Jallianwala Bagh massacre (original) (raw)
مجزرة جليانوالا باغ (الإنكليزية: Jallianwala Bagh massacre) (تعرف أيضاً باسم مجزرة أمريتسار)، وقعت المجزرة في حديقة عامة في مدينة أمريتسار شمال الهند في 13 أبريل 1919، حيث أصدر العميد ريجنالد داير أمراً بإطلاق النار على المتجمعين .
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| dbo:abstract | مجزرة جليانوالا باغ (الإنكليزية: Jallianwala Bagh massacre) (تعرف أيضاً باسم مجزرة أمريتسار)، وقعت المجزرة في حديقة عامة في مدينة أمريتسار شمال الهند في 13 أبريل 1919، حيث أصدر العميد ريجنالد داير أمراً بإطلاق النار على المتجمعين . (ar) Amritsarský masakr se odehrál 13. dubna 1919, když se dav nenásilných demonstrantů a náboženských poutníků shromáždil v uzavřeném parku jménem v paňdžábském městě Amritsar. Na nenásilnou demonstraci začali střílet příslušníci Britské Indické armády pod vedením plukovníka . Civilisté se shromáždili k oslavě nového roku , náboženského a kulturního festivalu obyvatel Paňdžábu. Jelikož přicházeli z venkova, nemuseli si být vědomí stanného práva, které bylo ve městě vyhlášeno. Džallijáanválá Bagh je veřejně přístupná zahrada o rozloze asi 28 000 m² ohraničená zdí s pěti úzkými vchody. Při vstupu vojáci nejprve zahradili vstup tankem a zahradili východ. Na Dyerův příkaz zahájili střelbu do davu, která trvala deset minut a směřovala směrem k nezahrazeným východům, kterými se civilisté snažili uniknout. Podle tehdejších britských údajů bylo zabito 379 lidí a 1200 zraněno. Jiné zdroje uvádějí počet obětí kolem 1000. Tato „brutalita ohromila celý národ“, a způsobila „ztrátu víry“ indické veřejnosti vůči záměrům Spojeného království. Nedostatečné vyšetřování a počáteční ocenění Dyerova jednání britskou Sněmovna lordů posílilo hněv mas a vedlo ke vzniku Indického hnutí za nezávislost vedeného Mahátmou Gándhím. (cs) La massacre d'Amritsar, també coneguda com la massacre del Jallianwala Bagh (del jardí Jallianwala) va ser una matança ocorreguda a l'Índia el 1919, en la qual les tropes britàniques van disparar contra una multitud de manifestants sikhs. Aquell any, el govern britànic de l'Índia va promulgar el , amb el qual va prolongar el règim d'excepció posterior a la Primera Guerra Mundial, amb la finalitat de combatre les activitats subversives existents a la zona. El 13 d'abril, una gran aglomeració de persones es va reunir a Amritsar per protestar en contra d'aquestes mesures, la concentració va escapar al control i els soldats van començar a disparar, matant 379 individus i ferint-ne uns altres 1200. La massacre ha marcat permanentment les relacions entre l'Índia i la Gran Bretanya, i històricament va ser el preludi del moviment de no cooperació que va encapçalar Mahatma Gandhi entre els anys 1920 i 1922. (ca) Das Massaker von Amritsar, seltener auch Jallianwala-Bagh-Massaker, wurde am 13. April 1919 in der nordindischen Stadt Amritsar von britischen Soldaten und Gurkhas an Sikhs, Muslimen und Hindus verübt, die gegen die Inhaftierung von zwei nationalindischen Führungspersönlichkeiten protestierten. Betroffen waren Männer, Frauen und Kinder gleichermaßen. (de) La Masakro de Amritsar okazis la 13-an de aprilo 1919 en nord-hindia urbo Amritsar aŭ Amricar, fare de britaj soldatoj kaj gurkoj je siĥoj, muslimoj kaj hinduoj, kiuj protestis por sendependeco de Hindio. Oni masakris virojn, virinojn kaj infanojn. (eo) Amritsarreko sarraskia edo Jallianwala Bagheko sarraskia (punjaberaz: ਜਲ੍ਹਿਆਂਵਾਲਾ ਬਾਗ ਹੱਤਿਆਕਾਂਡ) 1919ko apirilaren 13an britainiarrek burutu zuten sarraski bat izan zen. Igande arratsaldea zen Amritsar hirian, Punjaben, Indiako iparraldean eta jendetza handia bildu zen. Jende gehiena indiarren Urteberri eguneko jaia ospatzera joan zen eta hizlariei entzuteko, britainiarren zapalkuntza koloniala probintzia horretan gogor kritikatzen zutelako. 379 eta 1.000 pertsona artean hil zituzten. Hasiera batean manifestazioa normaltasunez eta baketsu ari zen, baina jendetzaren txalo eta oihuek hiriko komandantea zen jeneral ingelesa bere senetik atera zuten. Arratsaldeko bostetan berrogeita hamar soldaduko tropa batzarra egiten ari zen plazaren sarreran jartzeko agindu zuen. Aurretik ezer esan gabe, soldaduak jendetzarengandik laurogei bat metrora jarri ziren eta britainiar ofiziala, irain batzuk entzun zituela eta beldurtuta, babesik ez zuen jendetzaren kontra tiro egiteko agindu zuen. Tiroketak hamar minututik gora iraun zuen eta ia laurehun lagun erori ziren tiroek jota. Mila pertsonatik gora zauritu ziren eta korrika zihoazen, britainiarren indarkeriak eta irrazionaltasunak harrituta. Sarraskia, ikara eta indarkeriaren ostean indiarrak hirian sakabanatu ziren. Jendeak, haserre, eraikin publikoak erre eta eraso, Banku Nazionala desegin eta britainiar zibilak mehatxatu zituzten. Horregatik, britainiarrak etxe barruetan ezkutatu ziren, soldaduek babestuta. Gaueko hamarretan, laguntzako tropak heldu ziren eta azkenean egoera kontrolatzea lortu zuten. Gerra legea ezarri zuten eta atxilotu zituztenak gogor zigortu zituzten. India osoak harrituta hartu zuen sarraskiaren berria. Gandhik mendeku eta ankerkeriatzat deskribatu zuen hilketa eta betiko markatu zuen britainiarrek Indian zuten harrera. (eu) La masacre de Amritsar, también conocida como la masacre del Jallianwala Bagh (‘Jardín Jallianwala’), fue una matanza ocurrida en la ciudad de Amritsar el 13 de abril de 1919, cuando soldados del Ejército Indio Británico al mando del general Reginald Dyer ametrallaron a una multitud de miles de hombres, mujeres y niños sijes, hinduistas y musulmanes desarmados, que estaban reunidos en el jardín de Jallianwala para el festival de Vaisakhi (Año Nuevo). (es) The Jallianwala Bagh massacre, also known as the Amritsar massacre, took place on 13 April 1919. A large peaceful crowd had gathered at the Jallianwala Bagh in Amritsar, Punjab, to protest against the Rowlatt Act and arrest of pro-independence activists Saifuddin Kitchlew and Satyapal. In response to the public gathering, the temporary Brigadier general, R. E. H. Dyer, surrounded the protesters with his Gurkha, Baloch, Rajput and Sikh from 2-9th Gurkhas, the 54th Sikhs and the 59th Scinde Rifles of British Indian Army. The Jallianwala Bagh could only be exited on one side, as its other three sides were enclosed by buildings. After blocking the exit with his troops, he ordered them to shoot at the crowd, continuing to fire even as the protestors tried to flee. The troops kept on firing until their ammunition was exhausted. Estimates of those killed vary between 379 and 1500+ people and over 1,200 other people were injured of whom 192 were seriously injured. Responses polarised both the British and Indian peoples. Anglo-Indian author Rudyard Kipling declared at the time that Dyer "did his duty as he saw it". This incident shocked Rabindranath Tagore, an Indian polymath and the first Asian Nobel laureate, to such an extent that he renounced his knighthood. The massacre caused a re-evaluation by the British Army of its military role against civilians to "minimal force whenever possible", although later British actions during the Mau Mau rebellion in the Kenya Colony have led historian Huw Bennett to comment that the new policy could be put aside. The army was retrained and developed less violent tactics for crowd control. The level of casual brutality, and lack of any accountability, stunned the entire nation, resulting in a wrenching loss of faith of the general Indian public in the intentions of the United Kingdom. The attack was condemned by the Secretary of State for War, Winston Churchill, as "unutterably monstrous", and in the UK House of Commons debate on 8 July 1920 Members of Parliament voted 247 to 37 against Dyer. The ineffective inquiry, together with the initial accolades for Dyer, fuelled great widespread anger against the British among the Indian populace, leading to the non-cooperation movement of 1920–22. Some historians consider the episode a decisive step towards the end of British rule in India. Britain has never formally apologised for the massacre but expressed "deep regret" in 2019. (en) Tugtar Sléacht Jallianwala Bagh nó Sléacht Amritsar ar an eachtra a tharla san Jallianwala Bagh (páirc an phobail), i gcathair Amritsar sa Phunjab, an 13 Aibreán, 1919, nuair a scaoil buíon de chuid Arm Briotanach na hIndia, faoi cheannas an Briogáidire-Ghinearál Reginald Dyer, ar shlua daoine. idir páistí, fir agus mná. agus iad neamharmtha. Lean tréanbhabhta lámhaigh ar feadh 10 nóiméad. Caitheadh - is cosúil - 1650 piléar amach, nó 33 piléar do gach saighdiúir, de réir fhigiúirí an rialtais. (ga) Pembantaian Jallianwala Bagh (Hindi: जलियांवाला बाग़ हत्याकांड Jallianwala Ba-g.a Hatya-ka-n.d.a) atau yang biasa dikenal dengan nama Pembantaian Amritsar merupakan suatu pembantaian yang terjadi di Punjab pada 13 April 1919. Para tentara Angkatan Darat India Britania, di bawah komando kolonel menembaki lebih dari seribu pria, wanita, dan anak-anak yang sedang berkumpul untuk protes damai di di bagian utara kota Amritsar, India Britania. Penembakan itu berlangsung sekitar 10 menit dan 1.650 butir peluru ditembakkan, atau 33 butir peluru per prajurit. Menurut sebuah sumber, 1.000 orang lebih tewas, dan 2.000 orang lebih terluka. Dr. Smith, seorang dokter bedah sipil, mengatakan bahwa ada sekitar 1.526 orang tewas. (in) Le massacre d'Amritsar — connu aussi comme le massacre du Jalianwalla Bagh — tire son nom du jardin (en) à Amritsar où, le 13 avril 1919, après trois jours de violences meurtrières commises dans cette ville contre des civils européens par des Indiens adeptes de Gandhi, les soldats indiens du Raj britannique ouvrirent le feu sur un rassemblement politique non autorisé de gandhiens, tuant plusieurs centaines d'entre eux. Il est considéré comme un des événements qui ont amené la chute du Raj britannique. (fr) Massacro di Amritsar o anche massacro di Jalianwala Bagh è il nome che indica un episodio avvenuto il 13 aprile 1919 ad Amritsar, principale città dello stato indiano del Punjab, allora parte dell'India e quindi dell'Impero britannico. Il generale di brigata ordinò alle sue truppe, in parte britanniche e in parte Gurkha, di aprire il fuoco sulla folla che assisteva a un comizio in un'angusta piazzetta della città, causando, secondo la successiva commissione d'inchiesta, 379 morti e circa 1 200 feriti. La manifestazione venne considerata una provocatoria violazione della legge marziale, instaurata pochi giorni prima a seguito di alcuni atti contro i britannici. Inoltre, Dyer non ritenne di sparare alcun colpo di avvertimento affinché la folla si disperdesse. (it) アムリットサル事件（アムリットサルじけん、Amritsar Massacre）は、1919年4月13日、インドのパンジャーブ地方アムリットサル（シク教の聖地）で非武装のインド人市民に対して、グルカ族およびイスラム教徒からなるインド軍部隊が無差別射撃した事件。市民はスワデーシー（自分の国の意で国産品愛用）の要求と、ローラット法発布に対する抗議のために集まっていた。アムリットサル虐殺事件、事件の起きた市内の地名をとってジャリヤーンワーラー・バーグ事件（Jallianwala Bagh massacre）とも呼ばれる。 (ja) Het Bloedbad van Amritsar (13 april 1919) was een gebeurtenis waarbij het Brits-Indische leger onder het commando van het vuur opende op een groep ongewapende mannen, vrouwen en kinderen. Dit bloedbad vond plaats in Jalianwala Bagh, een park in Amritsar in India. Officiële bronnen meldden een dodental van 379. Volgens anderen was het aantal echter meer dan 1000 met meer dan 1200 gewonden en de chirurg dr. Smith meldde dat er meer dan 1800 doden vielen. Uit politieke overwegingen zijn de juiste aantallen nooit vastgesteld. (nl) O Massacre de Jallianwala Bagh, também conhecido como o Massacre de Amritsar, foi um assassínio em massa ocorrido na cidade de Amritsar, no norte da Índia, em 13 de abril de 1919. Foi efetuado por tropas do Raj Britânico contra os manifestantes que reivindicavam a independência da Índia. (pt) Амритсарская бойня (Jallianwala Bagh massacre, Amritsar massacre, пенджаби: ਜਲ੍ਹਿਆਂਵਾਲਾ ਬਾਗ਼ ਹਤਿਆਕਾਂਡ, хинди: जलियांवाला बाग़ हत्याकांड, урду: جليانوالہ باغ ہتياکانڈ Jallianwala Bāġa Hatyākāṇḍ) — расстрел демонстрации мирных жителей в Амритсаре (штат Пенджаб, Северная Индия) колониальными войсками Британской империи 13 апреля 1919 года. 13 марта 1919 года по призыву Ганди в Индии началась общая мирная забастовка — хартал. Но вместо мирного протеста пошли погромы. Напряжение стремительно росло. Власти на местах паниковали всерьёз. 10 апреля в Амритсаре в ответ на выстрелы солдат по толпе и убийство 15 индийцев толпа забила до смерти пятерых европейцев. 11 апреля в город прибыл бригадный генерал Реджинальд Дайер и возглавил военное командование. 13 апреля, в день сикхского праздника Вайсакхи, Дайер объявил о запрете собираться более четырёх человек. Несмотря на это, в парке Джаллианвала в центре города собралась огромная толпа мирных жителей. Среди собравшихся значительную часть составляли женщины и дети. Дайер посчитал это собрание предвестником новых беспорядков, прибыл к парку во главе отряда из 50 солдат и отдал приказ без предупреждения открыть огонь по толпе. Число жертв, согласно британским подсчётам, составило 379 убитых (из них 40 детей, младшему из которых было только шесть недель) и 1100 раненых. Англичане на официальном уровне отказались публично извиниться и покаяться за свое колониальное преступление. Индийский национальный конгресс заявил о 1000 убитых и 1500 раненых. Расстрел вызвал негативную реакцию в Британии и её колониях. Дайер был отстранён от командования, была назначена следственная комиссия в Лахоре. Комиссией было заявлено: «Мы считаем, что генерал Дайер, приняв бесчеловечный и не британский метод обращения с подданными Его Величества короля-императора, оказал плохую услугу интересам британского правления в Индии». Некоторые сторонники колониальной политики Британии считали Дайера героем, остановившим в Индии развитие событий по типу 1857 года, когда произошло знаменитое восстание сипаев. Газета «The Morning Post» собрала для него значительную денежную сумму, а также золотой меч и титул «Защитник Империи» и «Человек, спасший Индию». (ru) Amritsarmassakern var en massaker som ägde rum i den indiska staden Amritsar 13 april 1919. En stor grupp fredliga demonstranter hade samlats i Jallianwala Bagh garden i staden. Brittiske generalen Reginald Dyer gav order åt sina soldater att skjuta mot folkmassan. Eldgivningen pågick tills soldaterna fick slut på ammunition. Över 1000 personer kan ha dödats och skadats men siffrorna skiljer sig mellan olika källor. Officiella källor hos den brittiska militären uppger att det dog 379 och skadades 1100. Sjukhus och andra civila institutioner ifrågasätter det låga dödstalet och hävdar att 1526 dog. Reginald Dyer fick öknamnet "Slaktaren i Amritsar" och stödet för Mahatma Gandhis frihetskamp ökade. (sv) Бійня у Джаліанвала-багх (англ. Jallianwala Bagh massacre), або Амрітсарська бійня (англ. Amritsar massacre, пенджаб. ਜਲ੍ਹਿਆਂਵਾਲਾ ਬਾਗ਼ ਹਤਿਆਕਾਂਡ, гінді जलियांवाला बाग़ हत्याकांड, урду جليانوالہ باغ ہتياکانڈ, Jallianwala Bāġa Hatyākāṇḍ) — розстріл демонстрації мирних жителів у Амрітсарі (Британська Індія) колоніальними військами Британської імперії 13 квітня 1919 року. В день 50 солдатів під командуванням бригадного генерала без попередження відкрили вогонь по зібранню мирних жителів у парку Джалліанвала в центрі міста. Серед тих, хто зібрався, значну частину складали жінки та діти. Більшість у Британії вважали Даєра героєм, окрім цього він був нагороджений значною грошовою премією. Число жертв, згідно з британськими підрахунками, сягало 379 вбитих (з них 40 дітей, наймолодшому було лише шість тижнів) і 1100 поранених. Британці на офіційному рівні відмовились публічно вибачитись за свій колоніальний злочин. Індійський Національний Конгрес оголосив про 1000 вбитих і 1500 поранених. (uk) 阿姆利则惨案，又稱札连瓦拉园屠殺，是1919年4月13日在英属印度北部城市阿姆利则的札连瓦拉园中因英國人指揮的軍隊向印度人民開槍而引发的屠殺事件。事件造成上千人伤亡。英属印度政府方面的数字是379人死亡，1100人受伤，而印度国民大会党方面的说法是伤亡者约为1500人，其中约1000人死亡。 (zh) |
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dbr:File:Jallianwallah.jpg dbr:File:Detail_of_Mural_Depicting_1919_Am...ar_-_Punjab_-_India_(12675536215).jpg dbr:File:'The_Martyr's'_well_at_Jallianwala_Bagh.jpg dbr:File:Bullet_marks_at_Jallianwala_Bagh.jpg dbr:File:Disorders_Inquiry_Committee_1919-...0001.001.umich.edu_(page_31_crop).jpg dbr:File:JallianwalaBaghmemorial1227.JPG dbr:File:Jallianwala_Bagh_Entrance.JPG dbr:File:Martyrs_Well_-_Where_Victims_Leap...ar_-_Punjab_-_India_(12675387185).jpg dbr:File:Massacre_memorial_in_Amritsar.jpg dbr:File:Native_crawling_up_street_where_Miss_Sherwood_was_assaulted_1919.jpg dbr:File:Plaque_Memorializing_1919_Amritsa...ar_-_Punjab_-_India_(12675316515).jpg dbr:File:Plaque_in_Passageway_Memorializin...ar_-_Punjab_-_India_(12675337405).jpg |
| dbp:align | right (en) |
| dbp:alt | Image of narrow passage between tall walls which leads to the entrance of Jallianwala Bagh (en) |
| dbp:caption | Narrow passage to the entrance of Jallianwala Bagh Garden where the massacre occurred (en) Bullet marks, visible on preserved walls, at present-day Jallianwala Bagh (en) |
| dbp:date | 1919-04-13 (xsd:date) |
| dbp:direction | vertical (en) |
| dbp:fatalities | 379 (xsd:integer) |
| dbp:image | Jallianwala Bagh Bullet Marked Wall.JPG (en) Jallianwala Bagh Bullet Marks.JPG (en) |
| dbp:injuries | ~ 1,500 (en) |
| dbp:location | dbr:Punjab_Province_(British_India) dbr:British_Raj dbr:Amritsar |
| dbp:mapCaption | Location of Amritsar in India (en) |
| dbp:perps | Brig.-Gen. R. E. H. Dyer, in charge of 50 soldiers of the 9th Gurkha Rifles, 54th Sikh regiment and 59th Scinde Rifles (en) |
| dbp:target | Crowd of nonviolent protesters, along with Baisakhi pilgrims, who had gathered in Jallianwala Bagh, Amritsar (en) |
| dbp:text | "News has been received from the Punjab that the Amritsar mob has again broken out in a violent attack against the authorities. The rebels were repulsed by the military and they suffered 200 casualties ." (en) |
| dbp:time | 330.0 (dbd:second) |
| dbp:timezone | dbr:Indian_Standard_Time |
| dbp:title | 0001-04-14 (xsd:gMonthDay) |
| dbp:type | dbr:Massacre |
| dbp:weapons | Lee-Enfield rifles (en) |
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| rdfs:comment | مجزرة جليانوالا باغ (الإنكليزية: Jallianwala Bagh massacre) (تعرف أيضاً باسم مجزرة أمريتسار)، وقعت المجزرة في حديقة عامة في مدينة أمريتسار شمال الهند في 13 أبريل 1919، حيث أصدر العميد ريجنالد داير أمراً بإطلاق النار على المتجمعين . (ar) Das Massaker von Amritsar, seltener auch Jallianwala-Bagh-Massaker, wurde am 13. April 1919 in der nordindischen Stadt Amritsar von britischen Soldaten und Gurkhas an Sikhs, Muslimen und Hindus verübt, die gegen die Inhaftierung von zwei nationalindischen Führungspersönlichkeiten protestierten. Betroffen waren Männer, Frauen und Kinder gleichermaßen. (de) La Masakro de Amritsar okazis la 13-an de aprilo 1919 en nord-hindia urbo Amritsar aŭ Amricar, fare de britaj soldatoj kaj gurkoj je siĥoj, muslimoj kaj hinduoj, kiuj protestis por sendependeco de Hindio. Oni masakris virojn, virinojn kaj infanojn. (eo) La masacre de Amritsar, también conocida como la masacre del Jallianwala Bagh (‘Jardín Jallianwala’), fue una matanza ocurrida en la ciudad de Amritsar el 13 de abril de 1919, cuando soldados del Ejército Indio Británico al mando del general Reginald Dyer ametrallaron a una multitud de miles de hombres, mujeres y niños sijes, hinduistas y musulmanes desarmados, que estaban reunidos en el jardín de Jallianwala para el festival de Vaisakhi (Año Nuevo). (es) Tugtar Sléacht Jallianwala Bagh nó Sléacht Amritsar ar an eachtra a tharla san Jallianwala Bagh (páirc an phobail), i gcathair Amritsar sa Phunjab, an 13 Aibreán, 1919, nuair a scaoil buíon de chuid Arm Briotanach na hIndia, faoi cheannas an Briogáidire-Ghinearál Reginald Dyer, ar shlua daoine. idir páistí, fir agus mná. agus iad neamharmtha. Lean tréanbhabhta lámhaigh ar feadh 10 nóiméad. Caitheadh - is cosúil - 1650 piléar amach, nó 33 piléar do gach saighdiúir, de réir fhigiúirí an rialtais. (ga) Pembantaian Jallianwala Bagh (Hindi: जलियांवाला बाग़ हत्याकांड Jallianwala Ba-g.a Hatya-ka-n.d.a) atau yang biasa dikenal dengan nama Pembantaian Amritsar merupakan suatu pembantaian yang terjadi di Punjab pada 13 April 1919. Para tentara Angkatan Darat India Britania, di bawah komando kolonel menembaki lebih dari seribu pria, wanita, dan anak-anak yang sedang berkumpul untuk protes damai di di bagian utara kota Amritsar, India Britania. Penembakan itu berlangsung sekitar 10 menit dan 1.650 butir peluru ditembakkan, atau 33 butir peluru per prajurit. Menurut sebuah sumber, 1.000 orang lebih tewas, dan 2.000 orang lebih terluka. Dr. Smith, seorang dokter bedah sipil, mengatakan bahwa ada sekitar 1.526 orang tewas. (in) Le massacre d'Amritsar — connu aussi comme le massacre du Jalianwalla Bagh — tire son nom du jardin (en) à Amritsar où, le 13 avril 1919, après trois jours de violences meurtrières commises dans cette ville contre des civils européens par des Indiens adeptes de Gandhi, les soldats indiens du Raj britannique ouvrirent le feu sur un rassemblement politique non autorisé de gandhiens, tuant plusieurs centaines d'entre eux. Il est considéré comme un des événements qui ont amené la chute du Raj britannique. (fr) アムリットサル事件（アムリットサルじけん、Amritsar Massacre）は、1919年4月13日、インドのパンジャーブ地方アムリットサル（シク教の聖地）で非武装のインド人市民に対して、グルカ族およびイスラム教徒からなるインド軍部隊が無差別射撃した事件。市民はスワデーシー（自分の国の意で国産品愛用）の要求と、ローラット法発布に対する抗議のために集まっていた。アムリットサル虐殺事件、事件の起きた市内の地名をとってジャリヤーンワーラー・バーグ事件（Jallianwala Bagh massacre）とも呼ばれる。 (ja) Het Bloedbad van Amritsar (13 april 1919) was een gebeurtenis waarbij het Brits-Indische leger onder het commando van het vuur opende op een groep ongewapende mannen, vrouwen en kinderen. Dit bloedbad vond plaats in Jalianwala Bagh, een park in Amritsar in India. Officiële bronnen meldden een dodental van 379. Volgens anderen was het aantal echter meer dan 1000 met meer dan 1200 gewonden en de chirurg dr. Smith meldde dat er meer dan 1800 doden vielen. Uit politieke overwegingen zijn de juiste aantallen nooit vastgesteld. (nl) O Massacre de Jallianwala Bagh, também conhecido como o Massacre de Amritsar, foi um assassínio em massa ocorrido na cidade de Amritsar, no norte da Índia, em 13 de abril de 1919. Foi efetuado por tropas do Raj Britânico contra os manifestantes que reivindicavam a independência da Índia. (pt) 阿姆利则惨案，又稱札连瓦拉园屠殺，是1919年4月13日在英属印度北部城市阿姆利则的札连瓦拉园中因英國人指揮的軍隊向印度人民開槍而引发的屠殺事件。事件造成上千人伤亡。英属印度政府方面的数字是379人死亡，1100人受伤，而印度国民大会党方面的说法是伤亡者约为1500人，其中约1000人死亡。 (zh) La massacre d'Amritsar, també coneguda com la massacre del Jallianwala Bagh (del jardí Jallianwala) va ser una matança ocorreguda a l'Índia el 1919, en la qual les tropes britàniques van disparar contra una multitud de manifestants sikhs. La massacre ha marcat permanentment les relacions entre l'Índia i la Gran Bretanya, i històricament va ser el preludi del moviment de no cooperació que va encapçalar Mahatma Gandhi entre els anys 1920 i 1922. (ca) Amritsarský masakr se odehrál 13. dubna 1919, když se dav nenásilných demonstrantů a náboženských poutníků shromáždil v uzavřeném parku jménem v paňdžábském městě Amritsar. Na nenásilnou demonstraci začali střílet příslušníci Britské Indické armády pod vedením plukovníka . Civilisté se shromáždili k oslavě nového roku , náboženského a kulturního festivalu obyvatel Paňdžábu. Jelikož přicházeli z venkova, nemuseli si být vědomí stanného práva, které bylo ve městě vyhlášeno. (cs) The Jallianwala Bagh massacre, also known as the Amritsar massacre, took place on 13 April 1919. A large peaceful crowd had gathered at the Jallianwala Bagh in Amritsar, Punjab, to protest against the Rowlatt Act and arrest of pro-independence activists Saifuddin Kitchlew and Satyapal. In response to the public gathering, the temporary Brigadier general, R. E. H. Dyer, surrounded the protesters with his Gurkha, Baloch, Rajput and Sikh from 2-9th Gurkhas, the 54th Sikhs and the 59th Scinde Rifles of British Indian Army. The Jallianwala Bagh could only be exited on one side, as its other three sides were enclosed by buildings. After blocking the exit with his troops, he ordered them to shoot at the crowd, continuing to fire even as the protestors tried to flee. The troops kept on firing unti (en) Amritsarreko sarraskia edo Jallianwala Bagheko sarraskia (punjaberaz: ਜਲ੍ਹਿਆਂਵਾਲਾ ਬਾਗ ਹੱਤਿਆਕਾਂਡ) 1919ko apirilaren 13an britainiarrek burutu zuten sarraski bat izan zen. Igande arratsaldea zen Amritsar hirian, Punjaben, Indiako iparraldean eta jendetza handia bildu zen. Jende gehiena indiarren Urteberri eguneko jaia ospatzera joan zen eta hizlariei entzuteko, britainiarren zapalkuntza koloniala probintzia horretan gogor kritikatzen zutelako. 379 eta 1.000 pertsona artean hil zituzten. (eu) Massacro di Amritsar o anche massacro di Jalianwala Bagh è il nome che indica un episodio avvenuto il 13 aprile 1919 ad Amritsar, principale città dello stato indiano del Punjab, allora parte dell'India e quindi dell'Impero britannico. Il generale di brigata ordinò alle sue truppe, in parte britanniche e in parte Gurkha, di aprire il fuoco sulla folla che assisteva a un comizio in un'angusta piazzetta della città, causando, secondo la successiva commissione d'inchiesta, 379 morti e circa 1 200 feriti. (it) Amritsarmassakern var en massaker som ägde rum i den indiska staden Amritsar 13 april 1919. En stor grupp fredliga demonstranter hade samlats i Jallianwala Bagh garden i staden. Brittiske generalen Reginald Dyer gav order åt sina soldater att skjuta mot folkmassan. Eldgivningen pågick tills soldaterna fick slut på ammunition. Över 1000 personer kan ha dödats och skadats men siffrorna skiljer sig mellan olika källor. Officiella källor hos den brittiska militären uppger att det dog 379 och skadades 1100. Sjukhus och andra civila institutioner ifrågasätter det låga dödstalet och hävdar att 1526 dog. (sv) Бійня у Джаліанвала-багх (англ. Jallianwala Bagh massacre), або Амрітсарська бійня (англ. Amritsar massacre, пенджаб. ਜਲ੍ਹਿਆਂਵਾਲਾ ਬਾਗ਼ ਹਤਿਆਕਾਂਡ, гінді जलियांवाला बाग़ हत्याकांड, урду جليانوالہ باغ ہتياکانڈ, Jallianwala Bāġa Hatyākāṇḍ) — розстріл демонстрації мирних жителів у Амрітсарі (Британська Індія) колоніальними військами Британської імперії 13 квітня 1919 року. (uk) Амритсарская бойня (Jallianwala Bagh massacre, Amritsar massacre, пенджаби: ਜਲ੍ਹਿਆਂਵਾਲਾ ਬਾਗ਼ ਹਤਿਆਕਾਂਡ, хинди: जलियांवाला बाग़ हत्याकांड, урду: جليانوالہ باغ ہتياکانڈ Jallianwala Bāġa Hatyākāṇḍ) — расстрел демонстрации мирных жителей в Амритсаре (штат Пенджаб, Северная Индия) колониальными войсками Британской империи 13 апреля 1919 года. 13 марта 1919 года по призыву Ганди в Индии началась общая мирная забастовка — хартал. Но вместо мирного протеста пошли погромы. Напряжение стремительно росло. Власти на местах паниковали всерьёз. (ru) |
| rdfs:label | مذبحة أمريتسار (ar) Massacre d'Amritsar (ca) Masakr v Amritsaru (cs) Massaker von Amritsar (de) Masakro de Amritsar (eo) Masacre de Amritsar (es) Amritsarreko sarraskia (eu) Sléacht Jallianwala Bagh (ga) Pembantaian Amritsar (in) Massacre d'Amritsar (fr) Massacro di Amritsar (it) Jallianwala Bagh massacre (en) アムリットサル事件 (ja) Bloedbad van Amritsar (nl) Massacre de Jallianwala Bagh (pt) Амритсарская бойня (ru) Amritsarmassakern (sv) Бійня у Джаліанвала-багх (uk) 阿姆利則慘案 (zh) |
| rdfs:seeAlso | dbr:Udham_Singh dbr:Rowlatt_Committee dbr:Ghadar_Mutiny |
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