Battle of Jerusalem (original) (raw)
معركة القدس هي معركة حدثت بين الإمبراطورية البريطانية والدولة العثمانية عام 1917 م، وتطلق الامبراطورية البريطانية على المعركة اسم «عملية القدس»، انتهت باستسلام القدس واحتلال الإمبراطورية البريطانية لفلسطين والقدس. وحدثت المعركة عندما تطور القتال من 17 نوفمبر واستمر حتى الاستسلام والتسليم للبريطانيين في 30 ديسمبر 1917 .
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| dbo:abstract | معركة القدس هي معركة حدثت بين الإمبراطورية البريطانية والدولة العثمانية عام 1917 م، وتطلق الامبراطورية البريطانية على المعركة اسم «عملية القدس»، انتهت باستسلام القدس واحتلال الإمبراطورية البريطانية لفلسطين والقدس. وحدثت المعركة عندما تطور القتال من 17 نوفمبر واستمر حتى الاستسلام والتسليم للبريطانيين في 30 ديسمبر 1917 . (ar) In der Schlacht um Jerusalem (türkisch Kudüs Muharebesi) während des Ersten Weltkriegs kämpften britische Truppen ab 19. November 1917 gegen osmanische und deutsche Truppen. Die Übergabe der religiös wichtigen Stadt Jerusalem an die Engländer erfolgte am 9. Dezember und brachte den Osmanen in der arabischen Welt einen schweren Prestigeverlust. (de) The Battle of Jerusalem occurred during the British Empire's "Jerusalem Operations" against the Ottoman Empire, in World War I, when fighting for the city developed from 17 November, continuing after the surrender until 30 December 1917, to secure the final objective of the Southern Palestine Offensive during the Sinai and Palestine Campaign of World War I. Before Jerusalem could be secured, two battles were recognised by the British as being fought in the Judean Hills to the north and east of the Hebron–Junction Station line. These were the Battle of Nebi Samwill from 17 to 24 November and the Defence of Jerusalem from 26 to 30 December 1917. They also recognised within these Jerusalem Operations, the successful second attempt on 21 and 22 December 1917 to advance across the Nahr el Auja, as the Battle of Jaffa, although Jaffa had been occupied as a consequence of the Battle of Mughar Ridge on 16 November. This series of battles was successfully fought by the British Empire's XX Corps, XXI Corps, and the Desert Mounted Corps against strong opposition from the Yildirim Army Group's Seventh Army in the Judean Hills and the Eighth Army north of Jaffa on the Mediterranean coast. The loss of Jaffa and Jerusalem, together with the loss of 50 miles (80 km) of territory during the Egyptian Expeditionary Force (EEF) advance from Gaza, after the capture of Beersheba, Gaza, Hareira and Sheria, Tel el Khuweilfe and the Battle of Mughar Ridge, constituted a grave setback for the Ottoman Army and the Ottoman Empire. As a result of these victories, British Empire forces captured Jerusalem and established a new strategically strong fortified line. This line ran from well to the north of Jaffa on the maritime plain, across the Judean Hills to Bireh north of Jerusalem, and continued eastwards of the Mount of Olives. With the capture of the road from Beersheba to Jerusalem via Hebron and Bethlehem, together with substantial Ottoman territory south of Jerusalem, the city was secured. On 11 December, General Edmund Allenby entered the Old City on foot through the Jaffa Gate instead of horse or vehicles to show respect for the holy city. He was the first Christian in many centuries to control Jerusalem, a city held holy by three great religions. The Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, David Lloyd George, described the capture as "a Christmas present for the British people". The battle was a great morale boost for the British Empire. (en) La batalla de Jerusalén (denominada por los británicos Operaciones de Jerusalén) constituye un conjunto de enfrentamientos entre el Imperio británico y el Imperio otomano, durante la campaña homónina. La lucha se desarrolló entre el 17 de noviembre y el 30 de diciembre de 1917, día en el cual la ciudad se rindió. Jerusalén era el objetivo final de la , parte de la campaña del Sinaí, durante la Primera Guerra Mundial. En las operaciones, los británicos obtuvieron la victoria en dos enfrentamientos en los montes de Judea, al norte y al este de la línea Hebrón–Junction Station: la batalla de Nebi Samwill (17-24 de noviembre) y la defensa de Jerusalén (26-30 de diciembre). Asimismo, también ocurrió el exitoso segundo intento de avance a través del Nahr el Auja (21-22 de diciembre), como en la , aunque esa ciudad ya había sido ocupada como consecuencia de la batalla de Mughar Ridge (16 de noviembre). Esta serie de enfrentamientos se sucedieron entre las fuerzas británicas del XX Cuerpo, el XXI Cuerpo y el Cuerpo Montado del Desierto; en contra del Grupo de Ejércitos Yildirim, constituido por el Séptimo (en los montes de Judea) y Octavo Ejército (al norte de Jaffa); a lo largo de la costa mediterránea. La derrota otomana en Jaffa y Jerusalén, así como la pérdida de 50 millas (80 kilómetros) de territorio durante el avance de la Fuerza Expedicionaria Egipcia hacia Gaza, con la ocupación de Beerseba, Gaza, Hareira y Sheria, Tel el Khuweilfe y la batalla de Mughar Ridge, constituían una grave revés para el Imperio otomano. Como resultado de estas victorias, las fuerzas del Imperio británico capturaron Jerusalén y establecieron una nueva línea estratégica fortificada. Esta línea iba desde el norte de Jaffa (en la llanura costera), a través de los montes de Judea hacia Bireh (al norte de Jerusalén), y seguía hacia el este del monte de los Olivos. Con la captura de la carretera de Beerseba–Jerusalén (a través de Hebrón y Belén), además de territorio otomano sustancial al sur de Jerusalén, el dominio de la ciudad quedó asegurado. El 11 de diciembre, el general Edmund Allenby entró humildemente en la Ciudad Vieja a través de la puerta de Jaffa a pie, en lugar de a caballo o en vehículos, como una forma de mostrar respeto a la ciudad santa. Así, Allenby fue el primer cristiano en varios siglos en obtener el control de Jerusalén, sitio muy importante para las tres grandes religiones monoteístas (cristianismo, judaísmo e islam). El primer ministro del Reino Unido, David Lloyd George, describió la captura como «un regalo de Navidad para el pueblo británico». La batalla fue una gran inyección de moral para el Imperio británico. (es) La bataille de Jérusalem (turc : Kudüs Muharebesi) est une bataille de la Première Guerre mondiale. Elle fait partie de la campagne du Sinaï et de la Palestine et oppose les forces de l'Empire britannique à celles de l'Empire ottoman soutenu par l'Allemagne. Elle consiste en une série d'opérations livrées en novembre et décembre 1917 dans le sud de la Palestine, alors partie de l'Empire ottoman, et s'achève par la victoire des Britanniques et de leurs alliés australiens et néo-zélandais qui s'emparent de Jérusalem. (fr) Pertempuran Yerusalem terjadi saat "Operasi Yerusalem" Kekaisaran Britania melawan Kekaisaran Ottoman, saat pertikaian di kota tersebut berkembang dari 17 November, berlanjut setelah penyerahan pada 30 Desember 1917, untuk mewujudkan tujuan akhir dari saat Kampanye Sinai dan Palestina dari Perang Dunia I. Sebelum Yerusalem direbut, dua pertempuran diakui oleh Inggris sebagai pertarungan di sampai timur laut jalur Stasiun persimpangan Hebron. Itu adalah dari 17 sampai 24 November dan Pertahanan Yerusalem dari 26 sampai 30 Desember 1917. Mereka juga mengakui upaya kedua yang sukses dari Operasi Yerusalem tersebut pada 21 dan 22 Desember 1917 untuk maju di sepanjang Nahr el Auja, sebagai Pertempuran Jaffa, meskipin Jaffa telah direbut sebagai konsekuensi dari Pertempuran Mughar Ridge pada 16 November. (in) 예루살렘 전투는 1917년 영국군이 터키군이 점령하고 있던 예루살렘을 빼앗아 점령한 전투다. (ko) De Slag om Jeruzalem was een slag uit de Eerste Wereldoorlog. De strijdende partijen waren de Britten, Australiërs en Nieuw-Zeelanders tegen de Turken. De slag resulteerde in een geallieerde zege. Op 11 december 1917 ging een Britse commandant te voet de stad binnen uit respect voor de heilige stad, hij was de eerste christen in eeuwen die de stad controleerde. (nl) A Batalha de Jerusalém (oficialmente designada por "Operações de Jerusalém" pelos britânicos) teve lugar entre 17 de Novembro e 30 de Dezembro de 1917, imediatamente após a vitória da Força expedicionária egípcia (FEE) na , ocorrida na sequência das vitórias da Força expedicionária egípcia nas batalhas de Bersebá e Gaza, durante a Campanha do Sinai e Palestina da Primeira Guerra Mundial. Antes da captura de Jerusalém ficar efectivamente controlada, tiveram lugar duas batalhas nas Montanhas da Judeia, a norte e a leste de Hebrom–Entroncamento ferroviário: , entre 17 e 24 de Novembro; e a Defesa de Jerusalém, de 26 a 30 de Dezembro de 1917. No âmbito das Operações de Jerusalém, também se realizou uma segunda tentativa, bem sucedida, para avançar através de Nahr el Auja - -, embora Jafa tivesse sido capturada depois da Batalha de Mughar Ridge a 16 de Novembro. Esta operação teve lugar entre 21 e 22 de Dezembro de 1917, na região compreendida entre o entroncamento ferroviário de Tul Keram, caminhos-de-ferro de Jafa e o mar. Esta série de batalhas foi realizada com sucesso pelos XX e XXI Corpos e pelo Corpo do Deserto a Cavalo do Império Britânico, contra uma forte oposição otomana do Sétimo Exército, nos montes da Judeia, e do Oitavo Exército, a norte de Jafa, na costa mediterrânica. A perda de Jafa e Jerusalém, juntamente com a perda de 80 km de território durante o avanço da FEE desde Gaza, constituiu um sério revés para o Exército Otomano e para o Império Otomano. O resultado destas vitórias para as forças britânicas, foi a captura de Jerusalém e o estabelecimento de uma nova linha estratégica fortificada. Esta, estendia-se desde norte de Jafa, na planície marítima, passando pelas Montanhas da Judeia até , a norte de Jerusalém, continuando para leste do Monte das Oliveiras. Com a captura da estrada entre Bersebá e Jerusalém, via Hebrom e Belém, juntamente com uma significativa área de território otomano a sul de Jerusalém, a cidade ficou controlada. A 11 de Dezembro, o general Edmund Allenby entrou na cidade de Cidade Antiga, a pé, em sinal de respeito pelo local sagrado, pelo Portão de Jafa, em vez de se apresentar a cavalo ou dentro de um um veículo. Foi o primeiro cristão, em muitos séculos, a controlar Jerusalém, local de muito significado para muitas crenças. O primeiro-ministro britânico, David Lloyd George, descreveu a captura como "um presente de Natal para o povo britânico." Allenby acrescentou, "As guerras dos cruzados ficaram completas ". A batalha representou uma significativa vitória moral para o Império Britânico. (pt) Битва за Иерусалим — сражение в ходе Синайско-Палестинской кампании Первой мировой войны между объединёнными силами Германской и Османской империй с одной стороны, и соединенных сил Британской империи с другой. Результатом битвы стала победа британских войск. Эдмунд Алленби, командир британских войск, стал первым христианином, овладевшим Иерусалимом за несколько столетий. (ru) Битва за Єрусалим — битва в ході Синайско-Палестинської кампанії Першої світової війни між об'єднаними силами Німецької та Османської імперій з одного боку, та об'єднаних сил Британської імперії з іншого. Результатом битви стала перемога британських військ. Едмунд Алленбі, командир британських військ, став першим християнином, що оволодів Єрусалимом за декілька століть. (uk) |
| dbo:causalties | 18,000 (entire campaign) |
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| dbo:date | 1917-12-30 (xsd:date) |
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| dbo:result | British Empirevictory |
| dbo:thumbnail | wiki-commons:Special:FilePath/Allenby_enters_Jerusalem_1917.jpg?width=300 |
| dbo:wikiPageExternalLink | https://archive.org/details/desertmountedco00presgoog%7Clast=Preston%7Cfirst=R. https://www.academia.edu/39727753%7Cjournal=Studi https://www.awm.gov.au/collection/C1352120 http://connection.ebscohost.com/c/articles/139879746 |
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| dbp:casualties | 18000 (xsd:integer) 25000 (xsd:integer) |
| dbp:combatant | * * * * (en) |
| dbp:commander | Erich von Falkenhayn (en) Harry Chauvel (en) Ali Fuad Pasha (en) Djevad Pasha (en) Edmund Allenby (en) Edward Bulfin (en) F. K. von Kressenstein (en) Philip Chetwode (en) |
| dbp:conflict | Battle of Jerusalem (en) |
| dbp:date | 0001-11-17 (xsd:gMonthDay) |
| dbp:imageSize | 300 (xsd:integer) |
| dbp:partof | the Middle Eastern theatre of World War I (en) |
| dbp:place | On the coast of the Mediterranean Sea north of Jaffa, into the Judean Hills and around Jerusalem (en) |
| dbp:quote | 0001-12-04 (xsd:gMonthDay) Yesterday, morning, I reconnoitred our line, N. and E. slight fighting was in progress; and a few prisoners were coming in – fine, fighting Turks; well set up and well fed ... Later, I went to the railway station; where we are trying to repair and reconstruct what the Turks have damaged. Then Bols and I went to Bethlehem ... . (en) |
| dbp:result | British Empire victory (en) |
| dbp:source | 0001-12-04 (xsd:gMonthDay) 0001-12-14 (xsd:gMonthDay) |
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| rdfs:comment | معركة القدس هي معركة حدثت بين الإمبراطورية البريطانية والدولة العثمانية عام 1917 م، وتطلق الامبراطورية البريطانية على المعركة اسم «عملية القدس»، انتهت باستسلام القدس واحتلال الإمبراطورية البريطانية لفلسطين والقدس. وحدثت المعركة عندما تطور القتال من 17 نوفمبر واستمر حتى الاستسلام والتسليم للبريطانيين في 30 ديسمبر 1917 . (ar) In der Schlacht um Jerusalem (türkisch Kudüs Muharebesi) während des Ersten Weltkriegs kämpften britische Truppen ab 19. November 1917 gegen osmanische und deutsche Truppen. Die Übergabe der religiös wichtigen Stadt Jerusalem an die Engländer erfolgte am 9. Dezember und brachte den Osmanen in der arabischen Welt einen schweren Prestigeverlust. (de) La bataille de Jérusalem (turc : Kudüs Muharebesi) est une bataille de la Première Guerre mondiale. Elle fait partie de la campagne du Sinaï et de la Palestine et oppose les forces de l'Empire britannique à celles de l'Empire ottoman soutenu par l'Allemagne. Elle consiste en une série d'opérations livrées en novembre et décembre 1917 dans le sud de la Palestine, alors partie de l'Empire ottoman, et s'achève par la victoire des Britanniques et de leurs alliés australiens et néo-zélandais qui s'emparent de Jérusalem. (fr) 예루살렘 전투는 1917년 영국군이 터키군이 점령하고 있던 예루살렘을 빼앗아 점령한 전투다. (ko) De Slag om Jeruzalem was een slag uit de Eerste Wereldoorlog. De strijdende partijen waren de Britten, Australiërs en Nieuw-Zeelanders tegen de Turken. De slag resulteerde in een geallieerde zege. Op 11 december 1917 ging een Britse commandant te voet de stad binnen uit respect voor de heilige stad, hij was de eerste christen in eeuwen die de stad controleerde. (nl) Битва за Иерусалим — сражение в ходе Синайско-Палестинской кампании Первой мировой войны между объединёнными силами Германской и Османской империй с одной стороны, и соединенных сил Британской империи с другой. Результатом битвы стала победа британских войск. Эдмунд Алленби, командир британских войск, стал первым христианином, овладевшим Иерусалимом за несколько столетий. (ru) Битва за Єрусалим — битва в ході Синайско-Палестинської кампанії Першої світової війни між об'єднаними силами Німецької та Османської імперій з одного боку, та об'єднаних сил Британської імперії з іншого. Результатом битви стала перемога британських військ. Едмунд Алленбі, командир британських військ, став першим християнином, що оволодів Єрусалимом за декілька століть. (uk) The Battle of Jerusalem occurred during the British Empire's "Jerusalem Operations" against the Ottoman Empire, in World War I, when fighting for the city developed from 17 November, continuing after the surrender until 30 December 1917, to secure the final objective of the Southern Palestine Offensive during the Sinai and Palestine Campaign of World War I. Before Jerusalem could be secured, two battles were recognised by the British as being fought in the Judean Hills to the north and east of the Hebron–Junction Station line. These were the Battle of Nebi Samwill from 17 to 24 November and the Defence of Jerusalem from 26 to 30 December 1917. They also recognised within these Jerusalem Operations, the successful second attempt on 21 and 22 December 1917 to advance across the Nahr el Auja, (en) La batalla de Jerusalén (denominada por los británicos Operaciones de Jerusalén) constituye un conjunto de enfrentamientos entre el Imperio británico y el Imperio otomano, durante la campaña homónina. La lucha se desarrolló entre el 17 de noviembre y el 30 de diciembre de 1917, día en el cual la ciudad se rindió. Jerusalén era el objetivo final de la , parte de la campaña del Sinaí, durante la Primera Guerra Mundial. En las operaciones, los británicos obtuvieron la victoria en dos enfrentamientos en los montes de Judea, al norte y al este de la línea Hebrón–Junction Station: la batalla de Nebi Samwill (17-24 de noviembre) y la defensa de Jerusalén (26-30 de diciembre). Asimismo, también ocurrió el exitoso segundo intento de avance a través del Nahr el Auja (21-22 de diciembre), como en la (es) Pertempuran Yerusalem terjadi saat "Operasi Yerusalem" Kekaisaran Britania melawan Kekaisaran Ottoman, saat pertikaian di kota tersebut berkembang dari 17 November, berlanjut setelah penyerahan pada 30 Desember 1917, untuk mewujudkan tujuan akhir dari saat Kampanye Sinai dan Palestina dari Perang Dunia I. Sebelum Yerusalem direbut, dua pertempuran diakui oleh Inggris sebagai pertarungan di sampai timur laut jalur Stasiun persimpangan Hebron. Itu adalah dari 17 sampai 24 November dan Pertahanan Yerusalem dari 26 sampai 30 Desember 1917. Mereka juga mengakui upaya kedua yang sukses dari Operasi Yerusalem tersebut pada 21 dan 22 Desember 1917 untuk maju di sepanjang Nahr el Auja, sebagai Pertempuran Jaffa, meskipin Jaffa telah direbut sebagai konsekuensi dari Pertempuran Mughar Ridge pada (in) A Batalha de Jerusalém (oficialmente designada por "Operações de Jerusalém" pelos britânicos) teve lugar entre 17 de Novembro e 30 de Dezembro de 1917, imediatamente após a vitória da Força expedicionária egípcia (FEE) na , ocorrida na sequência das vitórias da Força expedicionária egípcia nas batalhas de Bersebá e Gaza, durante a Campanha do Sinai e Palestina da Primeira Guerra Mundial. Antes da captura de Jerusalém ficar efectivamente controlada, tiveram lugar duas batalhas nas Montanhas da Judeia, a norte e a leste de Hebrom–Entroncamento ferroviário: , entre 17 e 24 de Novembro; e a Defesa de Jerusalém, de 26 a 30 de Dezembro de 1917. No âmbito das Operações de Jerusalém, também se realizou uma segunda tentativa, bem sucedida, para avançar através de Nahr el Auja - -, embora Jafa tive (pt) |
| rdfs:label | Battle of Jerusalem (en) معركة القدس (1917) (ar) Schlacht um Jerusalem (1917) (de) Batalla de Jerusalén (1917) (es) Pertempuran Yerusalem (in) Bataille de Jérusalem (1917) (fr) 예루살렘 전투 (1917년) (ko) Slag om Jeruzalem (nl) Batalha de Jerusalém (pt) Битва за Иерусалим (1917) (ru) Битва за Єрусалим (1917) (uk) |
| rdfs:seeAlso | dbr:Battle_of_Jaffa_(1917) |
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