Rail transport in India (original) (raw)
- Der Schienenverkehr in Indien benutzt hinter den USA, China und Russland das viertgrößte Eisenbahnnetz der Welt. Es wird von der staatlichen Indian Railways betrieben. (de)
- El transporte ferroviario en India de larga distancia consiste en operaciones ferroviarias operadas casi siempre por una empresa estatal, la Indian Railways, bajo control del Ministerio Federal del Ferrocarril. La red ferroviaria cubre toda la longitud del país, abarcando una extensión total de 63.140 kilómetros (39.234 millas).Es la segunda mayor red ferroviaria del mundo, que mueve más de 5.000 millones de pasajeros y más de 350 millones de toneladas de carga anualmente. Sus operaciones engloban además de prestar servicios limitados al Nepal, Bangladés y Pakistán. Las vías de ferrocarril fueron introducidas en la India en 1853, y en la época de la Independencia de la India en 1947 se contaba ya con cuarenta y? líneas ferroviarias. En 1951 las líneas fueron nacionalizadas como una unidad -Indian Railways- para formar una de las mayores redes del mundo. Las locomotoras fabricadas en diversos lugares de la India reciben códigos que especifican sus series, potencia y el tipo de operación. Los semáforos son usados como señales, pero en algunas zonas remotas de operación también son utilizadas las señales mecánicas más primitivas. Las clases de viaje van desde general hasta primera clase AC. Los trenes son clasificados de acuerdo con la velocidad y área de operación. Muchos trenes son oficialmente identificados por un código de cuatro dígitos, aunque muchos son vulgarmente conocidos por nombres exclusivos. El sistema de venta de billetes fue informatizado a gran escala, y los billetes son encontrados tanto en la categoría de reserva como no reservados. (es)
- Le chemin de fer est le mode de transport à grande distance le plus utilisé en Inde. Le transport ferroviaire à travers le pays est assuré par la compagnie publique des Chemins de fer indiens (Indian Railways), dont le réseau ferroviaire traverse le pays de long en large et s'étend sur 63 140 kilomètres de lignes. C'est l'un des réseaux de chemin de fer les plus longs et les plus chargés au monde, qui transporte plus de 5 milliards de passagers et 350 millions de tonnes de marchandises par an. Ce réseau s'étend sur les 28 états et sur 3 des 7 territoires du pays, et est raccordé aux réseaux du Népal, du Bangladesh et du Pakistan. Le chemin de fer est apparu en 1853 en Inde, et en 1947, année de l'indépendance, on comptait pas moins de 42 réseaux. Ces réseaux furent nationalisés et fusionnés en 1951, pour devenir un des plus grands réseaux au monde. (fr)
- Transportasi rel umumnya digunakan untuk transportasi jarak jauh di India. Hampir seluruh pengoperasian kereta api di India ditangani oleh perusahaan negeri, Indian Railways, di bawah Departemen Kereta Api. Jalur ini dikatakan sebagai jaringan terbesar ke-2 di dunia. (in)
- Rail transport in India is an important mode of conveyance for people and goods in India. Indian Railways (IR) is the primary operator of rail operations throughout the country. IR is a state-owned organisation of the Ministry of Railways, which historically had its own government budget. Between 2019 and 2020, 22.15 million passengers used the Indian Railways network daily. In the same period, 3.32 million metric tons of freight was also shipped daily on the IR network. Other locally owned public corporations operate various suburban and urban railways throughout the country, such as Chennai Metro and the trams in Kolkata. Private sector operations currently exist only for freight trains and railroads, exclusively for non-passenger usage, but there were renewed efforts in 2020 to encourage private sector involvement in the running of passenger trains. In March 2020, the national rail network comprised 126,366 km (78,520 mi) of track over a route of 67,368 km (41,861 mi) and 7,325 stations. India's national rail network is the fourth-largest in the world (after those of the United States, Russia, and China). 36.83% of routes are double or multi-tracked. As of April 2022, 52,247 km (32,465 mi) or 80% of the broad-gauge routes have been electrified with 25 KV AC electric traction. It is one of the busiest networks in the world, transporting 8.086 billion passengers and 1.208 billion tonnes of freight annually. IR is the world's eighth largest employer, with more than 1.254 million employees as of March 2020. As of March 2020, IR's rolling stock consisted of 293,077 freight wagons, 76,608 passenger coaches and 12,729 locomotives. Successive administrations of the Government of India have worked on improving the railways. Projects include the electrification of the entire IR network by 2023, new trains that can operate on existing rail infrastructure at 200 km/h, and new high-speed railways that can operate at speeds in excess of 300 km/h. India has also played a supporting role in the improvement of rail infrastructure overseas. As of 2018, India has invested over $1 billion towards upgrading railways and trains in Sri Lanka using 'Make in India' technology. As of 2020, only three rail connections to foreign countries were functioning, two to Nepal and three to Bangladesh, though an 18 km railway link to Bhutan is also under construction and there have been efforts to reinstate the historic Boat Mail train to Sri Lanka. (en)
- インドの鉄道(いんどのてつどう)では、インドにおける鉄道について記す。 (ja)
- De trein is het meest gebruikte transportmiddel voor de lange afstand in India. Het treinverkeer wordt door het hele land verzorgd door het overheidsbedrijf de Indian Railways. Het spoorwegennet doorsnijdt het hele land en heeft een totale lengte van 67.368 km (2017). Het is een van de grootste en drukste spoorwegennetten ter wereld met jaarlijks zo'n 9,116 miljard passagiers (2018) en meer dan 1,1 miljard ton vracht (2017). In 2017 werden 1.149,835 miljard passagierskilometers gereden. Het netwerk met 7.349 stations ligt verspreid over 28 staten en drie unieterritoria, en staat in verbinding met buurlanden Nepal, Bangladesh en Pakistan. De spoorwegen vormen een belangrijk onderdeel van de Indiase cultuur. (nl)
- O transporte ferroviário na Índia é um modo de transporte a longa distância que consiste em operações ferroviárias manipuladas quase sempre por uma empresa estatal, a Indian Railways, sob controle do Ministério Federal da Ferrovia. A rede ferroviária cobre todo o comprimento e largura do país, abrangendo uma extensão total de 63 140 quilômetros (39 234 milhas).Diz-se de ser a segunda maior rede ferroviária do mundo, o transporte de mais de 5 bilhões de passageiros e mais de 350 milhões de toneladas de carga anualmente. As suas operações abrangem 28 estados e 3 territórios da união além de prestar serviços limitados ao Nepal, Bangladesh e Paquistão. As ferrovias foram introduzidas na Índia em 1853, e na época da Independência da Índia em 1947 tinham crescido a quarenta e dois sistemas ferroviários. Em 1951 os sistemas foram nacionalizados como uma unidade — a Indian Railways — para formar uma das maiores redes do mundo. Locomotivas fabricadas em diversos lugares da Índia recebem códigos que especificam as suas bitolas, tipo de potência e o tipo de operação. Semáforos coloridos são usados como sinais, mas em algumas zonas remotas de operação ainda são utilizados os sinais mecânicos mais primitivos. As classes de acomodações vão desde geral até primeira classe AC. Os trens são classificados de acordo com a velocidade e área de operação. Muitos trens são oficialmente identificados por um código de quatro dígitos, embora muitos são vulgarmente conhecido por nomes exclusivos. O sistema de bilheteria foi informatizado em grande escala, e os bilhetes são encontrados tanto na categoria por reserva como não reservados. (pt)
- Indien har världens fjärde längsta järnvägsnät med 63 974 kilometer spår, och sex miljarder resor per år. Järnvägen administreras av Indiens järnvägar. Indien har haft järnväg sedan 1853, då en linje mellan Bombay och Thane öppnades. och då Indien blev självständigt 1947 fanns 42 järnvägssystem. Systemen förstatligades till en enhet, Indiens järnvägar, 1951. (sv)
- 印度是最早开通火车的亚洲国家,也是20世纪90年代前铁路总里程最长的亚洲国家。铁路在印度交通运输中占据重要地位。 印度的干线铁路网由下属的国有企业印度鐵路公司运营。截至2019年3月,印度干线铁路网轨道总长达123,542 km(76,765 mi),线路总长达67368公里,共有7349座车站,为世界第四大铁路网(仅次于美国、中国和俄罗斯),其中36.21%的区段为复线或以上区间。。截至2020年4月,印度干线铁路网58.49%的线路为电气化铁路(25kV交流)。目前印度只有部分货运列车及货运铁路由私营企业运营,不过2020年有更新计划支持私营企业参与印度铁路客运列车运营。 2018-2019年,印度干线铁路网日均客运量达2312万人次,日均货运量达336万吨。截至2017年3月,印度铁路公司共拥有277987辆货运车厢、70937辆客运车厢及11452台铁路机车,并在全国多处拥有铁路机车及客车制造场地。 印度的城市轨道交通系统则独立于印度铁路公司以外运作。截至2019年,印度共有13个运营中的城市轨道交通系统,运营总长达638公里,共有502座车站。 (zh)
- Железнодорожный транспорт — один из наиболее популярных видов транспорта в Индии. Общая длина сети дорог — 63 140 километров (в 1951 году 55 тысяч), и занимает четвёртое место в мире по этому параметру. В год железные дороги в Индии перевозят около 6 миллиардов людей и 350 миллионов тонн грузов. Владельцем практически всей индустрии железнодорожных перевозок является государственная компания Indian Railways, под управлением Министерства железных дорог Индии. Индийские железные дороги обслуживают более 1,6 миллиона служащих. Первые планы о создании в Индии системы железных дорог были заявлены в 1832 году. Первая линия была экспериментальной и проходила рядом с Чинтадрипет Бридж, ныне располагающимся в Ченнаи. Было это в 1836 году в соответствии со статьёй в «Madras Gazette» от 4 мая 1836 года. По ней передвигалась небольшая гружёная тележка. В 1837 году была построена 3,5 км линия от Ред Хилл до каменоломен на возвышенности Сент-Маунт. Впервые железные дороги в Индии появились в 1853 году, и ко времени получения независимости в 1947 году сеть железных дорог выросла до сорока двух станций. В 1951 году вся система была национализирована. Локомотивы, произведённые в Индии, помечаются кодом, указывающим на их тип, мощность и скорость. Индия является мировым лидером по числу железнодорожных аварий. Ежегодно на железных дорогах страны фиксируется около 300 серьёзных аварий и несчастных случаев. Согласно статистике, с 1995 по 2005 годы в железнодорожных катастрофах в Индии погибли более 4000 человек. С начала 1990-х годов ведётся перешивка дорог узкой колеи на широкую в рамках стандартизации. Ранее узкоколейные железные дороги составляли до половины всей сети, многочисленные станции стыкования по всей стране затрудняли перевозки. Имеется стыкование с железными дорогами Пакистана, Непала и Бангладеш, с которыми у Индии единая колея 1676 мм. В Шри-Ланке такая же колея, сообщение возможно с помощью парома. В Нью-Дели находится Национальный железнодорожный музей. (ru)
- http://www.indianrailways.gov.in/
- https://www.ixigo.com/trains%7Cpublisher=ixigo%7Caccess-date=15
- https://www.amazon.com/dp/0195648285
- https://www.amazon.com/dp/0231140029/
- https://www.amazon.com/dp/0816665613/
- https://www.irfca.org/faq/index.html%7Caccess-date=19
- http://indianrailways.gov.in/railwayboard/uploads/directorate/stat_econ/Annualreport10-11/Glossary.pdf
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- The smaller railway viaduct and the longer railway viaduct near Thane in 1855. (en)
- standard gauge (en)
- broad gauge (en)
- Two narrow gauges, and (en)
- Tanna Railway Viaduct .jpg (en)
- Tanna Village and Smaller Viaduct .jpg (en)
- Der Schienenverkehr in Indien benutzt hinter den USA, China und Russland das viertgrößte Eisenbahnnetz der Welt. Es wird von der staatlichen Indian Railways betrieben. (de)
- Transportasi rel umumnya digunakan untuk transportasi jarak jauh di India. Hampir seluruh pengoperasian kereta api di India ditangani oleh perusahaan negeri, Indian Railways, di bawah Departemen Kereta Api. Jalur ini dikatakan sebagai jaringan terbesar ke-2 di dunia. (in)
- インドの鉄道(いんどのてつどう)では、インドにおける鉄道について記す。 (ja)
- De trein is het meest gebruikte transportmiddel voor de lange afstand in India. Het treinverkeer wordt door het hele land verzorgd door het overheidsbedrijf de Indian Railways. Het spoorwegennet doorsnijdt het hele land en heeft een totale lengte van 67.368 km (2017). Het is een van de grootste en drukste spoorwegennetten ter wereld met jaarlijks zo'n 9,116 miljard passagiers (2018) en meer dan 1,1 miljard ton vracht (2017). In 2017 werden 1.149,835 miljard passagierskilometers gereden. Het netwerk met 7.349 stations ligt verspreid over 28 staten en drie unieterritoria, en staat in verbinding met buurlanden Nepal, Bangladesh en Pakistan. De spoorwegen vormen een belangrijk onderdeel van de Indiase cultuur. (nl)
- Indien har världens fjärde längsta järnvägsnät med 63 974 kilometer spår, och sex miljarder resor per år. Järnvägen administreras av Indiens järnvägar. Indien har haft järnväg sedan 1853, då en linje mellan Bombay och Thane öppnades. och då Indien blev självständigt 1947 fanns 42 järnvägssystem. Systemen förstatligades till en enhet, Indiens järnvägar, 1951. (sv)
- 印度是最早开通火车的亚洲国家,也是20世纪90年代前铁路总里程最长的亚洲国家。铁路在印度交通运输中占据重要地位。 印度的干线铁路网由下属的国有企业印度鐵路公司运营。截至2019年3月,印度干线铁路网轨道总长达123,542 km(76,765 mi),线路总长达67368公里,共有7349座车站,为世界第四大铁路网(仅次于美国、中国和俄罗斯),其中36.21%的区段为复线或以上区间。。截至2020年4月,印度干线铁路网58.49%的线路为电气化铁路(25kV交流)。目前印度只有部分货运列车及货运铁路由私营企业运营,不过2020年有更新计划支持私营企业参与印度铁路客运列车运营。 2018-2019年,印度干线铁路网日均客运量达2312万人次,日均货运量达336万吨。截至2017年3月,印度铁路公司共拥有277987辆货运车厢、70937辆客运车厢及11452台铁路机车,并在全国多处拥有铁路机车及客车制造场地。 印度的城市轨道交通系统则独立于印度铁路公司以外运作。截至2019年,印度共有13个运营中的城市轨道交通系统,运营总长达638公里,共有502座车站。 (zh)
- El transporte ferroviario en India de larga distancia consiste en operaciones ferroviarias operadas casi siempre por una empresa estatal, la Indian Railways, bajo control del Ministerio Federal del Ferrocarril. La red ferroviaria cubre toda la longitud del país, abarcando una extensión total de 63.140 kilómetros (39.234 millas).Es la segunda mayor red ferroviaria del mundo, que mueve más de 5.000 millones de pasajeros y más de 350 millones de toneladas de carga anualmente. Sus operaciones engloban además de prestar servicios limitados al Nepal, Bangladés y Pakistán. (es)
- Rail transport in India is an important mode of conveyance for people and goods in India. Indian Railways (IR) is the primary operator of rail operations throughout the country. IR is a state-owned organisation of the Ministry of Railways, which historically had its own government budget. Between 2019 and 2020, 22.15 million passengers used the Indian Railways network daily. In the same period, 3.32 million metric tons of freight was also shipped daily on the IR network. (en)
- Le chemin de fer est le mode de transport à grande distance le plus utilisé en Inde. Le transport ferroviaire à travers le pays est assuré par la compagnie publique des Chemins de fer indiens (Indian Railways), dont le réseau ferroviaire traverse le pays de long en large et s'étend sur 63 140 kilomètres de lignes. C'est l'un des réseaux de chemin de fer les plus longs et les plus chargés au monde, qui transporte plus de 5 milliards de passagers et 350 millions de tonnes de marchandises par an. Ce réseau s'étend sur les 28 états et sur 3 des 7 territoires du pays, et est raccordé aux réseaux du Népal, du Bangladesh et du Pakistan. (fr)
- O transporte ferroviário na Índia é um modo de transporte a longa distância que consiste em operações ferroviárias manipuladas quase sempre por uma empresa estatal, a Indian Railways, sob controle do Ministério Federal da Ferrovia. A rede ferroviária cobre todo o comprimento e largura do país, abrangendo uma extensão total de 63 140 quilômetros (39 234 milhas).Diz-se de ser a segunda maior rede ferroviária do mundo, o transporte de mais de 5 bilhões de passageiros e mais de 350 milhões de toneladas de carga anualmente. As suas operações abrangem 28 estados e 3 territórios da união além de prestar serviços limitados ao Nepal, Bangladesh e Paquistão. (pt)
- Железнодорожный транспорт — один из наиболее популярных видов транспорта в Индии. Общая длина сети дорог — 63 140 километров (в 1951 году 55 тысяч), и занимает четвёртое место в мире по этому параметру. В год железные дороги в Индии перевозят около 6 миллиардов людей и 350 миллионов тонн грузов. Владельцем практически всей индустрии железнодорожных перевозок является государственная компания Indian Railways, под управлением Министерства железных дорог Индии. Индийские железные дороги обслуживают более 1,6 миллиона служащих. В Нью-Дели находится Национальный железнодорожный музей. (ru)
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