoisonnement. Les adultérants utilisés dans les drogues illicites sont appelés produits de coupe, ou produits de coupage. (fr) |
| rdfs:label | غاش (ar) Adulterant (en) Adulterante (es) Cemaran (in) Adultérant (fr) Adulterante (it) Adulterante (pt) 混淆品 (zh) |
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