| dbo:abstract |
Alan of Galloway (before 1199 – 1234), also known as Alan fitz Roland, was a leading thirteenth-century Scottish magnate. As the hereditary Lord of Galloway and Constable of Scotland, he was one of the most influential men in the Kingdom of Scotland and Irish Sea zone. Alan first appears in courtly circles in about 1200, about the time he inherited his father's possessions and offices. After he secured his mother's inheritance almost two decades later, Alan became one of the most powerful magnates in the Scottish realm. Alan also held lands in the Kingdom of England, and was an advisor of John, King of England concerning Magna Carta. Alan later played a considerable part in Alexander II, King of Scotland's northern English ambitions during the violent aftermath of John's repudiation of Magna Carta. Alan participated in the English colonisation of Ulster, receiving a massive grant in the region from the English king, and simultaneously aided the Scottish crown against rebel claimants in the western and northern peripheries of the Scottish realm. Alan entered into a vicious inter-dynastic struggle for control of the Kingdom of the Isles, supporting one of his kinsmen against another. Alan's involvement in the Isles, a region under nominal Norwegian authority, provoked a massive military response by Hákon Hákonarson, King of Norway, causing a severe crisis for the Scottish crown. As ruler of the semi-autonomous Lordship of Galloway, Alan was courted by the Scottish and English kings for his remarkable military might, and was noted in Norse saga-accounts as one of the greatest warriors of his time. Like other members of his family, he was a generous religious patron. Alan died in February 1234. Although under the traditional Celtic custom of Galloway, Alan's illegitimate son could have succeeded to the Lordship of Galloway, under the feudal custom of the Scottish realm, Alan's nearest heirs were his surviving daughters. Using Alan's death as an opportunity to further integrate Galloway within his realm, Alexander forced the partition of the lordship amongst Alan's daughters. Alan was the last legitimate ruler of Galloway, descending from the native dynasty of Fergus, Lord of Galloway. (en) Alan, Lord of Galloway (auch Alan fitz Roland) (* vor 1199; † um 2. Februar 1234) war ein schottischer Magnat. (de) Alan de Galloway ou Alan FitzRoland (né vers 1175 et mort vers le 2 février 1234), seigneur de Galloway, est un important baron écossais qui règne de façon quasi indépendante sur son territoire de 1200 à 1234, et connétable héréditaire d'Écosse. (fr) Alan di Galloway, noto anche come Alan fitz Roland (1199 circa – 1234), è stato un nobile e militare britannico. (it) Алан Галлоуэйский, известен также как Алан фиц Роланд (умер в феврале 1234) — последний лорд Галлоуэя и констебль Шотландии (1200—1234), крупный шотландский магнат XIII века. В качестве наследственного лорда Галлоуэя и констебля Шотландии Алан был одним из самых влиятельных сановников Шотландского королевства. (ru) |
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wiki-commons:Special:FilePath/Alan_fitz_Roland_(Oxf...inson_B_489,_folio_65r).jpg?width=300 |
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Lord of Galloway (en) |
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Refer to caption (en) Greyscale illustration of the counter-seal of Alan's daughter, Dervorguilla. (en) Greyscale photograph of the seal of Alexander II, King of Scotland. (en) Greyscale photograph of the seal of William I, King of Scotland. (en) Illustration of the seal of Alan's daughter, Dervorguilla. (en) |
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Alan's name as it appears on folio 65r of Oxford Bodleian Library Rawlinson B 489 .ref|Other than patronyms derived from their fathers, and toponyms in reference to Galloway itself, the only surname borne by members of the ruling family of Galloway were forms of the Gaelic mac Uchtraigh, accorded to Alan and his brother, by the Annals of Loch Cé, and the Annals of Ulster. The pictured excerpt is one such instance. |
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Great seals of Scottish kings William I and Alexander II , depicting the armament of a late twelfth- and early thirteenth-century mounted knight. William's seal shows a knight wearing a conical-shaped nasal helmet and a mail hauberk, armed with a three-streamered lance, sword, and convex shield. The knight in the latter device wears a flat-topped helmet fitted with a visor, whilst a long surcoat is worn over the hauberk. Alexander's seal bears the earliest representation of the royal coat of arms of Scotland.ref|There is no contemporary depiction or description of a coat of arms borne by Alan. The arms attributed to his family are first recorded in the Fife Roll, an early fourteenth-century armorial. The seals of the family of his Morville ancestors were charged with a lion, and some of the seals used by Thomas and Alan's descendants contained the same heraldic beast. Whilst the Morvilles' lion may account for the lion borne by Alan and Thomas, another possibility is that the brothers' lion is ultimately derived from that borne by Henry I, father-in-law of their great-grandfather, Fergus. The use of a lion by Alan is in stark contrast to other maritime-orientated magnates on Scotland's west coast who bore a lymphad. The seal of Alan's daughter, Dervorguilla, contained a shield charged with a lion rampant, crowned. The coat arms of Hugh de Balliol (1272), eldest son of Dervorguilla and John de Balliol, is recorded in Glover's Roll, and alludes to both his paternal and maternal ancestry. It is the same as his father yet differenced by an escutcheon azure charged with a crowned lion rampant argent in sinister chief over all. Not all of the seals known to have borne by Alan were charged with a lion. For example, the seals attached to two particular grants to Hugh of Crawford contained a shield apparently charged with a saltire. |
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Alexander II, King of Scots .png (en) Counterseal of Dervorguilla of Galloway.png (en) Seal of Dervorguilla of Galloway.png (en) William I, King of Scots .png (en) |
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Alan, Lord of Galloway (auch Alan fitz Roland) (* vor 1199; † um 2. Februar 1234) war ein schottischer Magnat. (de) Alan de Galloway ou Alan FitzRoland (né vers 1175 et mort vers le 2 février 1234), seigneur de Galloway, est un important baron écossais qui règne de façon quasi indépendante sur son territoire de 1200 à 1234, et connétable héréditaire d'Écosse. (fr) Alan di Galloway, noto anche come Alan fitz Roland (1199 circa – 1234), è stato un nobile e militare britannico. (it) Алан Галлоуэйский, известен также как Алан фиц Роланд (умер в феврале 1234) — последний лорд Галлоуэя и констебль Шотландии (1200—1234), крупный шотландский магнат XIII века. В качестве наследственного лорда Галлоуэя и констебля Шотландии Алан был одним из самых влиятельных сановников Шотландского королевства. (ru) Alan of Galloway (before 1199 – 1234), also known as Alan fitz Roland, was a leading thirteenth-century Scottish magnate. As the hereditary Lord of Galloway and Constable of Scotland, he was one of the most influential men in the Kingdom of Scotland and Irish Sea zone. (en) |
| rdfs:label |
Alan, Lord of Galloway (de) Alan of Galloway (en) Alan de Galloway (fr) Alan di Galloway (it) Алан (лорд Галлоуэя) (ru) |
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